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TERMINOLOGIA EMBRYOLOGICA Second Edition International Embryological Terminology FIPAT The Federative International Programme for Anatomical Terminology A programme of the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists (IFAA) TE2, PART II Contents Caput V: Organogenesis Systema skeletale Systema musculare Facies Systema digestorium Chapter 5: Organogenesis Skeletal system Muscular system Face Alimentary system Bibliographic Reference Citation: FIPAT. Terminologia Embryologica. 2nd ed. FIPAT.library.dal.ca. Federative International Programme for Anatomical Terminology, February 2017 Published pending approval by the General Assembly at the next Congress of IFAA (2019) Creative Commons License: The publication of Terminologia Embryologica is under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-ND 4.0) license The individual terms in this terminology are within the public domain. Statements about terms being part of this international standard terminology should use the above bibliographic reference to cite this terminology. The unaltered PDF files of this terminology may be freely copied and distributed by users. IFAA member societies are authorized to publish translations of this terminology. Authors of other works that might be considered derivative should write to the Chair of FIPAT for permission to publish a derivative work. Caput V: ORGANOGENESIS 1381 1382 1383 1384 1385 1386 1387 Latin term Organogenesis Systema skeletale OSSA JUNCTURAE Skeletogenesis generalis Chordagenesis Nodus primitivus Latin synonym Articulationes Nodus gastrulationis UK English US English English synonym Organogeny Other Skeletal system BONES JOINTS General skeletogenesis Notochord formation Primitive node Skeletal system BONES JOINTS General skeletogenesis Notochord formation Primitive node Gastrulation node Primitive pit Notochordal process Primitive pit Notochordal process Notochordal pit Axial process; Chordamesoderm §Hensen§ Endnote 174 Notochordal canal Neurenteric canal Notochordal plate Folding Notochord Notochordal canal Neurenteric canal Notochordal plate Folding Notochord Notochord proper Extension of notochord out of axial dense mesenchyme Notochordal basal lamina Notochordal sheath Extension of notochord out of axial dense mesenchyme Notochordal basal lamina Notochordal sheath Organogenesis Organogenesis 1388 1389 Fovea primitiva Processus notochordalis 1390 1391 1392 1393 1394 Canalis notochordalis Canalis neurentericus Lamina notochordalis Plicatio Notochorda 1395 1396 1397 Extensio notochordae e mesenchymate axiali denso Lamina basalis notochordalis Vagina notochordalis 1398 Chondrogenesis Chondrogenesis Chondrogenesis 1399 1400 1401 1402 1403 1404 PRIMORDIA OSSIUM Primordium mesenchymale Primordium chondroideum Primordium cartilagineum Primordium osseum Refectio ossis BONE MODELS Mesenchyme model Chondroid model Cartilage model Bone model Bone remodelling BONE MODELS Mesenchyme model Chondroid model Cartilage model Bone model Bone remodelling 1405 Osteogenesis Osteogenesis Osteogenesis Osteogeny See General Histogenesis 1406 Ossificatio membranacea Membranous ossification Membranous ossification Intramembranous ossification See General Histogenesis 1407 Ossificatio chondralis Chondral ossification Chondral ossification Cartilaginous ossification See General Histogenesis 1408 Textus osseus reticulofibrosus Woven bone Woven bone FIPAT.library.dal.ca Fovea notochordalis Processus axialis; Chordomesoderma Chapter 5: ORGANOGENESIS Notochorda propria; Chorda dorsalis Vagina acellularis notochordalis Vagina cellularis notochordalis Ossificatio desmalis TE2, Part 2 Acellular notochordal sheath Perichordal sheath; Cellular notochordal sheath; Perinotochordal sheath Endnote 175 See General histogenesis (Part 1, Chapter 4) See General Histogenesis 62 1409 Os lamellare Lamellar bone Lamellar bone 1410 1411 1412 1413 1414 1415 1416 1417 Skeleton axiale Axial skeleton Axial skeleton Prechordal plate Occipital somites Prechordal plate Occipital somites Neurocranium Membranous neurocranium Chondral neurocranium Calvaria Fontanelle Cranial base Meninx Primordial meninx Ectomeninx Endomeninx Meninges Neurocranium Membranous neurocranium Chondral neurocranium Calvaria Fontanelle Cranial base Meninx Primordial meninx Ectomeninx Endomeninx Meninges Brain box Viscerocranium Membranous viscerocranium Chondral viscerocranium Maxillary process First pharyngeal arch cartilage Mandibular process Hyoid arch Second pharyngeal arch cartilage Cartilages of pharyngeal arches 3, 4&6 Viscerocranium Membranous viscerocranium Chondral viscerocranium Maxillary process First pharyngeal arch cartilage Mandibular process Hyoid arch Second pharyngeal arch cartilage Cartilages of pharyngeal arches 3, 4&6 Splanchnocranium Membranous splanchnocranium Chondral splanchnocranium Membranous cranium Dermocranium Membranous ossification Membranous neurocranium Frontal bone Descending nasal process Membranous cranium Dermocranium Membranous ossification Membranous neurocranium Frontal bone Descending nasal process 1419 1420 CRANIUM Mesenchyma capitis Crista neuralis Mesenchyma prechordale Mesoderma prechordale Mesoderma paraxiale Mesoderma paraxiale nonsegmentatum Mesoderma paraxiale segmentatum Lamina prechordalis Somiti occipitales 1421 1422 1423 1424 1425 1426 1427 1428 1429 1430 1431 Neurocranium Neurocranium membranosum Neurocranium chondrale Calvaria Fonticulus cranii Basis cranii Meninx Meninx primordialis Ectomeninx Endomeninx Meninges 1432 1433 1434 1435 1436 1437 1438 1439 1440 Viscerocranium Viscerocranium membranosum Viscerocranium chondrale Processus maxillaris Cartilago arcus pharyngei primi Processus mandibularis Arcus hyoideus Cartilago arcus pharyngei secundi Cartilagines arcuum pharyngeorum III, IV et VI 1441 1442 1443 1444 1445 1446 Desmocranium Dermocranium Ossificatio membranacea Neurocranium membranaceum Os frontale Processus nasalis descendens 1418 FIPAT.library.dal.ca CRANIUM Head mesenchyme Neural crest Prechordal mesenchyme Prechordal mesoderm Paraxial mesoderm Unsegmented paraxial mesoderm Segmented paraxial mesoderm Basicranium Splanchnocranium Splanchnocranium membranosum Splanchnocranium chondrale Ossificatio desmalis TE2, Part 2 See General Histogenesis CRANIUM Head mesenchyme Neural crest Prechordal mesenchyme Prechordal mesoderm Paraxial mesoderm Unsegmented paraxial mesoderm Segmented paraxial mesoderm Occipital somites 1-4 Fonticulus Endnote 176 §Meckel§ §Reichert§ Endnote 177 Intramembranous ossification 63 1447 1448 1449 1450 1451 1452 1453 1454 1455 1456 1457 Parietal bone Squamous part of temporal bone Ala temporalis Squamous part of occipital bone Membranous viscerocranium Vomer Lacrimal bone Nasal bone Palatine bone Greater wing of sphenoid Pterygoid process of sphenoid Parietal bone Squamous part of temporal bone Ala temporalis Squamous part of occipital bone Membranous viscerocranium Vomer Lacrimal bone Nasal bone Palatine bone Greater wing of sphenoid Pterygoid process of sphenoid 1458 1459 1460 1461 1462 1463 1464 1465 1466 1467 1468 1469 1470 1471 1472 1473 1474 Os parietale Pars squamosa ossis temporalis Ala temporalis Squama occipitalis Viscerocranium membranaceum Vomer Os lacrimale Os nasale Os palatinum Ala major ossis sphenoidalis Processus pterygoideus ossis sphenoidalis Zygoma Campus jugalis Campus postorbitalis Os zygomaticum Maxilla Crista alveolaris maxillaris Premaxilla Processus alveolaris Processus palatinus Processus frontalis Spina nasalis anterior Sutura interincisiva Sutura incisiva Foramen incisivum Mandibula Crista alveolaris mandibularis Articulatio temporomandibularis Zygoma Jugal field Postorbital field Zygomatic bone Maxilla Maxillary alveolar ridge Premaxilla Alveolar process Palatine process Frontal process Anterior nasal spine Interincisive suture Incisive suture Incisive foramen Mandible Mandibular alveolar ridge Temporomandibular joint Zygoma Jugal field Postorbital field Zygomatic bone Maxilla Maxillary alveolar ridge Premaxilla Alveolar process Palatine process Frontal process Anterior nasal spine Interincisive suture Incisive suture Incisive foramen Mandible Mandibular alveolar ridge Temporomandibular joint 1475 1476 1477 Chondrocranium Chondrocranium initiale Cartilago prechordalis Chondrocranium Early chondrocranium Prechordal cartilage Chondrocranium Early chondrocranium Prechordal cartilage 1478 1479 1480 1481 1482 1483 1484 1485 1486 Cartilago hypophysialis Sella turcica Capsula nasi Capsula optica Capsula otica Cartilago periotica Cartilago arcus pharyngei primi Cartilago arcus pharyngei secundi Cartilagines arcuum pharyngeorum III, IV et VI Cartilago parachordalis Sclerotomi occipitales Hypophysial cartilage Sella turcica Nasal capsule Optic capsule Otic capsule Peri-otic cartilage First pharyngeal arch cartilage Second pharyngeal arch cartilage Cartilages of pharyngeal arches 3, 4&6 Parachordal cartilage Occipital sclerotomes Hypophyseal cartilage Sella turcica Nasal capsule Optic capsule Otic capsule Periotic cartilage First pharyngeal arch cartilage Second pharyngeal arch cartilage Cartilages of pharyngeal arches 3, 4&6 Parachordal cartilage Occipital sclerotomes 1487 1488 FIPAT.library.dal.ca Cartilago trabecularis; Trabecula cranii Cartilago polaris Capsula olfactoria TE2, Part 2 Intermaxillary segment Trabecular cartilage At Stage17 Polar cartilage Olfactory capsule §Meckel§ §Reichert§ 64 1489 1490 1491 1492 1493 1494 1495 1496 1497 1498 1499 1500 1501 1502 1503 1504 1505 1506 Chondrocranium serum Septum nasi Cartilago paraseptalis anterior Cartilago paraseptalis posterior Cartilago presphenoidalis Cartilago orbitosphenoidalis Cartilago basisphenoidalis Cartilago alisphenoidalis Cartilago corporis sphenoidalis Cartilago postsphenoidalis Os sphenoidale Rostrum sphenoidale Corpus sphenoidale Capsula otica Cartilago mallei Cartilago incudis Cartilago stapedis Cartilago mandibularis Later chondrocranium Nasal septum Anterior paraseptal cartilage Posterior paraseptal cartilage Presphenoid cartilage Orbitosphenoidal cartilage Basisphenoidal cartilage Alisphenoidal cartilage Sphenoidal body cartilage Postsphenoid cartilage Sphenoid bone Sphenoidal rostrum Sphenoid body Otic capsule Cartilage of malleus Cartilage of incus Cartilage of stapes Mandibular cartilage Later chondrocranium Nasal septum Anterior paraseptal cartilage Posterior paraseptal cartilage Presphenoid cartilage Orbitosphenoidal cartilage Basisphenoidal cartilage Alisphenoidal cartilage Sphenoidal body cartilage Postsphenoid cartilage Sphenoid bone Sphenoidal rostrum Sphenoid body Otic capsule Cartilage of malleus Cartilage of incus Cartilage of stapes Mandibular cartilage 1507 1508 1509 1510 Cartilago ossis hyoidei Cartilagines laryngeae Cartilago occipitalis Pars basioccipitalis cartilaginis occipitalis Pars exoccipitalis cartilaginis occipitalis Pars supraoccipitalis cartilaginis occipitalis Ossificatio endochondralis cranii Cartilage of hyoid bone Laryngeal cartilages Occipital cartilage Basi-occipital part of occipital cartilage Exoccipital part of occipital cartilage Supra-occipital part of occipital cartilage Endochondral ossification of cranium Inferior nasal concha Mesoethmoidal catilage Ethmoid Cribriform plate Crista galli Septo-ethmoidal synchondrosis Midsphenoidal synchondrosis Spheno-occipital synchondrosis Body of sphenoid Lesser wing of sphenoid Pterygoid hamulus of sphenoid Cartilage of hyoid bone Laryngeal cartilages Occipital cartilage Basioccipital part of occipital cartilage Exoccipital part of occipital cartilage Supraoccipital part of occipital cartilage Endochondral ossification of cranium Inferior nasal concha Mesoethmoidal catilage Ethmoid Cribriform plate Crista galli Septoethmoidal synchondrosis Midsphenoidal synchondrosis Sphenooccipital synchondrosis Body of sphenoid Lesser wing of sphenoid Pterygoid hamulus of sphenoid Temporal bone Petrous part of temporal bone Squamous part of temporal bone Temporal bone Petrous part of temporal bone Squamous part of temporal bone 1511 1512 1513 1514 1515 1516 1517 1518 1519 1520 1521 1522 1523 1524 1525 1526 1527 Concha nasalis inferior Cartilago mesoethmoidalis Os ethmoidale Lamina cribrosa Crista galli Synchondrosis septoethmoidalis Synchondrosis mesosphenoidalis Synchondrosis sphenooccipitalis Corpus ossis sphenoidalis Ala minor ossis sphenoidalis Hamulus pterygoideus ossis sphenoidalis Os temporale Pars petrosa ossis temporalis Pars squamosa ossis temporalis FIPAT.library.dal.ca Ala orbitalis TE2, Part 2 At Stages 20+ §Meckel§ See also below 65 1528 1529 1530 1531 1532 1533 Pars mastoidea ossis temporalis Pars tympanica ossis temporalis Anulus tympanicus Processus styloideus ossis temporalis Pars basilaris ossis occipitalis Pars lateralis ossis occipitalis 1534 1535 1536 1537 Mandibula Arcus pharyngeus primus Mesenchyma pharyngomericum Cartilago arcus pharyngei primi 1538 1539 1540 Area symphysialis Mesenchyma pharyngomericum Cartilago arcus pharyngei primi 1541 1542 1543 1544 1545 1546 1547 1548 1549 1550 1551 1552 1553 1554 1555 Ruga alveolaris mandibularis Chondriola symphysialis Cartilago secundaria Ossiculum mentale Textus osseus reticulofibrosus Textus chondroideus Corpus mandibulae Pars nonalveolaris Columna cartilaginea Pars alveolaris Ramus mandibulae Processus coronoideus Cartilago secundaria Cartilago condylaris Columna osteocartilaginea 1556 1557 SKELETON AXIALE POST CRANIALE Notochorda 1558 1559 1560 Epiblastus Nodus primitivus Processus notochordalis 1561 1562 1563 1564 Notochorda Cardo chordoneuralis Canalis notochordalis Lamina notochordalis FIPAT.library.dal.ca Mastoid part of temporal bone Tympanic part of temporal bone Tympanic ring Styloid process of temporal bone Arcus mandibularis Crista alveolaris mandibularis Notochorda propria; Chorda dorsalis Nodus gastrulationis Processus axialis; Chordomesoderma Mastoid part of temporal bone Tympanic part of temporal bone Tympanic ring Styloid process of temporal bone Basilar part of occipital bone Lateral part of occipital bone Basilar part of occipital bone Lateral part of occipital bone Mandible First pharyngeal arch Pharyngomeric mesenchyme First pharyngeal arch cartilage Mandible First pharyngeal arch Pharyngomeric mesenchyme First pharyngeal arch cartilage Symphysial area Pharyngomeric mesenchyme First pharyngeal arch cartilage Symphyseal area Pharyngomeric mesenchyme First pharyngeal arch cartilage Mandibular alveolar ridge Symphysial chondriole Secondary cartilage Mental ossicle Woven bone Chondroid tissue Body of mandible Nonalveolar part Cartilaginous column Alveolar part Ramus of mandible Coronoid process Secondary cartilage Condylar cartilage Osteocartilaginous column Mandibular alveolar ridge Symphyseal chondriole Secondary cartilage Mental ossicle Woven bone Chondroid tissue Body of mandible Nonalveolar part Cartilaginous column Alveolar part Ramus of mandible Coronoid process Secondary cartilage Condylar cartilage Osteocartilaginous column POSTCRANIAL AXIAL SKELETON Notochord POSTCRANIAL AXIAL SKELETON Notochord Notochord proper Epiblast Primitive node Notochordal process Epiblast Primitive node Notochordal process Primary ectoderm Gastrulation node Axial process; Chordamesoderm Notochord Chordoneural hinge Notochordal canal Notochordal plate Notochord Chordoneural hinge Notochordal canal Notochordal plate TE2, Part 2 Mandibular arch Endnote 178 In part §Meckel§ In part In part §Meckel§ §Islet of Meckel§ §Hensen§ 66 1565 Notochorda 1566 1567 Lamina basalis notochordalis Nucleus pulposus disci intervertebralis 1568 1569 1570 1571 1572 1573 1574 1575 1576 1577 1578 1579 1580 1581 1582 1583 1584 1585 1586 1587 1588 1589 1590 1591 1592 1593 1594 1595 1596 1597 1598 1599 1600 1601 1602 1603 1604 1605 1606 Sclerotomus Mesoderma paraxiale Somitomerum Transitio mesenchymoepithelialis Segmentatio Resegmentatio Somitus Somitocoeloma Cellula somitocoelomatis Junctura columnae vertebralis Discus intervertebralis Pars proximalis costae Transitio epitheliomesenchymalis Meningotomus Sclerotomus Pars centralis sclerotomi Pediculus arcus vertebrae Pars proximalis costae Pars ventralis sclerotomi Corpus vertebrae Discus intervertebralis Pars dorsalis sclerotomi Lamina arcus vertebrae Processus spinosus Pars lateralis sclerotomi Endotheliocytus Pars distalis costae Tendo Pars medialis sclerotomi Meningotomus Meninges spinales Vas sanguineum Pars rostralis sclerotomi Corpus vertebrae Pars minor arcus vertebrae Perineurium Endoneurium Pars minor costae distalis Angulus rostrolateralis partis rostralis sclerotomi FIPAT.library.dal.ca Notochorda propria; Chorda dorsalis Vagina acellularis notochordalis Metamerismus Pediculus vertebrae Lamina vertebrae Pars laxa sclerotomi Notochord Notochord Notochord proper Notochordal basal lamina Nucleus pulposus of intervertebral disc Notochordal basal lamina Nucleus pulposus of intervertebral disc Acellular notochordal sheath Sclerotome Paraxial mesoderm Somitomere Mesenchymo-epithelial transition Segmentation Resegmentation Somite Somitocoele Somitocoele cell Vertebral joint Intervertebral disc Proximal rib Epitheliomesenchymal transition Meningotome Sclerotome Central sclerotome Pedicle of vertebral arch Proximal rib Ventral sclerotome Vertebral body Intervertebral disc Dorsal sclerotome Lamina of vertebral arch Spinous process Lateral sclerotome Endothelial cell Distal rib Tendon Medial sclerotome Meningotome Spinal meninges Blood vessel Rostral part of sclerotome Vertebral body Small part of vertebral arch Perineurium Endoneurium Small part of distal rib Rostrolateral corner of rostral part of sclerotome Sclerotome Paraxial mesoderm Somitomere Mesenchymoepithelial transition Segmentation Resegmentation Somite Somitocele Somitocele cell Vertebral joint Intervertebral disc Proximal rib Epitheliomesenchymal transition Meningotome Sclerotome Central sclerotome Pedicle of vertebral arch Proximal rib Ventral sclerotome Vertebral body Intervertebral disc Dorsal sclerotome Lamina of vertebral arch Spinous process Lateral sclerotome Endothelial cell Distal rib Tendon Medial sclerotome Meningotome Spinal meninges Blood vessel Rostral part of sclerotome Vertebral body Small part of vertebral arch Perineurium Endoneurium Small part of distal rib Rostrolateral corner of rostral part of sclerotome TE2, Part 2 Metamerism Arthrotome In part Pedicle; Syndetome In part Lamina Loose part of sclerotome 67 1607 1608 1609 1610 1611 1612 1613 1614 1615 1616 1617 1618 1619 1620 1621 1622 1623 1624 1625 1626 1627 1628 1629 1630 1631 1632 1633 1634 1635 1636 1637 1638 Tendines musculorum dorsi propriorum Fissura intervertebralis Pars caudalis sclerotomi Corpus vertebrae Pars major costae distalis Angulus caudolateralis partis caudalis sclerotomi Tendines musculorum dorsi propriorum Vagina notochordalis Pars densa sclerotomi Pars rostralis vaginae notochordalis Blastema centri vertebrae Pars laxa vaginae notochordalis Pars caudalis vaginae notochordalis Discus intervertebralis Anulus fibrosus disci intervertebralis Pars densa vaginae notochordalis Vertebra Blastema vertebrae Blastema arcus neuralis Blastema centri vertebrae Vertebra cartilaginea Arcus neuralis cartilagineus Centrum cartilagineum Vertebra ossea Arcus neuralis osseus Processus spinosus vertebrae Arcus vertebrae Processus transversus vertebrae Processus articularis superior vertebrae Processus articularis inferior vertebrae Pediculus arcus vertebrae Lamina arcus vertebrae Pars corporis vertebrae ex arcu derivata Synchondrosis neurocentralis Centrum osseum FIPAT.library.dal.ca Vagina cellularis notochordalis Zygapophysis superior Zygapophysis inferior Pars minor corporis vertebrae Tendons of back muscles proper Intervertebral fissure Tendons of back muscles proper Intervertebral fissure Syndetome Caudal part of sclerotome Vertebral body Major part of distal rib Caudolateral corner of caudal part of sclerotome Tendons of muscles of back proper Notochordal sheath Caudal part of sclerotome Vertebral body Major part of distal rib Caudolateral corner of caudal part of sclerotome Tendons of muscles of back proper Notochordal sheath Dense part of sclerotome Rostral part of notochordal sheath Blastema of centrum of vertebra Caudal part of notochordal sheath Intervertebral disc Anulus fibrosus of intervertebral disc Rostral part of notochordal sheath Blastema of centrum of vertebra Caudal part of notochordal sheath Intervertebral disc Anulus fibrosus of intervertebral disc Vertebra Blastema of vertebra Blastema of neural arch Blastema of centrum of vertebra Cartilaginous vertebra Cartilaginous neural arch Cartilaginous centrum Bony vertebra Bony neural arch Spinous process of vertebra Vertebral arch Transverse process of vertebra Superior articular process of vertebra Inferior articular process of vertebra Pedicle of vertebra Lamina of vertebra Arch-derived part of vertebral body Neurocentral synchondrosis Bony centrum Vertebra Blastema of vertebra Blastema of neural arch Blastema of centrum of vertebra Cartilaginous vertebra Cartilaginous neural arch Cartilaginous centrum Bony vertebra Bony neural arch Spinous process of vertebra Vertebral arch Transverse process of vertebra Superior articular process of vertebra Inferior articular process of vertebra Pedicle of vertebra Lamina of vertebra Arch derived part of vertebral body Neurocentral synchondrosis Bony centrum TE2, Part 2 §von Ebner§ Syndetome Perichordal sheath; Cellular notochordal sheath; Perinotochordal sheath Loose part of notochordal sheath Dense part of notochordal sheath Endnote 179 Lesser part of vertebral body 68 1639 1642 1643 1644 1645 Pars corporis vertebrae ex centro derivata Epiphysis anularis vertebrae Centrum ossificationis laterale vertebrae Proatlas Atlas Axis Dens axis 1646 1647 1648 1649 1650 1651 Costa Blastema partis distalis costae Blastema partis proximalis costae Costa cartilaginea Centrum osssificationis costale Costa ossea Rib Blastema of distal part of rib Blastema of proximal part of rib Cartilaginous rib Costal ossification centre Bony rib Rib Blastema of distal part of rib Blastema of proximal part of rib Cartilaginous rib Costal ossification centre Bony rib 1652 1653 1654 1655 1656 1657 1658 1659 1660 1661 1662 1663 1664 Sternum Mesenchyma somatopleurale Blastemata bilateralia sterni Blastema interclaviculare Cartilago sternalis bilateralis Conjunctio cartilaginum sternalium bilateralium Centrum ossificationis medianum Presternum Suprasternum Fascia sternalis Sternebra Manubrium Processus xiphoideus Sternum Somatopleuric mesenchyme Bilateral blastemata of sternum Interclavicular blastema Bilateral sternal cartilage Fusion of bilateral sternal cartilages Median ossification centre Presternum Suprasternum Sternal band Sternebra Manubrium Xiphoid process Sternum Somatopleuric mesenchyme Bilateral blastemata of sternum Interclavicular blastema Bilateral sternal cartilage Fusion of bilateral sternal cartilages Median ossification center Presternum Suprasternum Sternal band Sternebra Manubrium Xiphoid process 1665 Clavicula Clavicle Clavicle 1666 Membra et skeleton appendiculare Mesoderma laminae lateralis Mesenchyma somatopleurale Ectoderma embryonicum Anulus ectodermalis primordialis Gemmae membrorum Gemma membri superioris Gemma membri inferioris Axis craniocaudalis Margo preaxialis Zona apoptotica anterior Limbs and appendicular skeleton Lateral plate mesoderm Somatopleuric mesenchyme Embryonic ectoderm Primordial ectodermal ring Limb buds Upper limb bud Lower limb bud Craniocaudal axis Pre-axial border Anterior apoptotic zone Limbs and appendicular skeleton Lateral plate mesoderm Somatopleuric mesenchyme Embryonic ectoderm Primordial ectodermal ring Limb buds Upper limb bud Lower limb bud Craniocaudal axis Preaxial border Anterior apoptotic zone 1640 1641 1667 1668 1669 1670 1671 1672 1673 1674 1675 1676 FIPAT.library.dal.ca Pars major corporis vertebrae Centrum-derived part of vertebral body Anular epiphysis of vertebra Lateral ossification centre of vertebra Pro-atlas Atlas Axis Odontoid process Centrum derived part of vertebral body Anular epiphysis of vertebra Lateral ossification centre of vertebra Proatlas Atlas Axis Odontoid process TE2, Part 2 Greater part of vertebral body Dens Xiphisternum See also under Muscles §Wolffe§ Rostral limb bud Caudal limb bud Endnote 180 69 1677 1678 1679 1680 1681 1682 1683 1684 1685 1686 1687 1688 1689 1690 Margo postaxialis Zona activitatis polarisantis Zona apoptotica posterior Axis dorsoventralis Axis proximodistalis A. axialis A.mediana A.sciatica Plexus capillaris terminalis Crista ectodermalis apicalis Mesenchyma apicale Zona progressus V. marginalis V. preaxialis 1691 1692 1693 1694 1695 1696 1697 1698 1699 1700 1701 1702 1703 1704 1705 1706 1707 1708 1709 1710 1711 V. postaxialis Lamina manus Radius manus Lamina pedis Radius pedis Crenatio interdigitalis Zona apoptotica interdigitalis Apoptosis Trama interdigitalis Separatio digitorum Axis radialis Zona centralis Zona peripherica Skeleton blastemale Centrum chondrificationis Skeleton cartilagineum Centrum ossificationis Epiphysis Cartilago epiphysialis Metaphysis Diaphysis Rete venosum postaxiale 1712 1713 1714 1715 1716 1717 1718 1719 JUNCTURAE Mesenchyma blastemale Sutura Stratum fibrosum suturae Stratum osteogenicum suturae Zona intermedia suturae Precartilago Cartilago Systema articulare FIPAT.library.dal.ca Zona necrotica posterior A. axialis primaria; A. centralis Sinus marginale Rete venosum preaxiale Membrana interdigitalis Zona chondrogenica Zona antichondrogenica Postaxial border Zone of polarizing activity Posterior apoptotic zone Dorsoventral axis Proximodistal axis Axial artery Median artery Sciatic artery Terminal capillary plexus Apical ectodermal ridge Apical mesenchyme Progress zone Marginal vein Pre-axial vein Postaxial border Zone of polarizing activity Posterior apoptotic zone Dorsoventral axis Proximodistal axis Axial artery Median artery Sciatic artery Terminal capillary plexus Apical ectodermal ridge Apical mesenchyme Progress zone Marginal vein Preaxial vein Postaxial vein Hand plate Hand ray Foot plate Foot ray Interdigital crenation Interdigital apoptotic zone Apoptosis Interdigital web Separation of digits Radial axis Central zone Peripheral zone Blastemal skeleton Chondrification centre Cartilaginous skeleton Ossification centre Epiphysis Epiphysial cartilage Metaphysis Diaphysis Postaxial vein Hand plate Hand ray Foot plate Foot ray Interdigital crenation Interdigital apoptotic zone Apoptosis Interdigital web Separation of digits Radial axis Central zone Peripheral zone Blastemal skeleton Chondrification center Cartilaginous skeleton Ossification center Epiphysis Epiphyseal cartilage Metaphysis Diaphysis JOINTS Blastemal mesenchyme Suture Sutural fibrous layer Sutural osteogenic layer Sutural interzone Precartilage Cartilage JOINTS Blastemal mesenchyme Suture Sutural fibrous layer Sutural osteogenic layer Sutural interzone Precartilage Cartilage TE2, Part 2 ZPA Posterior necrotic zone Endnote 180 Primary axial artery; Central artery AER Marginal sinus Pre-axial venous plexus; Preaxial venous plexus Postaxial venous plexus Endnote 181 Endnote 182 Endnote 183 Endnote 180 Chondrogenic zone Antichondrogenic zone See Terminologia Histologica Articular system 70 1720 Junctura ossea 1721 1722 Synchondrosis Centrum secundarium ossificationis Cartilago epiphysialis Centrum primarium ossificationis 1723 1724 1725 1726 1727 1728 1747 1748 1749 1750 1751 1752 1753 ANOMALIAE SKELETALES Anomaliae generales ossis Synostosis 1736 1737 1738 1739 1740 1741 1742 1743 1744 1745 1746 Bony union Bony union Centrum epiphysiale Primary cartilaginous joint Secondary ossification centre Primary cartilaginous joint Secondary ossification center Centrum diaphysiale Epiphysial cartilage Primary ossification centre Epiphyseal cartilage Primary ossification center Symphysis Stratum fibrosum symphysis Stratum chondrogenicum symphysis Zona intermedia symphysis Junctura synovialis Amentum articulationis Zona defluens Skeleton blastemale Centrum chondrificationis Skeleton cartilagineum Zona intermedia mesenchymalis nondifferentiata Stratum densum proximale zonae Cartilago faciei articularis proximalis Stratum zonae tenue intermedium Cavitatio Cavitas articularis Stratum densum distale zonae Cartilago faciei articularis distalis Lig. intracapsulare Discus articularis Meniscus articularis Mesenchyma circum zonam intermediam Capsula articularis Membrana synovialis Lig. capsulare Lig. extracapsulare 1729 1730 1731 1732 1733 1734 1735 Synostosis FIPAT.library.dal.ca Secondary cartilaginous joint Symphysial fibrous layer Symphysial chondrogenic layer Symphysial interzone Articulatio; Diarthrosis Epiphysial centre; Epiphyseal center Diaphysial centre; Diaphyseal center See Terminologia Histologica Secondary cartilaginous joint Symphyseal fibrous layer Symphyseal chondrogenic layer Symphyseal interzone Synovial joint Articulation loop Gliding zone Blastemal skeleton Chondrification centre Cartilaginous skeleton Undifferentiated mesenchymal zone Proximal dense layer of zona Synovial joint Articulation loop Gliding zone Blastemal skeleton Chondrification centrer Cartilaginous skeleton Undifferentiated mesenchymal zone Proximal dense layer of zona Cartilage of proximal articular surface Intermediate loose layer of zone Cartilage of proximal articular surface Intermediate loose layer of zone Cavitation Articular cavity Distal zone of cell density Cartilage of distal articular surface Intracapsular ligament Articular disc Meniscus Mesenchyme surrounding interzone Joint capsule Synovial membrane Capsular ligament Extracapsular ligament Cavitation Articular cavity Distal zone of cell density Cartilage of distal articular surface Intracapsular ligament Articular disc Meniscus Mesenchyme surrounding interzone Joint capsule Synovial membrane Capsular ligament Extracapsular ligament SKELETAL ANOMALIES General disorders of bone Synostosis SKELETAL ANOMALIES General disorders of bone Synostosis TE2, Part 2 Endnote 184 Endnote 185 Lies between cartilaginous elements Distal dense layer of zona Articular capsule 71 1754 1755 1756 1757 1758 1759 1760 1761 1762 1783 1784 1785 Agenesis ossis Dysostoses Achondrogenesis Achondroplasia Deviatio radialis manus Deviatio ulnaris manus Dyschondroosteosis Dysostosis epiphysialis Dysostosis epiphysialis hemimelica Dysostosis spondyloeepiphysialis congenita Dysostosis spondyloepiphysialis tarda Dysostosis metaphysialis Dysostosis spondylometaphysialis Dysplasia chondroectodermalis Dysplasia craniometaphysialis Dystrophia suffocans thoracis Hypophosphatasia Chondrodysplasia metaphysialis recessiva Dysplasiae fibrosae Dysplasia fibrosa monostotica Dysplasia fibrosa polyostotica Dysplasia fibrosa diffusa Leontiasis ossea Osteochondrodysplasia Osteochondrodystrophia Osteitis deformans Cystis ossea solitaria Exostoses Exostoses cartilagineae multiplices Enchondromatosis diffusa Enchondromatosis unilateralis Chondrodystrophia calcificans 1786 1787 1788 1789 1790 1791 Nanismus diastrophicus Nanismus letalis Nanismus metatropicus Pseudoachondroplasia Hyperostosis Hyperplasiae 1763 1764 1765 1766 1767 1768 1769 1770 1771 1772 1773 1774 1775 1776 1777 1778 1779 1780 1781 1782 FIPAT.library.dal.ca Chondrodysplasia Dyschondroplasia Absent bone Dysostoses Achondrogenesis Achondroplasia Radial deviation of hand Ulnar deviation of hand Dyschondro-osteosis Dysostosis epiphysaria Dysostosis epiphysaria hemimelica Dysostosis spondylo-epiphysaria congenita Dysostosis spondylo-epiphysaria tarda Dysostosis metaphysaria Dysostosis spondylometaphysaria Chondroectodermal dysplasia Dysplasia craniometaphysaria Suffocating thorax dystrophia Hypophosphatasia Cartilage-hair hypoplasia Absent bone Dysostoses Achondrogenesis Achondroplasia Radial deviation of hand Ulnar deviation of hand Dyschondroosteosis Dysostosis epiphysaria Dysostosis epiphysaria hemimelica Dysostosis spondyloepiphysaria congenita Dysostosis spondyloepiphysaria tarda Dysostosis metaphysaria Dysostosis spondylometaphysaria Chondroectodermal dysplasia Dysplasia craniometaphysaria Suffocating thorax dystrophia Hypophosphatasia Cartilagehair hypoplasia Fibrous dysplasias Monostotic fibrous dysplasia Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia Generalized fibrous dysplasia Leontiasis ossea Osteochondrodysplasia Osteochondrodystrophy Osteitis deformans Solitary bone cyst Exostoses Multiple cartilaginous exostoses Fibrous dysplasias Monostotic fibrous dysplasia Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia Generalized fibrous dysplasia Leontiasis ossea Osteochondrodysplasia Osteochondrodystrophy Osteitis deformans Solitary bone cyst Exostoses Multiple cartilaginous exostoses Generalized enchondromatosis Unilateral enchondromatosis Chondrodystrophia calcificans Generalized enchondromatosis Unilateral enchondromatosis Chondrodystrophia calcificans Diastrophic dwarfism Lethal dwarfism Metatropic dwarfism Pseudoachondroplasia Hyperostosis Hyperplasias Chondrodysplasia §Madelung§ §Ribbing-Müller- Fairbank§ §Schmid/Murk Jansen§ §Kozlowski/Schmidt§ §Ellis-Van Crefeld§ §Pyle§ §McKusick§ §Paget§ §Ollier§ §Conradi-Hünermann§ Diastrophic dwarfism Lethal dwarfism Metatropic dwarfism Pseudoachondroplasia Hyperostosis Hyperplasias TE2, Part 2 72 1792 1794 Dysplasia diaphysialia progressiva Dystrophia periostea hyperplastica familiaris Hyperostosis congenita diffusa 1795 Hyperostosis corticalis diffusa 1796 1809 1810 1811 1812 1813 1814 1815 1816 1817 1818 1819 1820 Hyperostosis corticalis infantilis diffusa Hyperostosis diffusa pachydermatina Melorheostosis Osteopetrosis Osteopoikilosis Pyknodysostosis Sclerosis diaphysialis hereditaria multiplex Sclerosteosis Toxopachyostosis Hypoplasiae Acroosteolysis Dysostosis cleidocranialis Dystrophia dermochondrocornealis Hypochondroplasia Osteofibrosis monoosteotica Osteofibrosis polyosteotica Osteogenesis imperfecta Osteoporosis idiopathica Macroplasia Microplasia Mucopolysaccharidoses Dysostosis multiplex typi I Dysostosis multiplex typi II Typus III Typus IV 1821 1822 1823 1824 Typus V Typus VI Typus VII Synostosis 1825 Anomaliae et variationes crescentiae cranii Dysinductio encephalica 1793 1797 1798 1799 1800 1801 1802 1803 1804 1805 1806 1807 1808 1826 FIPAT.library.dal.ca Oligophrenia polydystrophica Dysplasia spondyloepiphysialis intermedia Nanismus polydystrophicus Nanismus pseudopolydystrophicus Progressive diaphysial dysplasia Progressive diaphyseal dysplasia Dystrophia periostealis hyperplastica familiaris Congenital generalized hyperostosis Generalized cortical hyperostosis Dystrophia periostealis hyperplastica familiaris Congenital generalized hyperostosis Generalized cortical hyperostosis §Dzierzynsky§ Infantile generalized cortical hyperostosis Generalized hyperostosis with pachydermia Melorheostosis Marble bone disease Osteopoikilosis Pyknodysostosis Multiple hereditary diaphysial sclerosis Sclerosteosis Toxopachyostosis Hypoplasias Acro-osteolysis Cleidocranial dysostosis Dermochondrocorneal dystrophy Infantile generalized cortical hyperostosis Generalized hyperostosis with pachydermia Melorheostosis Marble bone disease Osteopoikilosis Pyknodysostosis Multiple hereditary diaphyseal sclerosis Sclerosteosis Toxopachyostosis Hypoplasias Acroosteolysis Cleidocranial dysostosis Dermochondrocorneal dystrophy §Caffey-Silverman§ Hypochondroplasia Osteofibrosis mono-osteoticus Osteofibrosis polyosteoticus Osteogenesis imperfecta Idiopathic osteoporosis Macroplasia Microplasia Mucopolysaccharidoses Type I Type II Type III Type IV Hypochondroplasia Osteofibrosis monoosteoticus Osteofibrosis polyosteoticus Osteogenesis imperfecta Idiopathic osteoporosis Macroplasia Microplasia Mucopolysaccharidoses Type I Type II Type III Type IV Type V Type VI Type VII Synostosis Type V Type VI Type VII Synostosis Cranial anomalies and growth variations Encephalic dysinduction Cranial anomalies and growth variations Encephalic dysinduction TE2, Part 2 §Camurati-Engelmann§ §Koszewski§ §Van Buchem§ §Uehlinger§ §Albers-Schönberg§ §Ribbing§ §Weismann-Netter§ §François§ §Allbright-McCune§ §Jaffé-Lichenstein§ §Vrolik/Lobstein§ Dysostosis multiplex Dysostosis multiplex Polydystrophic oligophrenia Intermediate spondyloepiphysial dysplasia; Intermediate spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia Polydystrophic dwarfism Pseudopolydystrophic dwarfism §von Pfaundler-Hurler§ §Hunter§ §Sanfilippo§ §Morquio-Brailsford§ §Ulrich-Scheie§ §Maroteaux§ §Maroteaux-Lamy§ Endnote 186 73 1827 1828 1829 1830 1831 1832 1833 1834 1835 1836 1837 1838 1839 1840 1841 1842 Acephalia Acrania Dicephalia Dyscephalia Macrocephalia Microcephalia Dysinductio olfactoria Ethmocephalia Cebocephalia Dysinductio optica Anorbitismus Holoprosencephalia Ethmocephalia Cebocephalia Cyclopia Hypoorbitismus Acephaly Acrania Dicephaly Dyscephaly Macrocephaly Microcephaly Olfactory dysinduction Ethmocephaly Cebocephaly Optic dysinduction Anorbitism Holoprosencephaly Ethmocephaly Cebocephaly Cyclopia Hypo-orbitism Acephaly Acrania Dicephaly Dyscephaly Macrocephaly Microcephaly Olfactory dysinduction Ethmocephaly Cebocephaly Optic dysinduction Anorbitism Holoprosencephaly Ethmocephaly Cebocephaly Cyclopia Hypoorbitism 1843 1844 1845 1846 1847 Dysinductio optoolfactoria Cyclopia Dysinductio otica Anotia Microtia Opto-olfactory dysinduction Cyclopia Otic dysinduction Anotia Microtia Optoolfactory dysinduction Cyclopia Otic dysinduction Anotia Microtia 1848 Persistent craniopharyngeal canal Persistent craniopharyngeal canal 1849 1850 1851 1852 1853 1854 1855 1856 Canalis craniopharyngeus persistens Dysplasiae Craniosynostosis Synostosis sagittalis Synostosis coronalis Bathrocephalia Brachycephalia Dolichocephalia Scaphocephalia Dysplasias Craniosynostosis Sagittal synostosis Coronal synostosis Bathrocephalia Brachycephaly Dolichocephaly Scaphocephaly Dysplasias Craniosynostosis Sagittal synostosis Coronal synostosis Bathrocephalia Brachycephaly Dolichocephaly Scaphocephaly 1857 1858 1859 1860 1861 1862 1863 1864 1865 1866 1867 1868 Pachycephalia Plagiocephalia Plagiocephalia anterior Plagiocephalia posterior Trifoliocephalia Trigonocephalia Turricephalia Oxycephalia Hypertelorismus Hypotelorismus Fissurae Schistocephalia Pachycephaly Plagiocephaly Anterior plagiocephaly Posterior plagiocephaly Clover-leaf cranium Trigonocephaly Turricephaly Oxycephaly Hypertelorism Hypotelorism Clefts Schistocephaly Pachycephaly Plagiocephaly Anterior plagiocephaly Posterior plagiocephaly Clover leaf cranium Trigonocephaly Turricephaly Oxycephaly Hypertelorism Hypotelorism Clefts Schistocephaly FIPAT.library.dal.ca Acrocephalia Cephaloschisis TE2, Part 2 Absence of orbit Hypoplasia of orbit; Micro-orbitism; Microorbitism Step head Boat-shaped head; Boat shaped head Kleeblattschädel Steeple head 74 1869 1870 1871 1872 1873 1874 1875 1876 1877 1878 1879 1880 Cranium bifidum occultum Os bifidum occultum frontale Os occipitale bifidum occultum Sutura frontalis persistens Sutura metopica singularis Sutura metopica duplex Os suturale Os interparietale Os supraoccipitale Os frontoorbitale Foramen parietale persistens Hydrocephalia Simple sagittal cranial defect Simple frontal sagittal defect Simple occipital sagittal defect Frontal suture Single metopic suture Double metopic suture Sutural bone Interparietal bone Supra-occipital bone Fronto-orbital bone Persistent parietal foramen Hydrocephaly Simple sagittal cranial defect Simple frontal sagittal defect Si mple occipital sagittal defect Frontal suture Single frontal suture Double frontal suture Sutural bone Interparietal bone Supraoccipital bone Frontoorbital bone Persistent parietal foramen Hydrocephaly 1881 1882 1883 1884 Occiput planum Occiput prominens Tricephalia Vertebralisatio partis ossis occipitalis Syndromata pertinentia ad capitem Acrocephalosyndactyl-ia Dysostosis cleidocranialis Dysostosis craniofacialis Frons latus Frons angustus Frons inclinata Os frontale hyperconvexum Dysostosis mandibulofacialis Flat occiput Prominent occput Tricephaly Vertebralisation of part of occipital bone Syndromes involving head Acrocephalosyndactyly Cleidocranial dysostosis Craniofacial dysostosis Broad forehead Narrow forehead Sloping forehead Frontal bossing Mandibulofacial dysostosis Flat occiput Prominent occput Tricephaly Vertebralisation of part of occipital bone Syndromes involving head Acrocephalosyndactyly Cleidocranial dysostosis Craniofacial dysostosis Broad forehead Narrow forehead Sloping forehead Frontal bossing Mandibulofacial dysostosis 1894 Dyscephalia mandibulooculofacialis Mandibulo-oculofacial dyscephaly Mandibulooculofacial dyscephaly §Hallermann-Streiff-François§ 1895 Maxillary and mandibular anomalies and growth variations of the jaws Agnathia Dignathia Gnathoschisis Hypognathia Macrognathia Micrognathia Prognathia Retrognathia Broad jaw Narrow jaw Maxillary and mandibular anomalies and growth variations of the jaws Agnathia Dignathia Gnathoschisis Hypognathia Macrognathia Micrognathia Prognathia Retrognathia Broad jaw Narrow jaw See also Syndromes involving face 1896 1897 1898 1899 1900 1901 1902 1903 1904 1905 Anomaliae et variationes crescentiae mandibulae et maxillae Agnathia Dignathia Gnathoschisis Hypognathia Macrognathia Micrognathia Prognathia Retrognathia Mandibula lata Mandibula angusta 1906 Anomaliae columnae vertebralis Vertebral column anomalies Vertebral anomalies 1885 1886 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 1892 1893 FIPAT.library.dal.ca Sutura metopica falsa Sutura metopica Foramen parietale permagnum Schistognathia TE2, Part 2 False metopic suture Metopic suture Large parietal foramen Hydrocephalus; Hydrencephaly; Hydrencephalus See also Syndromes involving face §Apert§ §Crouzon§ Endnote 187 §Treacher-Collins§ Cleft jaw Endnote 188 75 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Kyphosis insolita Lordosis insolita Scoliosis Kyphoscoliosis Fissurae vertebrae Fissura coronalis vertebrae Fissura sagittalis vertebrae Hemivertebra Baculum vertebrae Massa vertebrae Vestigium notochordae Vertebra papilionisformis Chordoma Abnormal kyphosis Abnormal lordosis Scoliosis Kyphoscoliosis Cleft vertebra Coronal cleft vertebra Sagittal cleft vertebra Hemivertebra Vertebral bar Block vertebra Vestige of notochord Butterfly vertebra Chordoma Abnormal kyphosis Abnormal lordosis Scoliosis Kyphoscoliosis Cleft vertebra Coronal cleft vertebra Sagittal cleft vertebra Hemivertebra Vertebral bar Block vertebra Vestige of notochord Butterfly vertebra Chordoma 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 1929 Spina bifida Spina bifida aperta Spina bifida cystica Meningocoelia Meningomyelocoela Myelocoelia Spina bifida occulta Anomaliae nervosae in spina bifida Hypoplasia nervi spinalis Malformatio nervi spinalis Spina bifida Spina bifida aperta Spina bifida cystica Meningocele Mingomyelocoele Myelocoele Spina bifida occulta Nerve anomalies in spina bifida Spinal nerve hypoplasia Spinal nerve malformation Spina bifida Spina bifida aperta Spina bifida cystica Meningocele Meningomyelocele Myelocele Spina bifida occulta Nerve anomalies in spina bifida Spinal nerve hypoplasia Spinal nerve malformation 1930 Syndromata pertinentia ad columnam vertebralem Conjunctio anomaliarum vertebrarum renium aut membrorum radialium cum atresia anale fistula tracheooesophagea atque atresia oesophagea Syndromes involving vertebral column VATER association Syndromes involving vertebral column VATER association 1932 Conjunctio anomaliarum cordis vertebrarum renium membrorumque cum atresia anale fistula tracheooesophagea atque atresia oesophagea VACTERL association VACTERL association 1933 Anomaliae vertebrarum cervicalium Brevicollum Brevicollum congenitum Occipitalisatio atlantis Costa cervicalis Scapula alta congenita Anomalies of cervical vertebrae Anomalies of cervical vertebrae Brevicollis Congenital brevicollis Occipitalization of atlas Cervical rib Congenital high scapula Brevicollis Congenital brevicollis Occipitalization of atlas Cervical rib Congenital high scapula 1931 1934 1935 1936 1937 1938 FIPAT.library.dal.ca Vertebra papilioformis Myelomeningocoela TE2, Part 2 See also Neural tube anomalies Myelomeningocele Vertebral anomalies; anal atresia; tracheo-oesophageal fistula, tracheooesophageal fistula; oesophageal atresia, esophageal atresia; renal or radial limb anomalies Vertebral anomalies; anal atresia; cardiac anomalies; tracheoesophageal fistula, tracheooesophageal fistula; oesophageal atresia, esophageal atresia; renal and limb anomalies §Klippel-Feil sequence§ §Sprengel deformity§ 76 1939 1940 Anomaliae vertebrarum thoracicarum Vertebra thoracica addita Lumbarisatio vertebrae thoracicae Anomalies of thoracic vertebrae Anomalies of thoracic vertebrae Supernumerary thoracic vertebra Lumbarisation of thoracic vertebra Supernumerary thoracic vertebra Lumbarisation of thoracic vertebra Anomaliae vertebrarum lumbalium Costa lumbalis Vertebra lumbalis supernumeraria Sacralisatio vertebrae lumbalis quintae Anomalies of lumbar vertebrae Anomalies of lumbar vertebrae Lumbar rib Supernumerary lumbar vertebra Sacralisation of fifth lumbar vertebra Lumbar rib Supernumerary lumbar vertebra Sacralisation of fifth lumbar vertebra Anomalies of sacrococcygeal vertebrae Supernumerary sacral vertebra Absent sacral vertebra Lumbarization of first sacral vertebra Supernumerary coccygeal vertebra Anomalies of sacrococcygeal vertebrae Supernumerary sacral vertebra Absent sacral vertebra Lumbarization of first sacral vertebra Supernumerary coccygeal vertebra 1952 1953 Anomaliae vertebrarum sacrococcygealium Vertebra sacralis supernumeraria Absentia vertebrae sacralis Lumbalisatio vertebrae sacralis primae Vertebra coccygealis supernumeraria Vertebra coccygealis absens Teratoma sacrococcygeale Absent coccygeal vertebra Sacrococcygeal teratoma Absent coccygeal vertebra Sacrococcygeal teratoma 1954 1955 1956 1957 Anomaliae caveae thoracicae Schistosternia Foramen sternale Processus xiphoideus bifidus Thoracic cage anomalies Cleft sternum Sternal foramen Cleft xiphoid process Thoracic cage anomalies Cleft sternum Sternal foramen Cleft xiphoid process 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 Costa bifida Costa supernumeraria Pectus excavatum Costae conjunctae Pectus carinatum Bifid rib Supernumerary rib Funnel chest Fused ribs Pigeon chest Bifid rib Supernumerary rib Funnel chest Fused ribs Pigeon chest 1963 Anomaliae membrorum et aliarum partium skeleti appendicularis Absentiae Absentiae longitudinales Absentiae centrales Absentiae transversae Absentiae terminales Limb and other appendicular skeletal anomalies Limb and other appendicular skeletal anomalies Absences Longitudinal absences Central absences Transverse absences Terminal absences Absences Longitudinal absences Central absences Transverse absences Terminal absences Conjunctiones Conjunctio articulationis glenohumeralis Fusions Fused glenohumeral joint Fusions Fused glenohumeral joint 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 1946 1947 1948 1949 1950 1951 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 FIPAT.library.dal.ca Costa bifurcata TE2, Part 2 Forked rib Accessory rib Keel chest 77 1971 1972 Fused elbow joint Fused distal radio-ulnar joint Fused elbow joint Fused distal radioulnar joint Fused carpal joint Fused intermetacarpal joint Fused carpal joint Fused intermetacarpal joint Fused metacarpophalangeal joint Fused metacarpophalangeal joint Fused interphalangeal joint Fused interphalangeal joint Fused digits Fused thumb Fused hip joint Fused knee joint Fused tibiofibular joint Fused digits Fused thumb Fused hip joint Fused knee joint Fused tibiofibular joint Fused ankle joint Fused ankle joint Fused tarsal joint Fused intermetatarsal joint Fused tarsal joint Fused intermetatarsal joint Fused interphalangeal joint Fused interphalangeal joint 1986 1987 Conjunctio articulationis cubiti Conjunctio articulationis radioulnaris distalis Conjunctio articulationis carpi Conjunctio articulationis intermetacarpalis Conjunctio articulationis metacarpophalange-alis Conjunctio articulationis interphalangeae Conjunctio digitorum Conjunctio pollicis Conjunctio articulationis coxae Conjunctio articulationis genus Conjunctio articulationis tibiofibularis Conjunctio articulationis talocruralis Conjunctio articulationis tarsi Conjunctio articulationis intermetatarsalis Conjunctio articulationis interphalangeae Conjunctio digitorum Conjunctio hallucis 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Dysmeliae Amelia Brachymelia Dimelia Dolichostenomelia Ectromelia Hemimeliae Hemimelia partialis longitudinalis Hemimelia partialis transversalis Macromelia Meromelia Micromelia Notomelia Peromelia Phocomelia Phocomelia preaxialis Phocomelia postaxialis Polymelia Rhizomelia Schistomelia Limb anomalies Amelia Brachymelia Dimelia Dolichostenomelia Ectromelia Hemimeliae Partial longitudinal hemimelia Partial transverse hemimelia Macromelia Meromelia Micromelia Notomelia Peromelia Phocomelia Pre-axial phocomelia Postaxial phocomelia Polymelia Rhizomelia Schistomelia 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 FIPAT.library.dal.ca Fused digits Fused great toe Fused digits Fused great toe TE2, Part 2 Limb anomalies Amelia Brachymelia Dimelia Dolichostenomelia Ectromelia Hemimeliae Partial longitudinal hemimelia Partial transverse hemimelia Macromelia Meromelia Micromelia Notomelia Peromelia Phocomelia Preaxial phocomelia Postaxial phocomelia Polymelia Rhizomelia Schistomelia Absence of limb 78 2008 2009 Sirenomelia Symmelia Sirenomelia Symmelia Sirenomelia Symmelia 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Dysbrachiae Abrachia Hemihypertrophia brachii Macrobrachia Microbrachia Tribrachia Arm anomalies Abrachia; Absence of arm Brachial hemihypertrophy Macrobrachia Microbrachia Tribrachia Arm anomalies Abrachia; Absence of arm Brachial hemihypertrophy Macrobrachia Microbrachia Tribrachia 2016 Hand anomalies and variations Hand anomalies and variations 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 2031 2032 Dyscheiriae et variationes crescentiae manus Absentia radii manus Acheiria Dicheiria Deviatio radialis manus Deviatio ulnaris manus Macrocheiria Manus compressa in pugnum Microcheiria Manus trifida Os metacarpi breve Palma brevis Palma angusta Palma lata Palma longa Absentia rugae palmaris Schistocheiria Absent hand ray Acheiria Dicheiria Radial deviation of hand Ulnar deviation of hand Macrocheiria Clenched hand Microcheiria Trident hand Short metacarpal Short palm Narrow palm Broad palm Long palm Absent palmar crease Cleft hand Absent hand ray Acheiria Dicheiria Radial deviation of hand Ulnar deviation of hand Macrocheiria Clenched hand Microcheiria Trident hand Short metacarpal Short palm Narrow palm Broad palm Long palm Absent palmar crease Cleft hand 2033 2034 2035 Talipomanus Talipomanus radialis Talipomanus ulnaris Club hand Radial talipomanus Ulnar talipomanus Club hand Radial talipomanus Ulnar talipomanus 2036 Dyspodiae et variationes crescentiae pedis Absentia radii pedis Acheiropodia Apodia Apodia partialis Calx prominens Dipodia Macropodia Metatarsus adductus Micropodia Os metatarsi breve Foot anomalies and variations Foot anomalies and variations Absent foot ray Acheiropodia Apodia Partial apodia Prominent heel Dipodia Macropodia Metatarsus adductus Micropodia Short metatarsal Absent foot ray Acheiropodia Apodia Partial apodia Prominent heel Dipodia Macropodia Metatarsus adductus Micropodia Short metatarsal 2037 2038 2039 2040 2041 2042 2043 2044 2045 2046 FIPAT.library.dal.ca Acromicria; Manus parva Cheiroschisis; Manus fissus; Manus bifurcatus TE2, Part 2 Absence of hand Radial club hand Ulnar club hand Prominent hand Small hand Wide palm Split hand; Ectrodactyly; Bifurcate hand; Lobster claw hand Manus valgus Manus varus Thanatophoric dysplasia Absence of foot Partial absence of foot 79 2047 2048 2049 2050 2051 2052 2053 2054 2055 2056 Monopodia Pes brevis Pes cavus Pes latus Pes longus Pes planus Pes angustus Planta convexa Ruga plantaris longitudinalis profunda Schistopodia 2057 2058 Sympodia Tripodia Sympodia Tripodia Sympodia Tripodia 2059 2060 2061 2062 2063 2064 2065 2066 2067 2068 2069 2070 2071 2072 2073 2074 2075 2076 2077 2078 2079 2080 2081 2082 Talipes Talipes calcaneovalgus Talipes calcaneovarus Talipes calcaneus Talipes calcaneus verticalis Talipes cavus Talipes cavovalgus Talipes cavovarus Talipes equinovalgus Talipes equinovarus Talipes equinus Talipes planus Talipes planovalgus Talipes talipomanus Talipes talus verticalis Talipes transversoplanus Talipes valgus Talipes varus Metatarsus adductocavus Metatarsus adductovarus Metatarsus adductus Metatarsus atavicus Metatarsus latus Metatarsus varus Club foot Talipes calcaneovalgus Talipes calcaneovarus Talipes calcaneus Talipes calcaneus verticalis Talipes cavus Talipes cavovalgus Talipes cavovarus Talipes equinovalgus Talipes equinovarus Talipes equinus Talipes planus Talipes planovalgus Talipes talipomanus Talipes talus verticalis Talipes transversoplanus Talipes valgus Talipes varus Metatarsus adductocavus Metatarsus adductovarus Metatarsus adductus Short first metatarsal Broad foot Metatarsus varus Club foot Talipes calcaneovalgus Talipes calcaneovarus Talipes calcaneus Talipes calcaneus verticalis Talipes cavus Talipes cavovalgus Talipes cavovarus Talipes equinovalgus Talipes equinovarus Talipes equinus Talipes planus Talipes planovalgus Talipes talipomanus Talipes talus verticalis Talipes transversoplanus Talipes valgus Talipes varus Metatarsus adductocavus Metatarsus adductovarus Metatarsus adductus Short first metatarsal Broad foot Metatarsus varus 2083 2084 2085 Dysdactyliae et variationes digitorum Adactylia Adactylia partim Anomalies and variations of digits Adactylia Partial adactylia Anomalies and variations of digits Adactylia Partial adactylia 2086 Adactylia pollicis Absence of thumb Absence of thumb FIPAT.library.dal.ca Podoschisis Talipes plantaris Pes planus Metatarsus brevis Monopodia Short foot Pes cavus Broad foot Long foot Pes planus Narrow foot Convex sole Deep longitudinal plantar crease Monopodia Short foot Pes cavus Broad foot Long foot Pes planus Narrow foot Convex sole Deep longitudinal plantar crease Schistopodia Schistopodia TE2, Part 2 Wide foot Slender foot Cleft foot; Split foot; Ectrodactyly; Lobster claw deformity Endnote 189 Talipes plantaris Flat foot Spread foot Absence of all digits Absence of four or fewer digits of one limb 80 2087 2088 2089 2090 2091 2092 2093 2094 2095 2096 2097 2098 2099 2100 2101 2102 2103 2104 2105 2106 2107 2108 2109 2110 2111 2112 2113 2114 2115 2116 2117 2118 2119 2120 2121 2122 2123 2124 2125 2126 2127 2128 2129 2130 2131 2132 Adactylia hallucis Adactylia pollicis partim Aphalangia Brachydactylia Brachytelephalangia Camptodactylia Clinodactylia Constrictio anularis Contractura Deviatio radialis digiti Deviatio ulnaris digiti Digiti radiantes Digitus gracilis Digitus clavatus Digitus latus Digitus longus Digitus superpositus Digitus attenuatus Dystelephalangia Hallux latus Hiatus spatii interdigiti primi pedis Hyperphalangia Hypodactylia Hypophalangia Macrodactylia Microdactylia Oligodactylia Phalanx deltoidea Pollex adductus Pollex latus Pollex viatoris Pollex locatus proximaliter Polydactylia Polydactylia mesoaxialis Polydactylia centralis Polydactylia intercalata Polydactylia partialis Polydactylia preaxialis Polydactylia postaxialis Polydactylia symmetrica Pulvinus digiti prominens Polysyndactylia Separatio digitorum lata Symphalangia Syndactylia; Ankylodactylia Syndactylia cutanea FIPAT.library.dal.ca Arachnodactylia Polyphalangia Absent hallux Partial absence of thumb Aphalangia Brachydactyly Brachytelephalangy Camptodactyly Clinodactyly Anular constriction Contracture Radial deviation of digit Ulnar deviation of digit Splayed digits Slender digit Clubbed digit Broad digit Long digit Overlapping finger Tapering digit Dystelephalangy Broad hallux Sandal gap Hyperphalangy Hypodactyly Hypophalangy Macrodactyly Microdactyly Oligodactyly Deltoid phalanx Adducted thumb Broad thumb Hitchhiker thumb Proximally located thumb Polydactyly Meso-axial polydactyly Central polydactyly Intercalary polydactyly Partial polydactyly Pre-axial polydactyly Postaxial polydactyly Symmetrical polydactyly Prominent digit pad Polysyndactyly Widely spaced digits Symphalangy Syndactyly Cutaneous syndactyly Absent hallux Partial absence of thumb Aphalangia Brachydactyly Brachytelephalangy Camptodactyly Clinodactyly Annular constriction Contracture Radial deviation of digit Ulnar deviation of digit Splayed digits Slender digit Clubbed digit Broad digit Long digit Overlapping finger Tapering digit Dystelephalangy Broad hallux Sandal gap Hyperphalangy Hypodactyly Hypophalangy Macrodactyly Microdactyly Oligodactyly Deltoid phalanx Adducted thumb Broad thumb Hitchhiker thumb Proximally located thumb Polydactyly Mesoaxial polydactyly Central polydactyly Intercalary polydactyly Partial polydactyly Preaxial polydactyly Postaxial polydactyly Symmetrical polydactyly Prominent digit pad Polysyndactyly Widely spaced digits Symphalangy Syndactyly Cutaneous syndactyly TE2, Part 2 Absent great toe Short digit Short distal phalanx Constriction ring Narrow digit Thick digit Arachnodactyly Broad great toe §Kirner§ Absent digit Partial absence of digit Megalodactyly; Pachydactyly Hypoplastic digit; Small digit Insertional polydactyly Ulnar polydactyly Mirror image polydactyly Foetal digit pad Ankylodactyly; Zygodactyly 81 2133 2134 2135 2136 2137 2138 Syndactylia ossea Syndactylia preaxialis Syndactylia postaxialis Triphalangia Triphalangia pollicis Triphalangia hallucis 2139 2140 2141 2142 2143 2144 2145 2146 2147 2148 Musculi NOMINA GENERALIA Mesenchyma Mesenchyma capitis Mesenchyma prechordale Lamina prechordalis Mesoderma Mesoderma segmentatum Mesoderma nonsegmentatum Mesoderma capitis nonsegmentatum Chorda hypoglossalis Mesenchyma pharyngomericum Ectomesenchyma Mesoderma paraxiale Placoda epipharyngea Somitomerum Somitus Dermomyotomus Myotomus Mesenchyma somatopleurale Mesenchyma gemmarum membrorum Striomyohistogenesis noncardiaca Systema musculare M. epaxialis M. hypaxialis M. preaxialis M. postaxialis M. appendicularis Mm. compartmentorum membrorum Tendinogenesis Tendo Aponeurosis Fascia Epimysium Perimysium Endomysium M. primaxialis M. abaxialis 2149 2150 2151 2152 2153 2154 2155 2156 2157 2158 2159 2160 2161 2162 2163 2164 2165 2166 2167 2168 2169 2170 2171 2172 2173 FIPAT.library.dal.ca Mesenchyma cristae neuralis Dermatomyotomus Osseous syndactyly Pre-axial syndactyly Postaxial syndactyly Triphalangy Triphalangy of thumb Triphalangy of big toe Osseous syndactyly Preaxial syndactyly Postaxial syndactyly Triphalangy Triphalangy of thumb Triphalangy of big toe Muscles GENERAL TERMS Mesenchyme Head mesenchyme Prechordal mesenchyme Prechordal plate Mesoderm Segmented mesoderm Unsegmented mesoderm Unsegmented head mesoderm Muscles GENERAL TERMS Mesenchyme Head mesenchyme Prechordal mesenchyme Prechordal plate Mesoderm Segmented mesoderm Unsegmented mesoderm Unsegmented head mesoderm Hypoglossal cord Pharyngomeric mesenchyme Ectomesenchyme Paraxial mesoderm Epipharyngeal placode Somitomere Somite Dermomyotome Myotome Somatopleuric mesenchyme Mesenchyme of limb buds Hypoglossal cord Pharyngomeric mesenchyme Ectomesenchyme Paraxial mesoderm Epipharyngeal placode Somitomere Somite Dermomyotome Myotome Somatopleuric mesenchyme Mesenchyme of limb buds Noncardiac striomyohistogenesis Noncardiac striomyohistogenesis Epaxial muscle Hypaxial muscle Pre-axial muscle Postaxial muscle Appendicular muscle Muscles of limb compartments Epaxial muscle Hypaxial muscle Preaxial muscle Postaxial muscle Appendicular muscle Muscles of limb compartments Tendinogenesis Tendon Aponeurosis Fascia Epimysium Perimysium Endomysium Tendinogenesis Tendon Aponeurosis Fascia Epimysium Perimysium Endomysium TE2, Part 2 Muscular system Endnote 190 Neural crest mesenchyme Dermatomyotome Appendicular mesenchyme Primaxial muscle Abaxial muscle See Myohistogenesis in General histogenesis (Part 1, Chapter 4) See Terminologia Anatomica See General histogenesis 82 2174 2175 2176 Motus dilatationis M. unisegmentalis M. multisegmentalis Dilation movement Unisegmental muscle Multisegmental muscle Dilation movement Unisegmental muscle Multisegmental muscle 2177 2178 MESENCHYMA PRECHORDALE Primordia musculorum externorum bulbi oculi Blastemata musculorum externorum bulbi oculi Blastema musculi recti lateralis PRECHORDAL MESENCHYME Extra-ocular muscle primordia PRECHORDAL MESENCHYME Extraocular muscle primordia Blastemata of extra-ocular muscles Blastemata of extraocular muscles Blastema of lateral rectus muscle Blastema of lateral rectus muscle MESENCHYMA PHARYNGOMERICUM Primordium musculare arcus pharyngei primi Blastemata musculorum masticatoriorum Blastema musculi tensoris veli palatini Blastema musculi tensoris tympani PHARYNGOMERIC MESENCHYME First pharyngeal arch muscle primordium Blastemata of muscles of mastication Blastema of tensor veli palatini PHARYNGOMERIC MESENCHYME First pharyngeal arch muscle primordium Blastemata of muscles of mastication Blastema of tensor veli palatini Blastema of tensor tympani Blastema of tensor tympani Primordium musculare arcus pharyngei secundi Blastemata musculorum faciei Blastema musculi stapedii Second pharyngeal arch muscle primordium Blastemata of facial muscles Blastema of stapedius Second pharyngeal arch muscle primordium Blastemata of facial muscles Blastema of stapedius 2189 Primordium musculare arcus pharyngei tertii Third pharyngeal arch muscle primordium Third pharyngeal arch muscle primordium 2190 2191 Blastema musculi stylopharyngei Primordium musculare arcus pharyngei quarti Blastemata musculorum levatoris veli palatini et uvulae atque palatoglossi et palatopharyngei Blastema of stylopharyngeus Fourth pharyngeal arch muscle primordium Blastemata of levator veli palatini, m. uvulae, palatoglossus and palatopharyngeus Blastema of stylopharyngeus Fourth pharyngeal arch muscle primordium Blastemata of levator veli palatini, m. uvulae, palatoglossus and palatopharyngeus Primordium musculare arcus pharyngei sexti Blastemata musculorum laryngeorum Blastemata musculorum constrictorium superioris, medii et inferioris pharyngis atque salpingopharyngei Sixth pharyngeal arch muscle primordium Blastemata of laryngeal muscles Sixth pharyngeal arch muscle primordium Blastemata of laryngeal muscles Blastemata of superior, middle and inferior pharyngeal constrictors and of salpingopharyngeus Blastemata of superior, middle and inferior pharyngeal constrictors and of salpingopharyngeus MYOTOMI Myotomi occipitales MYOTOMES Occipital myotomes MYOTOMES Occipital myotomes 2179 2180 2181 2182 2183 2184 2185 2186 2187 2188 2192 2193 2194 2195 2196 2197 FIPAT.library.dal.ca TE2, Part 2 Endnote 191 Endnote 192 §Eustachius§ Endnote 193 83 2198 2199 2200 2201 2202 2203 2204 2205 2206 2207 2208 2209 2210 2211 2212 2213 2214 2215 2216 2217 2218 2219 2220 2221 2222 2223 Primordium musculorum linguae Blastemata musculorum linguae Tongue muscle primordium Tongue muscle primordium Blastemata of tongue muscles Blastemata of tongue muscles Myotomi occipitocervicales Myotomi occipitocervicales epaxiales Myotomi occipitocervicales hypaxiales Mm. infrahyoidei Occipitocervical myotomes Epaxial occipitocervical myotomes Occipitocervical myotomes Epaxial occipitocervical myotomes Hypaxial occipitocervical myotomes Infrahyoid muscles Hypaxial occipitocervical myotomes Infrahyoid muscles Myotomi postoccipitales Partes epaxiales myotomorum postoccipitalium Blastemata musculorum suboccipitalium Blastemata musculorum dorsi propriorum Postoccipital myotomes Epaxial parts of postoccipital myotomes Blastemata of suboccipital muscles Postoccipital myotomes Epaxial parts of postoccipital myotomes Blastemata of suboccipital muscles Blastemata of muscles of back proper Blastemata of muscles of back proper Partes hypaxiales myotomorum postoccipitalium Blastemata musculorum pharyngis Blastemata musculorum laryngis Blastema musculi sternocleidomastoidei Blastema musculi trapezii Blastemata musculorum suprahyoideorum Blastemata musculorum infrahyoideorum Blastemata musculorum prevertebralium Blastemata musculorum scalenorum Blastema textus muscularis striati oesophagei Blastemata muscularia diaphragmatis Blastemata musculorum parietis thoracici Blastemata musculorum parietis abdominalis anterioris Blastemata diaphragmatis pelvis Blastema musculi sphincteris ani externi Blastemata musculorum regionis urogenitalis Hypaxial parts of postoccipital myotomes Blastemata of pharyngeal muscles Blastemata of laryngeal muscles Blastema of sternocleidomastoid Hypaxial parts of postoccipital myotomes Blastemata of pharyngeal muscles Blastemata of laryngeal muscles Blastema of sternocleidomastoid Blastema of trapezius Blastemata of suprahyoid muscles Blastema of trapezius Blastemata of suprahyoid muscles Blastemata of infrahyoid muscles Blastemata of infrahyoid muscles Blastemata of prevertebral muscles Blastemata of scalene muscles Blastemata of prevertebral muscles Blastemata of scalene muscles Blastema of oesophageal striated muscle tissue Muscular blastemata of diaphragm Blastema of oesophageal striated muscle tissue Muscular blastemata of diaphragm Blastemata of muscles of thoracic wall Blastemata of muscles of anterior abdominal wall Blastemata of pelvic diaphragm Blastema of external anal sphincter Blastemata of muscles of thoracic wall Blastemata of muscles of anterior abdominal wall Blastemata of pelvic diaphragm Blastema of external anal sphincter Blastemata of muscles of urogenital triangle Blastemata of muscles of urogenital triangle FIPAT.library.dal.ca TE2, Part 2 Endnote 194 84 Myotomi abdominales Ectoderma embryonicum anuli umbilicalis Mesenchyma somatopleurale Mesenchyma ex eminentia caudale Blastemata musculorum parietis abdominalis anterioris Blastema musculi recti abdominis Blastema musculi obliqui externi abdominis Blastema musculi obliqui interni abdominis Blastema musculi transversi abdominis Blastema musculi quadrati lumborum Occlusio parietis abdominalis anterioris Abdominal myotomes Embryonic ectoderm of umbilical ring Somatopleuric mesenchyme Mesenchyme from caudal eminence Blastemata of muscles of anterior abdominal wall Blastema of rectus abdominis Abdominal myotomes Embryonic ectoderm of umbilical ring Somatopleuric mesenchyme Mesenchyme from caudal eminence Blastemata of muscles of anterior abdominal wall Blastema of rectus abdominis Blastema of external oblique Blastema of external oblique Blastema of internal oblique Blastema of internal oblique 2235 2236 2224 2225 2226 2227 2228 2229 2230 2231 2232 2233 2234 2237 2238 2239 2240 2241 2242 2243 2244 2245 2246 2247 2248 2249 2250 2251 Blastema of transversus abdominis Blastema of quadratus lumborum Blastema of transversus abdominis Blastema of quadratus lumborum Closure of anterior abdominal wall Closure of anterior abdominal wall Anulus umbilicalis Umbilical ring Umbilical ring Anomaliae parietis abdominalis anterioris Occlusio noncompleta Syndroma defectionis musculorum abdominalium Aplasia musculorum abdominis Eventratio Gastroschisis Schistocoelia Exomphalos Omphalocoelia Anomalies of anterior abdominal wall Incomplete closure Abdominal muscle deficiency syndrome Prune-belly syndrome Eventration Gastroschisis Schistocoele Exomphalos Omphalocoele Anomalies of anterior abdominal wall Incomplete closure Abdominal muscle deficiency syndrome Prune belly syndrome Eventration Gastroschisis Schistocele Exomphalos Omphalocele Upper limb myotomes Dorsal muscle mass Blastemata in posterior compartment of arm Blastemata in posterior compartment of forearm Blastemata of deltoid and teres minor Blastema of latissimus dorsi Blastemata of rhomboid muscles Upper limb myotomes Dorsal muscle mass Blastemata in posterior compartment of arm Blastemata in posterior compartment of forearm Blastemata of deltoid and teres minor Blastema of latissimus dorsi Blastemata of rhomboid muscles Myotomi membri superioris Primordium musculare dorsale Blastemata in compartimento posteriore brachii Blastemata in compartimento posteriore antebrachii Blastemata musculorum deltoidei et teretis minoris Blastema musculi latissimi dorsi Blastemata musculorum rhomboideorum FIPAT.library.dal.ca Coeloschisis TE2, Part 2 Endnote 195 Endnote 196 Endnote 197 Endnote 198 Defective formation Celoschisis Umbilical eventration Dorsal muscle primordium 85 2252 Blastema musculi levatoris scapulae Blastema musculi serrati anterioris Blastema musculi teretis majoris Blastema musculi subscapularis Blastemata musculorum supraspinati et infraspinati Primordium musculare ventrale Blastemata in compartimento anteriore brachii Blastemata in compartimento anteriore antebrachii Blastemata musculorum manus Blastema of levator scapulae Blastema of levator scapulae Blastema of serratus anterior Blastema of teres major Blastema of subscapularis Blastemata of supraspinatus and infraspinatus Ventral muscle mass Blastemata in anterior compartment of arm Blastemata in anterior compartment of orearm Blastemata of muscles of hand Blastema of serratus anterior Blastema of teres major Blastema of subscapularis Blastemata of supraspinatus and infraspinatus Ventral muscle mass Blastemata in anterior compartment of arm Blastemata in anterior compartment of orearm Blastemata of muscles of hand Myotomi membri inferioris Primordium musculare dorsale Blastemata in compartimento anteriore femoris Blastemata in compartimento anteriore cruris Blastema musculi tensoris fasciae latae Blastema capitis brevis musculi bicipitis femoris Blastemata in compartimento laterale cruris Blastema musculorum dorsalium pedis Blastemata musculorum gluteorum maximi, medii et minimi Blastema musculi piriformis Blastemata musculi iliopsoatis Lower limb myotomes Dorsal muscle mass Blastemata in anterior compartment of thigh Blastemata in anterior compartment of leg Blastema of tensor fasciae latae Lower limb myotomes Dorsal muscle mass Blastemata in anterior compartment of thigh Blastemata in anterior compartment of leg Blastema of tensor fasciae latae Blastema of short head of biceps femoris Blastemata in lateral compartment of leg Blastema of dorsal muscles of foot Blastema of short head of biceps femoris Blastemata in lateral compartment of leg Blastema of dorsal muscles of foot Blastemata of gluteus maximus, medius and minimus Blastema of piriformis Blastemata of iliopsoas Blastemata of gluteus maximus, medius and minimus Blastema of piriformis Blastemata of iliopsoas 2278 Primordium musculare ventrale Blastemata in compartimento mediale femoris Blastemata in compartimento posteriore femoris Blastemata in compartimento posteriore cruris Blastemata musculorum plantarium pedis Blastema musculorum obturatorii interni et gemellorum Blastema musculi quadrati femoris Ventral muscle mass Blastemata in medial compartment of thigh Blastemata in posterior compartment of thigh Blastemata in posterior compartment of leg Blastemata of plantar muscles of foot Blastema of obturator internus and gemelli Blastema of quadratus femoris Ventral muscle mass Blastemata in medial compartment of thigh Blastemata in posterior compartment of thigh Blastemata in posterior compartment of leg Blastemata of plantar muscles of foot Blastema of obturator internus and gemelli Blastema of quadratus femoris 2279 Diaphragma Diaphragm Diaphragm 2253 2254 2255 2256 2257 2258 2259 2260 2261 2262 2263 2264 2265 2266 2267 2268 2269 2270 2271 2272 2273 2274 2275 2276 2277 FIPAT.library.dal.ca TE2, Part 2 Ventral muscle primordium Dorsal muscle primordium Blastema of tensor of fascia lata Ventral muscle primordium Endnote 199 Endnote 199 Endnote 200 86 2280 2281 2282 2283 2284 2285 2286 2287 2288 2289 2290 2291 2292 2293 2294 2295 2296 2297 2298 2299 2300 2301 2302 2303 2304 2305 2306 2307 2308 2309 2310 2311 2312 2313 2314 2315 2316 2317 Septum transversum Pars diaphragmatica septi transversi Pars pleuroperitonealis diaphragmatis Pars parietalis diaphragmatis Diaphragma membranaceum Septum transversum Diaphragmatic part of septum transversum Pleuroperitoneal part of diaphragm Septum transversum Diaphragmatic part of septum transversum Pleuroperitoneal part of diaphragm Body wall part of diaphragm Membranous diaphragm Body wall part of diaphragm Membranous diaphragm ANOMALIAE MUSCULORUM Massa premuscularis Subdivisio aucta massae premuscularis Subdivisio deminuta premuscularis Subdivisio anomala massae premuscularis Subdivisio partialis musculi Subdivisio totalis musculi Musculus duplicatus Musculus anomalus Musculus supernumerarius Musculi coacti Fasciculus intermuscularis accessorius Hyperplasia musculi Hypoplasia musculi Aplasia musculi Pars musculi absens Caput musculi absens Caput musculi supernumerarium Fasciculus musculi absens Fasciculus musculi supernumerarius Fasciculus musculi accessorius Origo musculi extensa Insertio musculi extensa Fasciculus originis accessorius Origo musculi deminuta Insertio musculi deminuta Origo accessoria musculi Insertio accessoria musculi Lamellatio musculi Insertio tendinis anomala Intersectio tendinis anomala Tendo fissus Anomaliae diaphragmatis ANOMALIES OF MUSCLES Premuscle mass Increased subdivision ANOMALIES OF MUSCLES Premuscle mass Increased subdivision FIPAT.library.dal.ca Duplicatio musculi Decreased subdivision Decreased subdivision Abnormal subdivision Abnormal subdivision Partial muscle subdivision Complete muscle subdivision Muscle duplication Anomalous muscle Supernumerary muscle Fused muscles Intermuscular slip Partial muscle subdivision Complete muscle subdivision Muscle duplication Anomalous muscle Supernumerary muscle Fused muscles Intermuscular slip Muscle hyperplasia Muscle hypoplasia Complete muscle absence Partial muscle absence Absent muscle head Supernumerary muscle head Absent muscle slip Supernumerary muscle slip Muscle hyperplasia Muscle hypoplasia Complete muscle absence Partial muscle absence Absent muscle head Supernumerary muscle head Absent muscle slip Supernumerary muscle slip Accessory muscle slip Extended muscle origin Extended muscle insertion Additional slip of origin Reduced muscle origin Reduced muscle insertion Accessory muscle origin Accessory muscle insertion Muscle lamellation Anomalous tendinous insertion Anomalous tendinous intersection Cleft tendon Anomalies of diaphragm Accessory muscle slip Extended muscle origin Extended muscle insertion Additional slip of origin Reduced muscle origin Reduced muscle insertion Accessory muscle origin Accessory muscle insertion Muscle lamellation Anomalous tendinous insertion Anomalous tendinous intersection Cleft tendon Anomalies of diaphragm TE2, Part 2 87 2318 2319 2320 2321 2322 2323 2324 2325 2326 2327 2328 2329 2330 2331 2332 2333 2334 2335 2336 2337 2338 2339 2340 2341 2342 2343 2344 2345 2346 2347 2348 2349 2350 2351 2352 2353 2354 2355 2356 2357 2358 2359 Trigonum vertebrocostale Herniae diaphragmaticae congenitae Hernia posterolateralis Hernia sternocostalis Hernia hiatalis Hernia fluitans hiatus Hernia fluitans oesophagi Vertebrocostal trigone Congenital diaphragmatic hernias Posterolateral hernia Sternocostal hernia Hiatus hernia Sliding hiatus hernia Vertebrocostal trigone Congenital diaphragmatic hernias Posterolateral hernia Sternocostal hernia Hiatus hernia Sliding hiatus hernia Hernia hiatalis paraoesophagea Oesophagus brevis congenitus Eventratio diaphragmatis Para-oesophageal hiatal hernia Congenital short oesophagus Eventration of the diaphragm Congenital short esophagus Eventration of the diaphragm Facies Face Face Ectoderma embryonicum Epidermis Periderma Epitrichium Mesoderma Zona ectodermatis facialis Zona ectodermatis frontonasalis Mesoderma paraxiale Mesoderma prechordale Mesenchyma pharyngomericum Ectomesenchyma Mesoderma paraxiale Placoda epipharyngea Stomodeum Membrana oropharyngea Processus frontonasalis Prominentia frontalis Placoda nasalis Fovea nasalis Saccus nasalis Pinna nasalis Prominentia nasalis medialis Prominentia nasalis lateralis Naris Septum nasi Membrana oronasalis Obturamentum epitheliale nasale Arcus mandibularis Arcus hyoideus Processus maxillaris Processus mandibularis Crescentia rostralis faciei FIPAT.library.dal.ca Mesenchyma cristae neuralis Stomatodeum Membrana buccopharyngea Prominentia frontonasalis Processus frontalis Placoda olfactoria Processus nasalis medialis Processus nasalis lateralis Prominentia maxillaris Prominentia mandibularis Embryonic ectoderm Epidermis Periderm Epitrichium Mesoderm Facial ectodermal zone Frontonasal ectodermal zone Paraxial mesoderm Prechordal mesoderm Pharyngomeric mesenchyme Ectomesenchyme Paraxial mesoderm Epipharyngeal placode Stomodeum Oropharyngeal membrane Frontonasal process Frontal prominence Nasal placode Nasal pit Nasal sac Nasal fin Medial nasal prominence Lateral nasal prominence Naris Nasal septum Oronasal membrane Nasal epithelial plug Mandibular arch Hyoid arch Maxillary process Mandibular process Rostral growth of face TE2, Part 2 Paraesophageal hiatal hernia Embryonic ectoderm Epidermis Periderm Epitrichium Mesoderm Facial ectodermal zone Frontonasal ectodermal zone Paraxial mesoderm Prechordal mesoderm Pharyngomeric mesenchyme Ectomesenchyme Paraxial mesoderm Epipharyngeal placode Stomodeum Oropharyngeal membrane Frontonasal process Frontal prominence Nasal placode Nasal pit Nasal sac Nasal fin Medial nasal prominence Lateral nasal prominence Naris Nasal septum Oronasal membrane Nasal epithelial plug Mandibular arch Hyoid arch Maxillary process Mandibular process Rostral growth of face Parasternal hernia §Foramen of Bochdalek hernia§ §Foramen of Morgagni hernia§ Sliding hernia of oesophagus; Sliding hernia of esophagus See also Exernal ear and Nose Neural crest mesenchyme Buccopharyngeal membrane Frontonasal prominence Frontal process Olfactory placode Endnote 201 Medial nasal process Lateral nasal process Maxillary prominence Mandibular prominence 88 2360 2361 2362 2363 2364 2365 2366 2367 2368 2369 2370 Crescentia transversa faciei Crescentia longitudinalis faciei Primordium labii Primordium buccae Primordium gingivae Sulcus nasomaxillaris Sulcus nasolacrimalis Lamina lacrimalis Blastema glandulae lacrimalis Sulcus interorbitalis Lig. interorbitale Transverse growth of face Longitudinal growth of face Primordium of lip Primordium of cheek Primordium of gum Nasomaxillary groove Nasolacrimal groove Lacrimal lamina Blastema of lacrimal gland Interorbital groove Interorbital ligament Transverse growth of face Longitudinal growth of face Primordium of lip Primordium of cheek Primordium of gum Nasomaxillary groove Nasolacrimal groove Lacrimal lamina Blastema of lacrimal gland Interorbital groove Interorbital ligament 2371 2372 2373 2374 2375 Labium oris Lamina labiogingivalis Primordium labii Labium fetale et neonatale Pars labialis musculi orbicularis oris Pars cutanea labii Pars glabra labii Pars intermedia labii Philtrum Arcus cupidinis Margo vermilionis Fissura labialis Pars villosa labii Villus labialis transiens Torus labialis Pars mucosa labii Lip Vestibular lamina Primordium of lip Fetal and neonatal lip Labial part of orbicularis oris Lip Vestibular lamina Primordium of lip Fetal and neonatal lip Labial part of orbicularis oris Cutaneous part of lip Glabrous part of lip Transition part of lip Philtrum Cupid’s bow Vermilion border Labial fissure Villous part of lip Transient labial villus Torus labialis Mucosal part of lip Cutaneous part of lip Glabrous part of lip Transition part of lip Philtrum Cupid’s bow Vermilion border Labial fissure Villous part of lip Transient labial villus Torus labialis Mucosal part of lip 2388 2389 2390 2391 2392 2393 2394 2395 2396 2397 2398 2399 Anomaliae et variationes faciei et craniofaciales Aprosopia Diprosopia Fissura facialis obliqua Fissura mediana faciei Fissura transversa faciei Fissura mandibulae Facies lata Facies angusta Facies duplex Facies longa Facies brevis Glabella prominens Facial and craniofacial anomalies and variations Aprosopy Diprosopy Oblique facial cleft Median facial cleft Transverse facial cleft Cleft mandible Broad face Narrow face Duplicated face Long face Short face Prominent glabella Facial and craniofacial anomalies and variations Aprosopy Diprosopy Oblique facial cleft Median facial cleft Transverse facial cleft Cleft mandible Broad face Narrow face Duplicated face Long face Short face Prominent glabella 2400 Ablepharon Ablepharia Ablepharia 2376 2377 2378 2379 2380 2381 2382 2383 2384 2385 2386 2387 FIPAT.library.dal.ca Sulcus lacrimalis Prosoposchisis Ablepharia TE2, Part 2 Lacrimal groove Endnote 202 Endnote 203 Endnote 204 Labiogingival lamina Endnote 205 Vermilion part of lip Lateral facial cleft Gnathoschisis Janus deformity 89 2401 2402 2403 2404 2405 2406 2407 2408 2409 2410 2411 2412 2413 2414 2415 2416 2417 2418 2419 2420 2421 2422 2423 2424 2425 2426 2427 2428 Agenesis palpebrae Ptosis Coloboma palpebrae Epicanthus Epicanthus inversus Cystis congenita palpebrae Palpebra undulata Fissura palpebrae longa Fissura palpebrae brevis Fissura palpebrae procliva Fissura palpebrae accliva Lagophthalmia Glandulae tarsals absentes Punctum lacrimale absens Ankyloblepharum Supercilium absens Blepharochalasis Blepharophimosis Blepharosynechia Ectopia puncti lacrimalis Ectropion palpebrae Entropion palpebrae Epiblepharum Euryblepharum Telecanthus Agenesis ciliorum palpebrae Cilia palpebrae ectopica Ordo supernumerarius ciliorum palpebrae Agenesis of eyelid Ptosis Cleft eyelid Epicanthus Epicanthus inversus Congenital cyst of eyelid Beaded eyelid Long palpebral fissure Short palpebral fissure Downslanted palpebral fissure Upslanted palpebral fissure Lagophthalmos Absent tarsal glands Absent lacrimal punctum Ankyloblepharia Absent eyebrow Blepharochalasis Blepharophimosis Blepharosynechia Ectopic lacrimal punctum Palpebral ectropion Palpebral entropion Epiblepharon Euryblepharon Telecanthus Agenesis of eyelashes Ectopic eyelashes Supernumerary row of eyelashes Agenesis of eyelid Ptosis Cleft eyelid Epicanthus Epicanthus inversus Congenital cyst of eyelid Beaded eyelid Long palpebral fissure Short palpebral fissure Downslanted palpebral fissure Upslanted palpebral fissure Lagophthalmos Absent tarsal glands Absent lacrimal punctum Ankyloblepharia Absent eyebrow Blepharochalasis Blepharophimosis Blepharosynechia Ectopic lacrimal punctum Palpebral ectropion Palpebral entropion Epiblepharon Euryblepharon Telecanthus Agenesis of eyelashes Ectopic eyelashes Supernumerary row of eyelashes 2429 2430 2431 2432 2433 2434 2435 2436 2437 2438 2439 2440 2441 2442 Nasus Nasus absens Hemiaplasia nasi Nasus bifidus Proboscis Nasus longus Nasus brevis Nasus latus Nasus angustus Sinus nasi Fissura alae nasi Naris singularis Naris supernumeraria Cartilago nasi absens Nose Absent nose Nasal hemiaplasia Bifid nose Proboscis Long nose Short nose Wide nose Narrow nose Nasal sinus Cleft ala nasi Single naris Supernumerary naris Absent nasal cartilage Nose Absent nose Nasal hemiaplasia Bifid nose Proboscis Long nose Short nose Wide nose Narrow nose Nasal sinus Cleft ala nasi Single naris Supernumerary naris Absent nasal cartilage 2443 Labia Lips Lips FIPAT.library.dal.ca Ankyloblepharon; Ankyloblepharia Atrichia Epiblepharon Euryblepharon TE2, Part 2 Palpebral coloboma Eyelid senechiae Blepharostenosis Atrichia of eyelashes 90 2444 2445 2446 2447 2448 2449 2450 2451 2452 2453 2454 2455 Sinus medianus philtri Rima oralis longa Rima oralis brevis Os duplex Labium duplex Frenulum oris accessorium Synechia oralis Angulus oris acclivus Angulus oris proclivus Fovea commissurae labialis Fovea labii oris Arcus cupidinis absens 2456 2457 2458 2459 2460 2461 2462 2463 2464 2465 Auris Ectopia auris Anotia Synotia Macrotia Microtia Polyotia Otocephalia Atresia meatus acustici externi Hypoplasia meatus acustici externi 2466 2467 Stenosis meatus acustici externi Meatus acusticus externus subdivisus Appendix auricularis Appendix preauricularis Fistula auricularis Unculus preauricularis Sinus preauricularis Fovea preauricularis Fistula preauricularis Cystis preauricularis Lobulus auricularis bifidus Pretragus ectopicus 2468 2469 2470 2471 2472 2473 2474 2475 2476 2477 2478 2479 2480 2481 2482 2483 2484 Anomaliae et variationes crescentiae auriculae Cryptotia Unculus auricularis Fovea auricularis Fossula auricularis Antihelix absens Crus accessorium antihelicis FIPAT.library.dal.ca Auris ectopica Ligula preauricularis Coloboma lobuli Midline sinus of philtrum Wide oral fissure Narrow oral fissure Duplicated mouth Double lip Accessory oral frenulum Oral synechia Upturned oral angle Downturned oral angle Labial commissural pit Labial pit Absent Cupid’s bow Midline sinus of philtrum Wide oral fissure Narrow oral fissure Duplicated mouth Double lip Accessory oral frenulum Oral synechia Upturned oral angle Downturned oral angle Labial commissural pit Labial pit Absent Cupid’s bow Ear Ectopic ear Anotia Synotia Macrotia Microtia Polyotia Otocephaly External acoustic meatus atresia External acoustic meatus hypoplasia External acoustic meatus stenosis Subdivided external acoustic meatus Auricular appendage Pre-auricular appendage Auricular fistula Pre-auricular tag Pre-auricular sinus Pre-auricular pit Pre-auricular fistula Pre-auricular cyst Bifid lobule Pretragal ectopia Ear Ectopic ear Anotia Synotia Macrotia Microtia Polyotia Otocephaly External acoustic meatus atresia External acoustic meatus hypoplasia External acoustic meatus stenosis Subdivided external acoustic meatus Auricular appendage Preauricular appendage Auricular fistula Preauricular tag Preauricular sinus Preauricular pit Preauricular fistula Preauricular cyst Bifid lobule Pretragal ectopia Anomalies and variations of auricle Cryptotia Auricular tag Auricular pit Auricular dimple Absent antihelix Additional crus of antihelix Anomalies and variations of auricle Cryptotia Auricular tag Auricular pit Auricular dimple Absent antihelix Additional crus of antihelix TE2, Part 2 Cleft lobule 91 2485 2486 2487 2488 2489 2490 2491 2492 2493 2494 2495 2496 2497 2498 2499 2500 2501 2502 2503 2504 2505 Tragus bifidus Tragus absens Tragus duplicatus Antitragus bifidus Aplasia antitragi Antitragus absens Plica conchae accessoria Auricula absens focaliter Auricula longa Auricula brevis Auricula demissa Auricula gibba Helix scissa Crus helicis absens Incisura helicis Tuberculum helicis Fovea helicis posterior Lobus auris absens Lobus scissus auris Lobus adjunctus auris Auris perpendens auris Bifid tragus Absent tragus Duplicated tragus Bifid antitragus Everted antitragus Absent antitragus Extra conchal fold Focal absence of ear Long ear Short ear Low-set ear Protruding ear Cleft helix Absent crus of helix Helix notch Helix tubercle Posterior pit of helix Absent lobe Cleft lobe Attached lobe Lop ear Bifid tragus Absent tragus Duplicated tragus Bifid antitragus Everted antitragus Absent antitragus Extra conchal fold Focal absence of ear Long ear Short ear Lowset ear Protruding ear Cleft helix Absent crus of helix Helix notch Helix tubercle Posterior pit of helix Absent lobe Cleft lobe Attached lobe Lop ear 2506 Syndromes involving face Syndromes involving face 2507 2508 Syndromata pertinentia ad faciem Dysostosis craniofacialis Dysostosis mandibulofacialis Craniofacial dysostosis Mandibulofacial dysostosis Craniofacial dysostosis Mandibulofacial dysostosis §Crouzon§ §Treacher-Collins§ 2509 Dysplasia faciodigitogenitalis Faciodigitogenital dysplasia Faciodigitogenital dysplasia §Aaskog-Scott§ 2510 Familial fibrous dysplasia of jaw Familial fibrous dysplasia of jaw 2516 Dysplasia familiaris fibrosa mandibularis Dysplasia frontonasalis Dysplasia craniofrontonasalis Hypertelorismus ocularis Hypotelorismus ocularis Paralysis congenita abducentofacialis Sequentia mandibulolinguopalatina Frontonasal dysplasia Craniofrontonasal dysplasia Ocular hypertelorism Ocular hypotelorism Congenital abducens-facial paralysis Mandibulolinguopalatal sequence Frontonasal dysplasia Craniofrontonasal dysplasia Ocular hypertelorism Ocular hypotelorism Congenital abducens facial paralysis Mandibulolinguopalatal sequence 2517 Spectrum facioauriculovertebrale Facio-auriculovertebral spectrum Facioauriculovertebral spectrum 2518 2519 Syndroma blepharocheilodonticum Syndromata arcus pharyngei primi Blepharocheilodontic syndrome First pharyngeal arch syndromes Blepharocheilodontic syndrome First pharyngeal arch syndromes 2520 Systema digestorium Alimentary system Alimentary system 2511 2512 2513 2514 2515 2521 Nomina generalia FIPAT.library.dal.ca Cherubismus General terms TE2, Part 2 §Darwin§ §Darwin§ Cherubism §Greig/Opitz§ §Möbius§ §Pierre-Robin§ §Goldenhar§ BCD General terms 92 2522 2523 2524 2525 2526 2527 2528 2529 2530 2531 2532 2533 2534 2535 2536 2537 2538 2539 2540 2541 2542 2543 2544 2545 2546 2547 2548 2549 2550 2551 2552 2553 2554 2555 2556 2557 2558 Primordia systematis digestorii Endoderma vesiculae umbilicalis secundariae Pars proximalis vesiculae umbilicalis secundariae Mesenchyma partis proximalis vesiculae umbilicalis secundariae Pars distalis vesiculae umbilicalis secundariae Lamina prechordalis Membrana oropharyngea Stomatodeum primordiale Primordium preenteri Ostium rostrale enteri Primordium intestini medii Ostium caudale enteri Primordium metenteri Fovea analis Cloaca Membrana cloacalis Primordium urenteri Endoderma sacci vitellini secundarii Pars proximalis sacci vitellini secundarii Mesenchyma partis proximalis sacci vitellini secundarii Pars distalis sacci vitellini secundarii Membrana buccopharyngea Primordium proenteri Primordium intestini postremi; Primordium intestini caudalis Cavitas oris PARS VESTITA INITIALITER ECTODERMATIS SOLUM Stomodeum Vestibulum oris Taenia epithelialis primaria Lamina dentalis Lamina labiogingivalis Sulcus labiogingivalis Vestibulum Processus developmentales glandularum salivatoriarum Morphogenesis Morphogenesis gemmans Morphogenesis ramificans Morphogenesis findens R. primarius pediculi R. secundarius pediculi Ductus intralobularis Canalisatio Tubulus Portio terminalis FIPAT.library.dal.ca Stomatodeum Primordia of alimentary system Secondary umbilical vesicle endoderm Proximal part of secondary umbilical vesicle Mesenchyme of proximal part of secondary umbilical vesicle Distal part of secondary umbilical vesicle Prechordal plate Oropharyngeal membrane Primordial stomodeum Primordium of foregut Rostral intestinal portal Primordium of midgut Caudal intestinal portal Primordium of hindgut Anal pit Cloaca Cloacal membrane Primordium of postcloacal gut Primordia of alimentary system Secondary umbilical vesicle endoderm Proximal part of secondary umbilical vesicle Mesenchyme of proximal part of secondary umbilical vesicle Distal part of secondary umbilical vesicle Prechordal plate Oropharyngeal membrane Primordial stomodeum Primordium of foregut Rostral intestinal portal Primordium of midgut Caudal intestinal portal Primordium of hindgut Anal pit Cloaca Cloacal membrane Primordium of postcloacal gut Oral cavity Oral cavity Oral vestibule Primary epithelial band Dental lamina Vestibular lamina Vestibular sulcus Vestibule Developmental processes in salivary glands Morphogenesis Budding morphogenesis Branching morphogenesis Clefting morphogenesis Primary branch of bud Secondary branch of bud Intralobular duct Canalization Tubule Endpiece Oral vestibule Primary epithelial band Dental lamina Vestibular lamina Vestibular sulcus Vestibule PART INITIALLY COVERED BY ECTODERM ONLY Stomodeum TE2, Part 2 Secondary yolk sac endoderm Proximal part of secondary yolk sac Mesenchyme of proximal part of secondary yolk sac Distal part of secondary yolk sac Endnote 206 Buccopharyngeal membrane Anterior intestinal portal Posterior intestinal portal Endnote 207 Primordium of tailgut; Primordium of endgut PART INITIALLY COVERED BY ECTODERM ONLY Stomodeum Morphogenesis Budding morphogenesis Branching morphogenesis Clefting morphogenesis Primary branch of bud Secondary branch of bud Intralobular duct Canalization Tubule Endpiece Labiogingival lamina Labiogingival sulcus Terminal portion 93 2559 2560 2561 2562 Alveolus Acinus serosus Acinus mucosus Acinus mixtus Alveolus Serous acinus Mucous acinus Mixed acinus Alveolus Serous acinus Mucous acinus Mixed acinus Glandula parotidea Ectoderma maxillomandibulare Lamina basalis subectodermalis Mesenchyma glandulae parotideae presumptivae Sulcus parotideus Gemma glandulae parotideae Gemma elongata glandulae parotideae Morphogenesis gemmans Parotid gland Maxillomandibular ectoderm Subectodermal basal lamina Presumptive parotid mesenchyme Parotid gland Maxillomandibular ectoderm Subectodermal basal lamina Presumptive parotid mesenchyme Parotid groove Parotid gland bud Elongated parotid gland bud Parotid groove Parotid gland bud Elongated parotid gland bud Budding morphogenesis Budding morphogenesis 2577 2578 2579 2580 2581 2582 2583 Bulbus terminalis Acinus mucosus transiens Acinus serosus R. primarius pediculi glandulae parotideae Ductus parotideus Condensatio mesenchymalis glandulae parotideae Fascia parotidea Primordium labii Primordium buccae Primordium gingivae Processus maxillaris Processus mandibularis Frenulum orale Terminal bulb Transient mucous acinus Serous acinus Primary branch of parotid gland bud Parotid duct Condensation of parotid mesenchyme Parotid fascia Primordium of lip Primordium of cheek Primordium of gingiva Maxillary process Mandibular process Buccal frenulum Terminal bulb Transient mucous acinus Serous acinus Primary branch of parotid gland bud Parotid duct Condensation of parotid mesenchyme Parotid fascia Primordium of lip Primordium of cheek Primordium of gingiva Maxillary process Mandibular process Buccal frenulum 2584 Organum juxtaorale Juxta-oral organ Juxtaoral organ 2585 2586 2587 2588 Ectoderma maxillomandibularis Lamina basalis subectodermalis Primordium organi juxtaoralis Primordium organi juxtaoralis invaginatum Primordium organi juxtaoralis disiunctum Chorda juxtaoralis cum lumine Mesenchyma maxillomandibulare Organum juxtaorale encapsulatum Parenchyma axiale Maxillomandibular ectoderm Subectodermal basal lamina Primordium of juxta-oral organ Invaginated primordium of juxta-oral organ Detached primordium of juxtaoral organ Juxta-oral cord with lumen Maxillomandibular mesenchyme Encapsulated juxta-oral organ Maxillomandibular ectoderm Subectodermal basal lamina Primordium of juxtaoral organ Invaginated primordium of juxtaoral organ Detached primordium of juxtaoral organ Juxtaoral cord with lumen Maxillomandibular mesenchyme Encapsulated juxtaoral organ Axial parenchyma Axial parenchyma 2563 2564 2565 2566 2567 2568 2569 2570 2571 2572 2573 2574 2575 2576 2589 2590 2591 2592 2593 FIPAT.library.dal.ca Prominentia maxillaris Prominentia mandibularis TE2, Part 2 Endnote 208 Parotid sheath Maxillary prominence Mandibular prominence §Chievitz§ Endnote 209 94 2594 2595 Cellula externa plana Cellula interna lucida External flat cell Internal clear cell External flat cell Internal clear cell 2596 2597 2598 CAVITAS ORIS PROPRIA Primordium adenohypophysis Saccus adenohypophysialis ORAL CAVITY PROPER Adenohypophysial primordium Adenohypophysial pouch ORAL CAVITY PROPER Adenohypophyseal primordium Adenohypophyseal pouch 2599 2600 2601 2602 2603 2604 2605 2606 2607 2608 Tooth Tooth formation Primary epithelial band Dental lamina Bud stage of odontogenesis Cap stage of odontogenesis Enamel organ Enamel basal lamina Enamel knot Primary enamel knot Tooth Tooth formation Primary epithelial band Dental lamina Bud stage of odontogenesis Cap stage of odontogenesis Enamel organ Enamel basal lamina Enamel knot Primary enamel knot 2623 Dens Odontogenesis Taenia epithelialis primaria Lamina dentalis Status gemmalis odontogenesis Status galearis odontogenesis Organum enameleum Lamina basalis enameli Nodus enameleus Nodus enameleus primarius Nodus enameleus secundarius Dens unicuspidus Dens multicuspidus Papilla dentalis Folliculus dentalis Chorda enamelea Status campanalis odontogenesis Epithelium enameleum externum Pulpa enamelea Stratum intermedium Epithelium enameleum internum Gemma dentis subientis Vestigium laminae dentalis Status serus campanalis odontogenesis Status coronarius 2624 2625 2626 2627 2628 2629 2630 2631 Amelogenesis Preameloblastus Ameloblastus Amelogenesis Tempus secretionis Prisma enameli Tempus maturationis Tempus protectionis 2609 2610 2611 2612 2613 2614 2615 2616 2617 2618 2619 2620 2621 2622 FIPAT.library.dal.ca Secondary enamel knot Reticulum stellatum Secondary enamel knot Unicuspid tooth Multicuspid tooth Dental papilla Dental follicle Enamel cord Early bell stage of odontogenesis Unicuspid tooth Multicuspid tooth Dental papilla Dental follicle Enamel cord Early bell stage of odontogenesis External enamel epithelium Stellate reticulum Stratum intermedium Internal enamel epithelium Successional tooth bud Dental laminal remnant Late bell stage of odontogenesis External enamel epithelium Stellate reticulum Stratum intermedium Internal enamel epithelium Successional tooth bud Dental laminal remnant Late bell stage of odontogenesis Appositional stage of odontogenesis Amelogenesis Pre-ameloblast Ameloblast Amelogenesis Secretory phase Enamel prism Maturation phase Protective phase Appositional stage of odontogenesis Amelogenesis Preameloblast Ameloblast Amelogenesis Secretory phase Enamel prism Maturation phase Protective phase TE2, Part 2 Outer enamel epithelium Inner enamel epithelium §Praenand§ Enamel rod 95 2632 Vagina epithelialis radicis 2633 2634 2635 Diaphragma vaginae radicis Porus vaginae radicis Fragmentum epitheliale 2636 2637 2638 2639 2640 2641 2642 2643 2644 2645 2646 2647 2648 2649 2650 2651 2652 2653 2654 2655 2656 Ectomesenchyma Papilla dentis Pulpa dentis Odontoblastus Dentinogenesis Predentinum Dentinum Dentinum primum Dentinum secundum Dentinum tertium Saccus dentis Cellula periodontalis Cementoblastus Cementogenesis Cementum Fibroblastus periodontalis Lig. periodontale Osteoblastus Alveolus dentalis Epithelium enameleum reductum Cuticula enamelea primaria 2657 2658 2659 2660 2661 2662 2663 2664 2665 2666 Vestigium epithelii enamelei Eruptio dentis Canalis eruptionis Canalis gubernacularis Gubernaculum Dens deciduus Dentitio decidua Dens permanens Dentitio permanens Dentitio mixta 2667 2668 2669 2670 2671 2672 Anomaliae dentium Adamantinoma Anodontia Hypodontia Hyperdontia Oligodontia FIPAT.library.dal.ca Epithelial root sheath Mesenchyma cristae neuralis Epithelial root sheath Root sheath diaphragm Root sheath opening Epithelial rest Root sheath diaphragm Root sheath opening Epithelial rest Ectomesenchyme Dental papilla Dental pulp Odontoblast Dentinogenesis Predentine Dentine Primary dentine Secondary dentine Tertiary dentine Dental sac Periodontal cell Cementoblast Cementogenesis Cement Periodontal fibroblast Periodontal ligament Osteoblast Dental alveolus Reduced enamel epithelium Ectomesenchyme Dental papilla Dental pulp Odontoblast Dentinogenesis Predentin Dentin Primary dentine Secondary dentine Tertiary dentine Dental sac Periodontal cell Cementoblast Cementogenesis Cement Periodontal fibroblast Periodontal ligament Osteoblast Dental alveolus Reduced enamel epithelium Primary enamel cuticle Ameloblastoma Hyperodontia §Malassez§ Epithelial rest of Malassez Dental follicle Tooth socket Primary enamel cuticle Rest of enamel epithelium Tooth eruption Eruption canal Gubernacular canal Gubernaculum Deciduous tooth Deciduous dentition Permanent tooth Permanent dentition Mixed dentition Rest of enamel epithelium Tooth eruption Eruption canal Gubernacular canal Gubernaculum Deciduous tooth Deciduous dentition Permanent tooth Permanent dentition Mixed dentition Anomalies of teeth Adamantinoma Anodontia Hypodontia Hyperdontia Oligodontia Anomalies of teeth Adamantinoma Anodontia Hypodontia Hyperdontia Oligodontia TE2, Part 2 §Hertwig§ Hertwig’s sheath §Nasmyth§ Nasmyth’s membrane Ameloblastoma 96 2673 2674 2675 2676 2677 2678 2679 2680 2681 2682 2683 2684 2685 2686 2687 2688 2689 2690 2691 Polyodontia Mesiodens Polyphyodontia Enameloma Macrodontia Microdontia Rhizomegalia Rhizomicria Taurodontismus Opacitas enameli Extensio cervicalis enameli Concrescentia radicum Conjunctio dentium Germinatio radicum Dens conicalis Dens evaginatus Cuspis aquilina Dens in dente Incisor molariformis 2692 Incisor batilliformis 2693 2694 2695 2696 2697 2698 2699 2700 2701 2702 2703 2704 2705 Ectopia dentis Dens transpositus Dens rotatus Hypoplasia enameli Hypoplasia cementi Aplasia cementi Odontodysplasia regionalis Dentinodysplasia Amelogenesis imperfecta Dentinogenesis imperfecta Odontogenesis imperfecta Dilaceratio Dysplasia ectodermalis hypohydrotica 2706 2707 2708 2709 2710 2711 2712 2713 Anomaliae eruptionis dentalis Eruptio precox Dens connatalis Dens neonatalis Dens impacta Dens reimpacta Dens summersens Eruptio ectopica FIPAT.library.dal.ca Hyperodontia Dens incisivus molariformis; Incisivus molariformis Incivus batilliformis; Dens incisivus batilliformis Dens submergens Polyodontia Mesiodens Polyphyodontia Enameloma Macrodontia Microdontia Rhizomegaly Rhizomicry Taurodontism Enamel opacity Cervical enamel extension Concrescence of roots Fusion of teeth Germinated tooth Conical tooth Dens evaginatus Talon cusp Dens in dente Molarised incisor Polyodontia Mesiodens Polyphyodontia Enameloma Macrodontia Microdontia Rhizomegaly Rhizomicry Taurodontism Enamel opacity Cervical enamel extension Concrescence of roots Fusion of teeth Germinated tooth Conical tooth Dens evaginatus Talon cusp Dens in dente Molarised incisor Shovel incisor Shovel incisor Ectopic tooth Transposition of tooth Rotated tooth Enamel hypoplasia Cement hypoplasia Cement aplasia Regional odontodysplasia Dentine dysplasia Amelogenesis imperfecta Dentinogenesis imperfecta Odontogenesis imperfecta Dilaceration Hypohydrotic ectodermal dysplasia Ectopic tooth Transposition of tooth Rotated tooth Enamel hypoplasia Cement hypoplasia Cement aplasia Regional odontodysplasia Dentin dysplasia Amelogenesis imperfecta Dentinogenesis imperfecta Odontogenesis imperfecta Dilaceration Hypohydrotic ectodermal dysplasia Anomalies of eruption Premature eruption Natal tooth Neonatal tooth Impacted tooth Re-impacted tooth Submerging tooth Ectopic eruption Anomalies of eruption Premature eruption Natal tooth Neonatal tooth Impacted tooth Reimpacted tooth Submerging tooth Ectopic eruption TE2, Part 2 Hyperdontia Dens invaginatus 97 2714 2715 2716 2717 2718 2719 2720 2721 2722 2723 2724 2725 2726 2727 2728 2729 CAVITAS ORONASALIS Primordia palati Palatum primarium Processus frontonasalis Prominentia nasalis medialis Os incisivum Foramen incisivum Palatum secundarium Processus maxillaris Processus palatinus lateralis Palatum durum Palatum molle Velum palatinum Uvula Lamina epithelialis mediana Raphe palatina mediana 2730 2731 2732 Fissurae labiorum et palati Cheiloschisis Cheiloschisis totalis 2733 2734 2735 2736 2737 2738 2739 2740 2741 2742 2743 2744 2745 2746 2747 2748 2749 2750 Cheiloschisis partialis Fissura unilateralis labii superioris Fissura bilateralis labii superioris Fissura mediana labii superioris Dysostosis orodigitofacialis Fissura mediana labii inferioris Palatum fissum Fissura palati primarii Fissura palati secundi Fissura anterior obliqua palati Fissura unilateralis anterior obliqua palati Fissura bilateralis anterior obliqua palati Fissura posterior mediana palati Uvula bifida Fissura submucosa palati PARS INITIALITER VESTITA ECTODERMATIS ET ENDODERMATIS Lingua Primordia linguae FIPAT.library.dal.ca Processus palatinus medianus Prominentia frontonasalis Processus nasalis medialis Premaxilla Palatum definitivum Prominentia maxillaris Processus palatinus secundarius Cheilopalatoschises Schistocheilia; Fissura labialis Schistocheilia totalis; Fissura labialis completa Schistocheilia partialis; Fissura labialis partialis Fissura palatina ORONASAL CAVITY Primordia of palate Primary palate Frontonasal process Medial nasal prominence Intermaxillary segment Incisive foramen Secondary palate Maxillary process Lateral palatine process Hard palate Soft palate Velum palatinum Uvula Median epithelial seam Median palatine raphé ORONASAL CAVITY Primordia of palate Primary palate Frontonasal process Medial nasal prominence Intermaxillary segment Incisive foramen Secondary palate Maxillary process Lateral palatine process Hard palate Soft palate Velum palatinum Uvula Median epithelial seam Median palatine raphé Clefts of lips and palate Cleft lip Complete cleft lip Clefts of lips and palate Cleft lip Complete cleft lip Partial cleft lip Partial cleft lip Unilateral cleft of upper lip Unilateral cleft of upper lip Bilateral cleft of upper lip Median cleft of upper lip Orodigitofacial dysostosis Median cleft of lower lip Cleft palate Cleft primary palate Cleft of secondary palate Anterior oblique cleft of palate Unilateral anterior oblique cleft of palate Bilateral anterior oblique cleft of palate Posterior median cleft of palate Bifid uvula Submucosal cleft of palate Bilateral cleft of upper lip Median cleft of upper lip Orodigitofacial dysostosis Median cleft of lower lip Cleft palate Cleft primary palate Cleft of secondary palate Anterior oblique cleft of palate Unilateral anterior oblique cleft of palate Bilateral anterior oblique cleft of palate Posterior median cleft of palate Bifid uvula Submucosal cleft of palate PART INITIALLY COVERED BY ECTODERM AND ENDODERM PART INITIALLY COVERED BY ECTODERM AND ENDODERM Tongue Tongue primordia Tongue Tongue primordia TE2, Part 2 Median palatal process Frontonasal prominence Medial nasal process Endnote 210 Definitive palate Maxillary prominence Palatal shelf Midline epithelial seam Endnote 211 §Mohr§ 98 2751 2752 Pars distalis linguae Tuberculum linguale laterale 2753 2754 2755 2756 2757 2758 2759 2760 2761 2762 2763 2764 2765 2766 2767 2768 Gemma lingualis mediana Sulcus lingualis medianus Sulcus linguogingivalis Frenulum linguae Sulcus terminalis Foramen caecum linguae Diverticulum thyroideum Pars proximalis linguae Copula Eminentia hypopharyngea Papilla filiformis Papilla foliata Papilla fungiformis Papilla vallata Gemma gustatoria primordialis Gemma gustatoria 2769 2770 2771 2772 2773 2774 2775 2776 2777 Anomaliae linguae Aglossia Ankyloglossia Diglossia Triglossia Glossoschisis Macroglossia Microglossia Naevus spongiosus albus 2778 2779 2780 2781 Distal part of tongue Lateral lingual swelling Distal part of tongue Lateral lingual swelling Median lingual swelling Median lingual sulcus Linguogingival sulcus Lingual frenulum Terminal sulcus Foramen caecum of tongue Thyroid diverticulum Proximal part of tongue Copula Hypopharyngeal eminence Filiform papilla Foliate papilla Fungiform papilla Vallate papilla Primordial taste bud Taste bud Median lingual swelling Median lingual sulcus Linguogingival sulcus Lingual frenulum Terminal sulcus Foramen cecum of tongue Thyroid diverticulum Proximal part of tongue Copula Hypopharyngeal eminence Filiform papilla Foliate papilla Fungiform papilla Vallate papilla Primordial taste bud Taste bud Anomalies of tongue Aglossia Ankyloglossia Bifid tongue Trifid tongue Glossoschisis Macroglossia Microglossia White spongy naevus Anomalies of tongue Aglossia Ankyloglossia Bifid tongue Trifid tongue Glossoschisis Macroglossia Microglossia White spongy nevus Pachyglossia Lingua accessoria Lingua longa Sequentia mandibulolinguopalatina Pachyglossia Accessory tongue Long tongue Mandibulolinguopalatal sequence Pachyglossia Accessory tongue Long tongue Mandibulolinguopalatal sequence 2782 2783 Tonsilla lingua heterotopica Glossitis mediana rhomboidea Heterotopic lingual tonsil Median rhomboid glossitis Heterotopic lingual tonsil Median rhomboid glossitis 2784 PARS INITIALITER VESTITA ENDODERMATIS SOLUM Glandula submandibularis Epithelium linguogingivale Lamina basalis linguogingivalis Mesenchyma glandulae submandibularis presumptivae Sulcus submandibularis PART INITIALLY COVERED WITH ENDODERM ONLY Submandibular gland Linguogingival epithelium Linguogingival basal lamina Presumptive submandibular mesenchyme Submandibular groove PART INITIALLY COVERED WITH ENDODERM ONLY Submandibular gland Linguogingival epithelium Linguogingival basal lamina Presumptive submandibular mesenchyme Submandibular groove 2785 2786 2787 2788 2789 FIPAT.library.dal.ca Caliculus gustatorius Schistoglossia TE2, Part 2 Distal tongue bud; Lateral lingual bud Median lingual bud Tongue tie Cleft tongue Occurs in the lingual mucosa §Cowden§ §Pierre-Robin§ Pierre-Robin symdrome 99 2790 2791 2792 2793 2794 2795 2796 2797 2798 2799 2800 2801 2802 2803 2804 2805 2806 2807 2808 2809 2810 2811 2812 2813 2814 2815 2816 2817 2818 2819 2820 Gemma glandulae submandibularis Gemma elongata glandulae submandibularis R. primarius pediculi Ductus glandulae submandibularis Condensatio mesenchymalis glandulae submandibularis Capsula glandulae submandibularis Epithelium sublinguale Submandibular gland bud Submandibular gland bud Elongated submandibular gland bud Primary branch of bud Submandibular duct Elongated submandibular gland bud Primary branch of bud Submandibular duct Condensation of submandibular mesenchyme Submandibular capsule Condensation of submandibular mesenchyme Submandibular capsule Sublingual epithelium Sublingual epithelium Epithelium linguogingivale Endnote 212 Glandulae sublinguales Glandula sublingualis major Glandula sublingualis minor Lamina basalis sublingualis Mesenchyma presumptivum glandulae sublingualis Sulcus sublingualis Gemma glandulae sublingualis Gemma elongata glandulae sublingualis Acinus mucosus Acinus seromucosus Acinus serosus Acinus mixtus Rr. primarii gemmae Ductus sublingualis major Ductus sublingualis minor Condensatio mesenchymatis glandulae sublingualis Capsula glandulae sublingualis majoris Capsula perfusoria glandulae sublingualis minoris Sublingual glands Major sublingual gland Minor sublingual gland Sublingual basal lamina Presumptive mesenchyme of sublingual gland Sublingual groove Sublingual gland bud Elongated bud of sublingual gland Sublingual glands Major sublingual gland Minor sublingual gland Sublingual basal lamina Presumptive mesenchyme of sublingual gland Sublingual groove Sublingual gland bud Elongated bud of sublingual gland Endnote 213 Mucous acinus Seromucous acinus Serous acinus Mixed acinus Primary branches of bud Major sublingual duct Minor sublingual duct Condensation of sublingual gland mesenchyme Capsule of major sublingual gland Less well-defined capsule of minor sublingual gland Mucous acinus Seromucous acinus Serous acinus Mixed acinus Primary branches of bud Major sublingual duct Minor sublingual duct Condensation of sublingual gland mesenchyme Capsule of major sublingual gland Less well defined capsule of minor sublingual gland Anomaliae glandularum salivarium Aplasia glandulae parotideae Cystis congenita glandulae parotideae Fistula sialocutanea glandulae parotideae Ductus parotideus imperforatus Glandula parotidea accessoria Anomalies of salivary glands Anomalies of salivary glands Aplasia of parotid gland Congenital cyst of parotid gland Aplasia of parotid gland Congenital cyst of parotid gland Sialocutaneous fistula of parotid gland Imperforate parotid duct Accessory parotid gland Sialocutaneous fistula of parotid gland Imperforate parotid duct Accessory parotid gland FIPAT.library.dal.ca TE2, Part 2 100 2821 2822 2823 2824 2825 2826 2827 2828 2829 2830 2831 2832 2833 2834 2835 2836 2837 2838 2839 2840 2841 2842 2843 2844 2845 2846 2847 2848 2849 2850 2851 2852 2853 2854 Aplasia glandulae sublingualis majoris Aplasia glandularum sublingualium Cystis congenita glandulae sublingualis Ductus sublingualis major imperforatus Glandula sublingualis major accessoria Aplasia glandulae submandibularis Cystis congenita glandulae submandibularis Ductus submandibularis imperforatus Ectopia glandulae submandibularis Glandula submandibularis accessoria Aplasia of major sublingual gland Aplasia of major sublingual gland Aplasia of sublingual glands Congenital cyst of sublingual gland Aplasia of sublingual glands Congenital cyst of sublingual gland Imperforate major sublingual duct Imperforate major sublingual duct Accessory major sublingual gland Accessory major sublingual gland Aplasia of submandibular gland Congenital cyst of submandibular gland Imperforate submandibular duct Aplasia of submandibular gland Congenital cyst of submandibular gland Imperforate submandibular duct Ectopic submandibular gland Accessory submandibular gland Ectopic submandibular gland Accessory submandibular gland Pharynx Arcus pharyngei Sulcus pharyngei Membrana pharyngea Pharynx Pharyngeal arch Pharyngeal groove Pharyngeal membrane Pharynx Pharyngeal arch Pharyngeal groove Pharyngeal membrane SACCI PHARYNGEI Saccus pharyngeus primus Recessus tubotympanicus Tuba auditiva Cavitas tympani Antrum mastoideum Saccus pharyngeus secundus Fissura tonsillaris Crypta tonsillae Saccus pharyngeus tertius Pars dorsalis sacci pharyngei tertii Gemma parathyroidea inferior Pars ventralis sacci pharyngei tertii Gemma thymica Epithelium reticulare thymi PHARYNGEAL POUCHES First pharyngeal pouch Tubotympanic recess Pharyngotympanic tube Tympanic cavity Mastoid antrum Second pharyngeal pouch Tonsillar cleft Tonsillar crypt Third pharyngeal pouch Dorsal part of third pharyngeal pouch Inferior parathyroid bud Ventral part of third pharyngeal pouch Thymic bud Reticular epithelium of thymus Medullary duct epithelium of thymus Fourth pharyngeal pouch Dorsal part of fourth pharyngeal pouch Superior parathyroid bud PHARYNGEAL POUCHES First pharyngeal pouch Tubotympanic recess Pharyngotympanic tube Tympanic cavity Mastoid antrum Second pharyngeal pouch Tonsillar cleft Tonsillar crypt Third pharyngeal pouch Dorsal part of third pharyngeal pouch Inferior parathyroid bud Ventral part of third pharyngeal pouch Thymic bud Reticular epithelium of thymus Medullary duct epithelium of thymus Fourth pharyngeal pouch Dorsal part of fourth pharyngeal pouch Superior parathyroid bud Epithelium ductus medullaris thymi Saccus pharyngeus quartus Pars dorsalis sacci pharyngei quarti Gemma parathyroidea superior FIPAT.library.dal.ca Tuba auditoria Fissura intratonsillaris Gemma parathyroidea sacci tertii Gemma parathyroidea sacci quarti TE2, Part 2 Auditory tube Endnote 214 §Eustachius§ Intratonsillar cleft Parathyroid bud from pouch 3 Endnote 215 Parathyroid bud from pouch 4 101 2855 Pars ventralis sacci pharyngei quarti Corpus ultimopharyngeum Diverticulum thyroideum Foramen caecum linguae Ductus thyroglossus Glandula thyroidea Ventral part of fourth pharyngeal pouch Ultimopharyngeal body Thyroid diverticulum Foramen caecum of tongue Thyroglossal duct Thyroid gland Ventral part of fourth pharyngeal pouch Ultimopharyngeal body Thyroid diverticulum Foramen cecum of tongue Thyroglossal duct Thyroid gland 2866 2867 2868 2869 2870 2871 2872 2873 Anomaliae pharyngis Membrana oropharyngea persistens Atresia oropharyngea Atresia nasopharyngea Residua saccorum et sulcorum pharyngeorum Cystis cervicalis Fistula cervicalis Sinus pharyngeus internus Sinus pharyngeus externus Cystis subepiglottica Fistula cervicoauralis Diverticulum pharyngeum Aplasia thymoparathyroidea Anomalies of pharynx Persistent oropharyngeal membrane Oropharyngeal atresia Nasopharyngeal atresia Remnants of pharyngeal pouches and grooves Cervical cyst Cervical fistula Internal pharyngeal sinus External pharyngeal sinus Subepiglottic cyst Cervico-aural fistula Pharyngeal diverticulum Thymoparathyroid aplasia Anomalies of pharynx Persistent oropharyngeal membrane Oropharyngeal atresia Nasopharyngeal atresia Remnants of pharyngeal pouches and grooves Cervical cyst Cervical fistula Internal pharyngeal sinus External pharyngeal sinus Subepiglottic cyst Cervicoaural fistula Pharyngeal diverticulum Thymoparathyroid aplasia Endnote 217 2874 Canalis digestorius Alimentary canal Alimentary canal Endnote 218 2875 PARS INTERNA ENDODERMALIS PARS EXTERNA MESENCHYMA PERICANALE Irruptio cellularum cristae neuralis Cellula interstitialis stimulans Plexus nervosus myentericus Plexus nervosus submucosus externus Plexus nervosus submucosus internus Papilla mesenchymalis Textus muscularis levis Stratum circulare tunicae muscularis Stratum longitudinale tunicae muscularis Lamina muscularis mucosae Lamina propria mucosae Tela submucosa Tunica adventitia ENDODERMAL LINING ENDODERMAL LINING See below SURROUNDING MESENCHYME SURROUNDING MESENCHYME Invasion of neural crest cells Interstitial cell Myenteric plexus Outer submucous plexus Invasion of neural crest cells Interstitial cell Myenteric plexus Outer submucous plexus Inner submucous plexus Inner submucous plexus 2856 2857 2858 2859 2860 2861 2862 2863 2864 2865 2876 2877 2878 2879 2880 2881 2882 2883 2884 2885 2886 2887 2888 2889 FIPAT.library.dal.ca Canalis oesophagogastrointestinalis Mesenchymal papilla Smooth muscle tissue Circular muscle layer Endnote 216 §DiGeorge§ Pacemaker cell §Cajal§ §Auerbach§ §Schabadasch§ §Meissner§ Mesenchymal papilla Smooth muscle tissue Circular muscle layer Longitudinal muscle layer Muscularis mucosae Lamina propria Submucous coat Adventitial layer Longitudinal muscle layer Muscularis mucosae Lamina propria Submucous coat Adventitial layer TE2, Part 2 Adventitial coat 102 2901 2902 2903 2904 2905 Oesophagus Preenteron Primordium oesophagi Epithelium endodermale Epithelium simplex columnare Cellula nonciliata Epithelium stratificatum columnare Cellula nonciliata Cellula ciliata Cellula clara cum glycogeno Epithelium pseudostratificatum columnare Cellula nonciliata Cellula ciliata Cellula clara cum glycogeno Vacuola epithelialis Lumen occlusum 2906 2907 Mesenchyma splanchnopleurale Mesooesophagus dorsalis fugax 2908 Mesooesophagus ventralis fugax 2909 2910 2911 Tertiarium superius oesophagi Irruptio a myoblastis somiticis Textus muscularis striatus visceralis noncardiacus Stratum circulare tunicae muscularis Stratum longitudinale tunicae muscularis Cranial third of oesophagus Invasion by somitic myoblasts Noncardiac visceral striated muscle tissue Circular muscle layer Cranial third of esophagus Invasion by somitic myoblasts Noncardiac visceral striated muscle tissue Circular muscle layer Longitudinal muscle layer Longitudinal muscle layer Tertiarium medium oesophagi Tertiarium inferius oesophagi Textus muscularis levis Stratum circulare tunicae muscularis Stratum longitudinale tunicae muscularis Middle third of oesophagus Caudal third of oesophagus Smooth muscle tissue Circular muscle layer Middle third of esophagus Caudal third of esophagus Smooth muscle tissue Circular muscle layer Longitudinal muscle layer Longitudinal muscle layer Oesophagus definitivus Epithelium stratificatum squamosum noncornificatum Glandula cardialis oesophagi Glandula oesophagea propria Definitive oesophagus Nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium Oesophageal cardial gland Oesophageal gland proper 2890 2891 2892 2893 2894 2895 2896 2897 2898 2899 2900 2912 2913 2914 2915 2916 2917 2918 2919 2920 2921 2922 FIPAT.library.dal.ca Proenteron Oesophagus Foregut Primordium of oesophagus Endodermal epithelium Simple columnar epithelium Nonciliated cell Stratified columnar epithelium Nonciliated cell Ciliated cell Clear glycogen-containing cell Pseudostratified columnar epithelium Nonciliated cell Ciliated cell Clear glycogen-containing cell Epithelial vacuole Occluded lumen Esophagus Foregut Primordium of esophagus Endodermal epithelium Simple columnar epithelium Nonciliated cell Stratified columnar epithelium Nonciliated cell Ciliated cell Clear glycogen containing cell Pseudostratified columnar epithelium Nonciliated cell Ciliated cell Clear glycogen containing cell Epithelial vacuole Occluded lumen Splanchnopleuric mesenchyme Transient dorsal mesooesophagus Transient ventral mesooesophagus Splanchnopleuric mesenchyme Transient dorsal mesoesophagus TE2, Part 2 Transient ventral mesoesophagus Definitive esophagus Nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium Esophageal cardial gland Esophageal gland proper 103 2923 Tunica adventitia Adventitial layer Adventitial layer 2924 2925 2926 2927 2928 2929 2930 2931 2932 2933 2934 2935 2936 2937 2938 2939 2940 Anomalies of oesophagus Short oesophagus Long oesophagus Tracheo-oesophageal fistula Oesophageal web Oesophageal ring Cartilaginous oesophageal ring Mucosal oesophageal ring Oesophageal stenosis Oesophageal atresia Oesophageal duplication Oesophageal diverticulum Achalasia Chalasia Mega-oesophagus Enterogenous cyst Mediastinal dorsal enteric cyst Anomalies of esophagus Short esophagus Long oesophagus Tracheoesophageal fistula Esophageal web Esophageal ring Cartilaginous esophageal ring Mucosal esophageal ring Esophageal stenosis Esophageal atresi Esophageal duplication Esophageal diverticulum Achalasia Chalasia Megaesophagus Enterogenous cyst Mediastinal dorsal enteric cyst 2941 Anomaliae oesophagi Brachyoesophagus Dolichooesophagus Fistula tracheooesophagea Trama oesophagi Anulus oesophagi Anulus oesophagi cartilagineus Anulus oesophagi mucosus Stenosis oesophagi Atresia oesophagi Duplicatio oesophagi Diverticulum oesophagi Achalasia Chalasia Megaoesophagus Cystis enterogenica Cystis enterica dorsalis mediastinalis Mucosa oesophagi heterotopica Heterotopic oesophageal mucosa Heterotopic esophageal mucosa 2942 2943 2944 2945 2946 2947 2948 2949 2950 2951 2952 2953 Gaster Preenteron Primordium gastris Gaster fusiformis Mesogastrium dorsale primordiale Curvatura major presumptiva Mesogastrium ventrale primordiale Curvatura minor presumptiva Pars pylorica gastris Cardia Fundus gastricus Corpus gastricus Stomach Foregut Primordium of stomach Fusiform stomach Primordial dorsal mesogastrium Presumptive greater curvature Primordial ventral mesogastrium Presumptive lesser curvature Pyloric part of stomach Cardial part of stomach Fundus of stomach Body of stomach Stomach Foregut Primordium of stomach Fusiform stomach Primordial dorsal mesogastrium Presumptive greater curvature Primordial ventral mesogastrium Presumptive lesser curvature Pyloric part of stomach Cardial part of stomach Fundus of stomach Body of stomach 2954 2955 2956 Histogenesis Epithelium endodermale Epithelium pseudostratificatum columnare Foveola endoepithelialis gastrica Mucocytus superficialis Foveola exoepithelialis gastrica primordialis Divisio foveolae gastricae primordialis Papilla mesenchymalis Histogenesis Endodermal epithelium Pseudostratified columnar epithelium Endo-epithelial gastric pit Superficial mucous cell Exo-epithelial primordial gastric pit Histogenesis Endodermal epithelium Pseudostratified columnar epithelium Endoepithelial gastric pit Superficial mucous cell Exoepithelial primordial gastric pit Division of primordial gastric pit Division of primordial gastric pit Mesenchymal papilla Mesenchymal papilla 2957 2958 2959 2960 2961 FIPAT.library.dal.ca Proenteron Pars cardialis gastris TE2, Part 2 Adventitial coat §Schatski§ Histogeny 104 2962 Stratum circulare tunicae muscularis Fibrae obliquae tunicae muscularis Circular muscle layer Circular muscle layer Oblique muscle fibres Oblique muscle fibres Glandula gastrica propria Foveola exoepithelialis gastrica primordialis Cellula nondifferentiata Exocrinocytus parietalis primordialis Elongatio glandulae Differentiatio cellularum glandulae gastricae Exocrinocytus cervicalis Exocrinocytus principalis Exocrinocytus parietalis Canaliculus intracellularis Endocrinocytus gastrointestinalis Gastric gland proper Exo-epithelial primordial gastric pit Gastric gland proper Exoepithelial primordial gastric pit Glandula pylorica Foveola exoepithelialis gastrica primordialis Mucocytus glandulae pyloricae Pyloric gland Exo-epithelial primordial gastric pit Pyloric gland Exoepithelial primordial gastric pit Pyloric mucous cell Pyloric mucous cell Cardial gland Exo-epithelial primordial gastric pit Cardial gland Exoepithelial primordial gastric pit 2980 Glandula cardialis Foveola exoepithelialis gastrica primordialis Exocrinocytus glandulae cardialis Cardial mucous cell Cardial mucous cell 2981 Sphincter pylori Pyloric sphincter Pyloric sphincter 2982 2983 2984 2985 2986 2987 2988 2989 2990 2991 2992 2993 2994 Anomaliae gastris Atresia gastris Atresia membranacea Atresia pylori Constrictio gastris Gaster dexter Inversio gastris Cystis gastris Diverticulum gastris Ectopia mucosae gastricae Gaster duplicatus Cystis duplicationis Gaster thoracicus Stomach anomalies Gastric atresia Membranous atresia Pyloric atresia Hourglass stomach Right-sided stomach Gastric inversion Gastric cyst Gastric diverticulum Ectopic gastric mucosa Duplication of stomach Duplication cyst Thoracic stomach Stomach anomalies Gastric atresia Membranous atresia Pyloric atresia Hourglass stomach Right sided stomach Gastric inversion Gastric cyst Gastric diverticulum Ectopic gastric mucosa Duplication of stomach Duplication cyst Thoracic stomach 2963 2964 2965 2966 2967 2968 2969 2970 2971 2972 2973 2974 2975 2976 2977 2978 2979 FIPAT.library.dal.ca Undifferentiated cell Primordial parietal cell Heterotopia mucosae gastricae Undifferentiated cell Primordial parietal cell Elongation of gland Gastric gland cell differentiation Elongation of gland Gastric gland cell differentiation Neck cell of gastric gland Principal cell of gastric gland Parietal cell of gastric gland Intracellular canaliculus Entero-endocrine cell Neck cell of gastric gland Principal cell of gastric gland Parietal cell of gastric gland Intracellular canaliculus Enteroendocrine cell TE2, Part 2 Mucous neck cell Zymogenic cell Oxyntic cell Gastro-enteropancreatic cell; Gastroenteropancreatic cell;GEP endocrine cell Heterotopic gastric mucosa 105 2995 2996 2997 2998 Lumen obliteratum Microgastria Stenosis pylori Anomaliae musculorum Obliterated lumen Microgastria Pyloric stenosis Anomalous musculature Obliterated lumen Microgastria Pyloric stenosis Anomalous musculature 2999 3000 3001 3002 3003 3004 3005 3006 3007 3011 3012 3013 3014 3015 3016 3017 Duodenum Pars preenteralis duodeni Pars mesenteronica duodeni Duodenum primordiale Positio intraperitonealis Mesoduodenum dorsale Mesoduodenum ventrale Dextrorotatio duodeni Mesoduodenum fusum cum peritoneo parietale dorsale Positio intraperitonealis duodeni proximalis Positio retroperitonealis duodeni intermedii Positio intraperitonealis duodeni distalis Ansa duodenalis Diverticulum hepaticum Gemma hepatopancreatica Gemma pancreatica ventralis Gemma pancreatica dorsalis Papilla duodenalis Ampulla hepatopancreatica Duodenum Foregut part of duodenum Midgut part of duodenum Primordial duodenum Intraperitoneal position Dorsal mesoduodenum Ventral mesoduodenum Dextrorotation of duodenum Mesoduodenum fused with dorsal parietal peritoneum Intraperitoneal position of proximal duodenum Retroperitoneal position of intermediate duodenum Intraperitoneal position of distal duodenum Duodenal loop Hepatic diverticulum Hepatopancreatic bud Ventral pancreatic bud Dorsal pancreatic bud Duodenal papilla Hepatopancreatic ampulla Duodenum Foregut part of duodenum Midgut part of duodenum Primordial duodenum Intraperitoneal position Dorsal mesoduodenum Ventral mesoduodenum Dextrorotation of duodenum Mesoduodenum fused with dorsal parietal peritoneum Intraperitoneal position of proximal duodenum Retroperitoneal position of intermediate duodenum Intraperitoneal position of distal duodenum Duodenal loop Hepatic diverticulum Hepatopancreatic bud Ventral pancreatic bud Dorsal pancreatic bud Duodenal papilla Hepatopancreatic ampulla 3018 3019 3020 3021 3022 3023 3024 3025 Histogenesis Epithelium endodermale Epithelium simplex columnare Epithelium stratificatum columnare Acervatio cellularum epithelialium Lumen duodeni obturatum Vacuola intraepithelialis Recanalisatio luminis duodeni Histogenesis Endodermal epithelium Simple columnar epithelium Stratified columnar epithelium Accumulated epithelial cells Obliterated duodenal lumen Intra-epithelial vacuole Recanalization of duodenal lumen Histogenesis Endodermal epithelium Simple columnar epithelium Stratified columnar epithelium Accumulated epithelial cells Obliterated duodenal lumen Intraepithelial vacuole recanalization of duodenal lumen 3026 3027 3028 Villus intestinalis Villus primordialis Epithelium pseudostratificatum columnare Villus definitivus Epithelium simplex columnare Enterocytus Intestinal villus Primordial villus Pseudostratified columnar epithelium Definitive villus Simple columnar epithelium Enterocyte Intestinal villus Primordial villus Pseudostratified columnar epithelium Definitive villus Simple columnar epithelium Enterocyte 3008 3009 3010 3029 3030 3031 FIPAT.library.dal.ca TE2, Part 2 Defective musculature Endnote 219 Endnote 220 Histogeny Endnote 221 106 3032 3033 3034 Exocrinocytus caliciformis Lamina propria mucosae Villus elongatus Goblet cell Lamina propria Elongated villus Goblet cell Lamina propria Elongated villus 3035 3036 3037 3038 3039 3040 Crypta intestinalis Gemma cryptae Lumen cryptae Cellula gastrointestinalis staminalis Exocrinocytus caliciformis Cellula panethensis Intestinal crypt Crypt bud Lumen of crypt Gastro-intestinal stem cell Goblet cell Paneth cell Intestinal crypt Crypt bud Lumen of crypt Gastrointestinal stem cell Goblet cell Paneth cell Intestinal gland 3041 Endocrinocytus gastrointestinalis Entero-endocrine cell Enteroendocrine cell Gastro-enteropancreatic cell; Gastroenteropancreatic cell; GEP endocrine cell 3042 3043 Other features Longitudinal muscle layer Other features Longitudinal muscle layer 3044 3045 Insignia alia Stratum longitudinale tunicae muscularis Plica circularis Glandula submucosa duodenalis Circular fold Duodenal submucosal gland Circular fold Duodenal submucosal gland 3046 3047 3048 3049 3050 Epitheliocytus penicillatus Epitheliocytus microplicatus Lamina muscularis mucosae Nodulus lymphoideus solitarius Noduli lymphoidei aggregati Brush cell Microfold cell Muscularis mucosae Solitary lymphoid nodule Aggregated lymphoid nodules Brush cell Microfold cell Muscularis mucosae Solitary lymphoid nodule Aggregated lymphoid nodules 3051 3052 3053 3054 3055 3056 3057 3058 3059 Anomaliae duodeni Atresia duodeni Diverticulum duodeni Duplicatio duodeni Cystis duodeni Stenosis duodeni Mucosa heterotopica in duodeno Mucosa ectopica Papilla duodeni accessoria Duodenal anomalies Duodenal atresia Duodenal diverticulum Duodenal duplication Duodenal cyst Duodenal stenosis Heterotopic mucosa Ectopic mucosa Accessory duodenal papilla Duodenal anomalies Duodenal atresia Duodenal diverticulum Duodenal duplication Duodenal cyst Duodenal stenosis Heterotopic mucosa Ectopic mucosa Accessory duodenal papilla 3060 3061 3062 Ansa umbilicalis intestini Mesenteron Crus proximale ansae umbilicalis intestini Apex ansae umbilicalis intestini Ductus omphaloentericus Midgut loop Midgut Proximal limb of midgut loop Midgut loop Midgut Proximal limb of midgut loop Apex of midgut loop Omphalo-enteric duct Apex of midgut loop Omphaloenteric duct 3063 3064 3065 A. mesenterica superior FIPAT.library.dal.ca Glandula intestinalis Exocrinocytus cum granulis acidophilis Ductus vitellointestinalis Superior mesenteric artery TE2, Part 2 Superior mesenteric artery §Lieberkühn§ §Paneth§ §Paneth§ §Brunner§ Tuft cell M cell; Dome epithelial cell Endnote 222 Umbilical intestinal loop Vitello-intestinal duct; Vitellointestinal duct; Yolk stalk duct 107 3066 Crus distale ansae umbilicalis intestini Elongatio ansae umbilicalis intestini Rotatio ansae umbilicalis intestini Elongatio mesenteri Hernia umbilicalis physiologica Pars intestinalis tenuis ansae Pars intestinalis crassa ansae Internalisatio ansae umbilicalis Occlusio parietis abdominalis anterioris Distal limb of midgut loop Distal limb of midgut loop Elongation of midgut loop Elongation of midgut loop Rotation of midgut loop Elongation of mesentery Physiological umbilical hernia Small intestinal part of loop Large intestinal part of loop Return of midgut loop Closure of anterior abdominal wall Rotation of midgut loop Elongation of mesentery Physiological umbilical hernia Small intestinal part of loop Large intestinal part of loop Return of midgut loop Closure of anterior abdominal wall Jejunum and Ileum Midgut Primordial jejunum Primordial ileum Ileal diverticulum Elongation of midgut loop Jejunum and Ileum Midgut Primordial jejunum Primordial ileum Ileal diverticulum Elongation of midgut loop 3081 3082 3083 3084 3085 3086 Jejunum et Ileum Mesenteron Jejunum primordiale Ileum primordiale Diverticulum ilei Elongatio ansae umbilicalis intestini Jejunum definitivum Ileum definitivum Positio intraperitonealis Mesenterium dorsale commune Mesojejunum Mesoileum Definitive jejunum Definitive ileum Intraperitoneal position Common dorsal mesentery Mesojejunum Meso-ileum Definitive jejunum Definitive ileum Intraperitoneal position Common dorsal mesentery Mesojejunum Mesoileum 3087 Histogenesis Histogenesis Histogenesis 3088 3089 3090 3091 3092 3093 3094 3095 3096 3097 3098 3099 3100 3101 Anomaliae jejuni et ilei Duplicatio intestini Stenosis intestini Atresia intestini Malrotatio intestini Rotatio partialis intestini Caecum subhepaticum Hyperrotatio intestini Nonrotatio intestini Inversio rotationis intestini Situs inversus abdominalis Heterotaxia Colon retrojejunale Vestigium ductus omphaloenterici Anomalies of jejunum and ileum Intestinal duplication Intestinal stenosis Intestinal atresia Intestinal malrotation Incomplete intestinal rotation Subhepatic caecum Intestinal hyper-rotation Intestinal nonrotation Reverse intestinal rotation Abdominal situs inversus Heterotaxy Retrojejunal colon Omphalo-enteric duct vestige Anomalies of jejunum and ileum Intestinal duplication Intestinal stenosis Intestinal atresia Intestinal malrotation Incomplete intestinal rotation Subhepatic cecum Intestinal hyperrotation Intestinal nonrotation Reverse intestinal rotation Abdominal situs inversus Heterotaxy Retrojejunal colon Omphaloenteric duct vestige 3067 3068 3069 3070 3071 3072 3073 3074 3075 3076 3077 3078 3079 3080 3102 3103 Diverticulum jejuni Diverticulum ilei FIPAT.library.dal.ca Vestigium ductus vitellointestinalis Jejunal diverticulum Ileal diverticulum Jejunal diverticulum Ileal diverticulum TE2, Part 2 Endnote 223 Histogeny As for Duodenum (above) Partial intestinal rotation Isomerism Vitello-intestinal duct vestige; Vitellointestinal duct vestige §Meckel§ 108 3104 Chorda fibrosa vestigii ductus omphaloenterici 3105 3106 3107 3108 3109 3110 3111 3112 3113 3114 3115 3116 3117 3118 3119 3120 3121 3122 3123 3124 3125 3126 3127 3128 3129 3130 3131 3132 3133 3134 3135 3136 3137 3138 3139 Fibrous band of omphalo-enteric duct vestige Fibrous band of omphaloenteric duct vestige Fistula umbilicalis Fistula umbilicalis faecalis Volvulus congenitus Intussusceptio Intussusceptio congenita Nonfixatio viscerum Absentia systematis nervosi enterici post duodenalis Recessus peritoneales anomalii Mucosa heterotopica in intestino Mucosa intestinalis ectopica Umbilical fistula Umbilical faecal fistula Congenital volvulus Intussusception Congenital intussusception Nonfixation of viscera Absence of postduodenal enteric nervous system Abnormal peritoneal recesses Heterotopic mucosa Ectopic intestinal mucosa Umbilical fistula Umbilical fecal fistula Congenital volvulus Intussusception Congenital intussusception Nonfixation of viscera Absence of postduodenal enteric nervous system Abnormal peritoneal recesses Heterotopic mucosa Ectopic intestinal mucosa Intestinum crassum Mesenteron Pars mesenteronica coli primordialis Mesenterium dorsale commune Mesocolon commune Colon primordiale Caecum primordiale Primordium appendicis vermiformis Bulla caecalis Caecum Appendix vermiformis Colon ascendens primordiale Colon ascendens Defectio mesocoli ascendentis Large intestine Midgut Midgut part of primordial colon Large intestine Midgut Midgut part of primordial colon Common dorsal mesentery Common mesocolon Primordial colon Primordial caecum Primordium of appendix Common dorsal mesentery Common mesocolon Primordial colon Primordial cecum Primordium of appendix Caecal swelling Caecum Appendix Primordial ascending colon Ascending colon Disappearance of ascending mesocolon Midgut part of primordial transverse colon Midgut part of transverse colon Transverse mesocolon Cecal swelling Cecum Appendix Primordial ascending colon Ascending colon Disappearance of ascending mesocolon Midgut part of primordial transverse colon Midgut part of transverse colon Transverse mesocolon Hindgut Hindgut part of primordial colon Hindgut Hindgut part of primordial colon Common dorsal mesentery Common mesocolon Hindgut part of primordial transverse colon Hindgut part of transverse colon Primordial descending colon Descending colon Common dorsal mesentery Common mesocolon Hindgut part of primordial transverse colon Hindgut part of transverse colon Primordial descending colon Descending colon Pars mesenteronica coli transversi primordialis Pars mesenteronica coli transversi Mesocolon transversum Metenteron Pars metenteronica coli primordialis Mesenterium dorsale commune Mesocolon commune Pars metenteronica coli transversi primordialis Pars metenteronica coli transversi Colon descendens primordiale Colon descendens FIPAT.library.dal.ca Chorda fibrosa vestigii ductus vitellointestinalis TE2, Part 2 Fibrous band of vitello-intestinal duct vestige; Fibrous band of vitellointestinal duct vestige See below Vermiform appendix 109 3140 3141 Colon sigmoideum primordiale Defectio mesocoli descendentis 3142 3143 3144 3145 3146 3147 Colon sigmoideum Mesocolon sigmoideum Rectum primordiale Rectum Mesorectum Septum urorectale 3148 3149 3150 3151 3166 Histogenesis Epithelium endodermale Epithelium stratificatum columnare Proliferatio inlocalis cellularum epithelialium Plicatio epithelialis Plica epithelialis longitudinalis Lumen secundarium intraepitheliale Colonocytus primordialis Exocrinocytus caliciformis Crypta intraepithelialis Colonocytus primordialis Villus transiens intestini crassi Crypta extraepithelialis Colonocytus primordialis Exocrinocytus caliciformis Divisio cryptae Elongatio cryptae Tunica mucosa definitiva intestini crassi Endocrinocytus gastrointestinalis 3167 Cellula panethensis 3168 3169 3170 Taenia coli Haustra coli Plica semilunaris coli 3171 Anomaliae coli et appendicis vermiformis Aganglionosis coli Aganglionosis coli completa Aganglionosis coli partialis Megacolon congenitum Diverticulum congenitum coli 3152 3153 3154 3155 3156 3157 3158 3159 3160 3161 3162 3163 3164 3165 3172 3173 3174 3175 3176 FIPAT.library.dal.ca Exocrinocytus cum granulis acidophilis Primordial sigmoid colon Disappearance of descending mesocolon Sigmoid colon Sigmoid mesocolon Primordial rectum Rectum Mesorectum Urorectal septum Primordial sigmoid colon Disappearance of descending mesocolon Sigmoid colon Sigmoid mesocolon Primordial rectum Rectum Mesorectum Urorectal septum Histogenesis Endodermal epithelium Stratified columnar epithelium Localized proliferation of epithelial cells Epithelial fold formation Longitudinal epithelial fold Secondary lumen Histogenesis Endodermal epithelium Stratified columnar epithelium Localized proliferation of epithelial cells Epithelial fold formation Longitudinal epithelial fold Secondary lumen Primordial colonocyte Goblet cell Intra-epithelial crypt Primordial colonocyte Transient villus of large intestine Extra-epithelial crypt Primordial colonocyte Goblet cell Division of crypt Elongation of crypt Definitive mucosa of large intestine Primordial colonocyte Goblet cell Intraepithelial crypt Primordial colonocyte Transient villus of large intestine Extraepithelial crypt Primordial colonocyte Goblet cell Division of crypt Elongation of crypt Definitive mucosa of large intestine Entero-endocrine cell; Gastroenteropancreatic cell Paneth cell Enteroendocrine cell; Gastroenteropancreatic cell Paneth cell Taenia coli Haustra of colon Semilunar fold of colon Tenia coli Haustra of colon Semilunar fold of colon Anomalies of colon and appendix Colonic aganglionosis Total colonic aganglionosis Partial colonic aganglionosis Congenital megacolon Congenital colonic diverticulum Anomalies of colon and appendix Colonic aganglionosis Total colonic aganglionosis Partial colonic aganglionosis Congenital megacolon Congenital colonic diverticulum TE2, Part 2 Histogeny GEP endocrine cell See Terminologia Histologica §Paneth§ §Zeulzer-Wilson§ §Hirschprung§ 110 3177 3178 3179 3180 3181 3182 3183 3184 3185 3186 3187 3188 3189 3190 3191 3192 3193 3194 3195 3196 3197 3198 3199 3200 3201 3202 3203 3204 3205 3206 Dysplasia neuralis coli Hypoganglionosis coli Caecum mobile Caecum retroperitoneale Ectopia caeci Atresia intestini Duplicatio intestini Malrotatio intestini Rotatio partialis intestini Caecum altum Caecum subhepaticum Caecum inversum Hyperrotatio intestini Nonrotatio intestini Inversio rotationis intestini Situs inversus abdominalis Heterotaxia Colon retrojejunale Nonfixatio viscerum Stenosis intestini Agenesis appendicis vermiformis Appendix vermiformis duplex Appendix vermiformis triplex Appendix retrocolica Appendix retrocaecalis Appendix preilealis Appendix postilealis Appendix pelvica Mucosa heterotopica in appendice Cloaca persistens 3207 3208 3209 3210 Canalis analis Pars metenteronica canalis analis Mesenchyma splanchnopleurale Myoblastus musculi sphincteris ani interni Myocytus levis Linea pectinata Pars fovealis canalis analis Ectoderma embryonicum Mesenchyma somatopleurale Mesenchyma splanchnopleurale Epithelium endodermale Tuberculum anale Fovea analis Pars analis membranae cloacalis 3211 3212 3213 3214 3215 3216 3217 3218 3219 3220 FIPAT.library.dal.ca Rotatio noncompleta intestini Myocytus nonstriatus Membrana analis Colonic neuronal dysplasia Colonic hypoganglionosis Mobile caecum Retroperitoneal caecum Ectopic caecum Intestinal atresia Intestinal duplication Intestinal malrotation Incomplete intestinal rotation High caecum Subhepatic caecum Inverted caecum Intestinal hyper-rotation Intestinal nonrotation Reverse intestinal rotation Abdominal situs inversus Heterotaxy Retrojejunal colon Nonfixation of viscera Intestinal stenosis Agenesis of appendix Duplication of appendix Triple appendix Retrocolic appendix Retrocaecal appendix Pre-ileal appendix Postileal appendix Pelvic appendix Heterotopic mucosa in appendix Persistent cloaca Colonic neuronal dysplasia Colonic hypoganglionosis Mobile cecum Retroperitoneal cecum Ectopic cecum Intestinal atresia Intestinal duplication Intestinal malrotation Incomplete intestinal rotation High cecum Subhepatic cecum Inverted cecum Intestinal hyperrotation Intestinal nonrotation Reverse intestinal rotation Abdominal situs inversus Heterotaxy Retrojejunal colon Nonfixation of viscera Intestinal stenosis Agenesis of appendix Duplication of appendix Triple appendix Retrocolic appendix Retrocaecal appendix Preileal appendix Postileal appendix Pelvic appendix Heterotopic mucosa in appendix Persistent cloaca Anal canal Hindgut part of anal canal Splanchnopleuric mesenchyme Myoblast of internal anal sphincter Smooth muscle cell Pectinate line Foveal part of anal canal Embryonic ectoderm Somatopleuric mesenchyme Splanchnopleuric mesenchyme Endodermal epithelium Anal tubercle Anal pit Anal part of cloacal membrane Anal canal Hindgut part of anal canal Splanchnopleuric mesenchyme Myoblast of internal anal sphincter Smooth muscle cell Pectinate line Foveal part of anal canal Embryonic ectoderm Somatopleuric mesenchyme Splanchnopleuric mesenchyme Endodermal epithelium Anal tubercle Anal pit Anal part of cloacal membrane TE2, Part 2 Isomerism Anal membrane Endnote 224 111 3221 3222 3223 3224 3225 3226 3227 3228 3229 3230 Abruptio membranae cloacalis Apertura ani Blastema musculi sphincteris ani externi Myoblastus striatus Status multinuclearis Myotubus Myofibra Canalis analis occlusus Restitutio canalis analis Anus 3231 3232 Urenteron Anomaliae recti et canalis analis 3233 3234 3235 3236 3237 3238 3239 3240 3241 3242 3243 3244 3245 3246 3247 3248 Aganglionosis recti Atresia recti Fistula rectalis Fistula rectovaginalis Fistula rectovesicalis Fistula rectovestibularis Fistula rectourethralis Stenosis recti Anus imperforatus Anus tectus Fistula anocutanea Fistula anovestibularis Atresia canalis analis Stenosis canalis analis Anus ectopicus Fistula anoperinealis Postcloacal gut Anomalies of rectum and anal canal Rectal aganglionosis Rectal atresia Rectal fistula Rectovaginal fistula Rectovesical fistula Rectovestibular fistula Recto-urethral fistula Rectal stenosis Imperforate anus Covered anus Anocutaneous fistula Anovestibular fistula Atresia of anal canal Stenosis of anal canal Ectopic anus Anoperineal fistula 3249 3250 3251 3252 3253 3254 3255 3256 3257 3258 3259 3260 3261 3262 Hepar Preenteron distale Mesenchyma splanchnopleurale Epithelium endodermale Gemma hepatopancreatica Gemma hepatocystica Gemma hepatica Gemma hepatica dexter Gemma hepatica sinister Gemma cystica Ductus hepatopancreaticus Diverticulum hepaticum Pars distalis diverticuli hepatici Irruptio septi transversi Liver Distal foregut Splanchnopleuric mesenchyme Endodermal epithelium Hepatopancreatic bud Hepatocystic bud Hepatic bud Right hepatic bud Left hepatic bud Cystic bud Hepatopancreatic duct Hepatic diverticulum Distal part of hepatic diverticulum Invasion of septum transversum FIPAT.library.dal.ca Pars postcloacalis intestini Rupture of cloacal membrane Anal opening Blastema of external anal sphincter Rupture of cloacal membrane Anal opening Blastema of external anal sphincter Striated myoblast Multinuclear state Myotube Myofibre Closure of anal canal Restitution of anal canal Anus Striated myoblast Multinuclear state Myotube Myofiber Closure of anal canal Restitution of anal canal Anus Postcloacal gut Anomalies of rectum and anal canal Rectal aganglionosis Rectal atresia Rectal fistula Rectovaginal fistula Rectovesical fistula Rectovestibular fistula Rectourethral fistula Rectal stenosis Imperforate anus Covered anus Anocutaneous fistula Anovestibular fistula Atresia of anal canal Stenosis of anal canal Ectopic anus Anoperineal fistula Liver Distal foregut Splanchnopleuric mesenchyme Endodermal epithelium Hepatopancreatic bud Hepatocystic bud Hepatic bud Right hepatic bud Left hepatic bud Cystic bud Hepatopancreatic duct Hepatic diverticulum Distal part of hepatic diverticulum Invasion of septum transversum TE2, Part 2 Endnote 225 Tailgut; Endgut Endnote 226 112 3263 3264 3265 3266 3267 3268 3269 3270 3271 3272 3273 3274 3275 3276 3277 3278 3279 3280 3281 3282 3283 3284 3285 3286 3287 3288 3289 3290 3291 3292 3293 3294 3295 3296 3297 Morphogenesis ramificans partis distalis diverticuli hepatici Dilatatio dextra Lobus dexter epithelialis Lobus caudatus epithelialis Lobus quadratus epithelialis Dilatatio sinistra Lobus sinister epithelialis Deminutio incrementi crescentiae Irruptio mesenchymatis Irruptio a vasis Vas sinusoideum hepaticum Branching morphogenesis of distal part of hepatic diverticulum Right dilatation Epithelial right lobe Epithelial caudate lobe Epithelial quadrate lobe Branching morphogenesis of distal part of hepatic diverticulum Right dilatation Epithelial right lobe Epithelial caudate lobe Epithelial quadrate lobe Left dilatation Epithelial left lobe Slowing of growth Invasion by mesenchyme Vascularization Hepatic sinusoid Left dilatation Epithelial left lobe Slowing of growth Invasion by mesenchyme Vascularization Hepatic sinusoid LOBULUS HEPATICUS PRIMORDIALIS Lamina hepatocytica primordialis PRIMORDIAL HEPATIC LOBULE PRIMORDIAL HEPATIC LOBULE Primordial hepatocyte lamina Primordial hepatocyte lamina Differentiatio laminae hepatocyticae Lamina hepatocytica frontalis dorsalis Lamina hepatocytica frontalis ventralis Lamina hepatocytica sagittalis Lamina hepatocytica anastomotica Epithelium stratificatum cuboideum Hepatoblastus Hepatocytus Canaliculus bilifer Hepatocyte laminal differentiation Hepatocyte laminal differentiation Dorsal frontal hepatocyte plate Dorsal frontal hepatocyte plate Ventral frontal hepatocyte plate Ventral frontal hepatocyte plate Sagittal hepatocyte plate Anastomotic hepatocyte plate Sagittal hepatocyte plate Anastomotic hepatocyte plate Formatio ductuum Capsula epthelialis circum ramum venae portae Cellula obscura Vesicula epithelialis Cellula obscura Ductulus bilifer intralobularis Canalis bilifer Ductulus bilifer interlobularis Trias hepatica Ductus hepaticus dexter Ductus hepaticus sinister Porta hepatis Ductus hepaticus communis Duct formation Epithelial capsule around branch of portal vein Dark cell Epithelial vesicle Dark cell Intralobular bile ductule Bile canal Interlobular bile ductule Portal triad Right hepatic duct Left hepatic duct Porta hepatis Common hepatic duct FIPAT.library.dal.ca Stratified cuboidal epithelium Hepatoblast Hepatocyte Bile canaliculus Vascular sinus Primordial hepatocyte plate; Primordial hepatic trabecula Endnote 227 Stratified cuboidal epithelium Hepatoblast Hepatocyte Bile canaliculus TE2, Part 2 Duct formation Epithelial capsule around branch of portal vein Dark cell Epithelial vesicle Dark cell Intralobular bile ductule Bile canal Interlobular bile ductule Portal triad Right hepatic duct Left hepatic duct Porta hepatis Common hepatic duct §Hering§ §Glisson§ 113 3298 3299 3300 3301 3302 3303 3304 3305 Vasa hepatica A. hepatica V. vitellina V. portae V. umbilicalis sinistra V. hepatica Ductus venosus Haematopoiesis transiens in hepate 3306 3307 3308 3309 Histogenesis hepatica definitiva Lobulus hepaticus classicus V. centralis Lamina hepatocytica 3310 Epithelium bistratificatum cuboideum Hepatoblastus Hepatocytus Canaliculus bilifer 3311 3312 3313 Lobulus hepaticus polygonalis Hepatic vessels Hepatic artery Vitelline vein Portal vein Left umbilical vein Hepatic vein Ductus venosus Transient hepatic haematopoiesis Hepatic vessels Hepatic artery Vitelline vein Portal vein Left umbilical vein Hepatic vein Ductus venosus Transient hepatic hematopoiesis Final hepatic histogenesis Classic hepatic lobule Central vein Hepatocyte lamina Final hepatic histogenesis Classic hepatic lobule Central vein Hepatocyte lamina Two-layered cuboidal epithelium Twolayered cuboidal epithelium Hepatoblast Hepatocyte Bile canaliculus Hepatoblast Hepatocyte Bile canaliculus Hepatic sinusoid Endothelial cell Pit cell Stellate macrophage Perisinusoidal cell Hepatic sinusoid Endothelial cell Pit cell Stellate macrophage Perisinusoidal cell 3319 Vas sinusoideum hepaticum Endotheliocytus Cellula necatoria hepatica Macrophagocytus stellatus Cellula perisinusoidalis; Cellula accumulans adipem Spatium perisinusoideum Perisinusoidal space Perisinusoidal space 3320 3321 3322 3323 3324 3325 3326 3327 3328 3329 3330 3331 3332 3333 3334 3335 Anomaliae hepatis Agenesis hepatis Ectopia hepatis Ectopia textus hepatici Fibrosis hepatis congenita Hepar accessorium Lobus supernumerarius Lobus accessorius hepatis Lobus accessorius dexter Lobus supradiaphragmaticus Absentia lobulationis Absentia lobulationis partialis Absentia lobulationis completa Hepar polycysticum congenitum Cystis hepatica solitaria congenita Atresia biliaris intrahepatica Hepatic anomalies Hepatic agenesis Ectopic liver Ectopic liver tissue Congenital liver fibrosis Accessory liver Supernumerary lobe Accessory hepatic lobe Accessory right lobe Supradiaphragmatic lobe Absence of lobulation Partial absence of lobulation Complete absence of lobulation Congenital polycystic liver Congenital solitary liver cyst Intrahepatic biliary atresia Hepatic anomalies Hepatic agenesis Ectopic liver Ectopic liver tissue Congenital liver fibrosis Accessory liver Supernumerary lobe Accessory hepatic lobe Accessory right lobe Supradiaphragmatic lobe Absence of lobulation Partial absence of lobulation Complete absence of lobulation Congenital polycystic liver Congenital solitary liver cyst Intrahepatic biliary atresia 3314 3315 3316 3317 3318 FIPAT.library.dal.ca TE2, Part 2 See below Final hepatic histogeny Polygonal hepatic lobule Hepatocyte plate; Hepatic trabecula Vascular sinus Natural killer cell; NK cell Fat storing cell §Kupffer§ §Kupffer; Ito§ §Disse§ §Riedel§ 114 3336 3337 3338 3339 3340 3341 3342 3343 3344 3345 3346 3347 3348 3349 3350 3351 3352 3353 3354 3355 3356 3357 3358 3359 3360 3361 3362 3363 3364 3365 3366 3367 Ductus choledochus Primordium hepatocysticum Diverticulum hepatocysticum Pars proximalis diverticuli hepatocystici Elongatio diverticuli cystici Diverticulum cysticum cystiforme Bile duct Hepatocystic primordium Hepatocystic diverticulum Proximal part of hepatocystic diverticulum Elongation of cystic diverticulum Cystiform cystic diverticulum Bile duct Hepatocystic primordium Hepatocystic diverticulum Proximal part of hepatocystic diverticulum Elongation of cystic diverticulum Cystiform cystic diverticulum Epithelium endodermale Epithelium simplex columnare Cholangiocytus Lamina propria mucosae Glandula ductus choledochi Pars intramuralis ductus choledochi Appositio ad ductum pancreaticum Endodermal epithelium Simple columnar epithelium Cholangiocyte Lamina propria Gland of bile duct Intramural part of bile duct Endodermal epithelium Simple columnar epithelium Cholangiocyte Lamina propria Gland of bile duct Intramural part of bile duct Apposition to pancreatic duct Apposition to pancreatic duct Mesenchyma splanchnopleurale Tunica muscularis Vagina mesenchymalis communis Myoblastus levis M. sphincter superior ductus choledochi M. sphincter inferior ductus choledochi M. sphincter ampullae hepatopancreaticae Splanchnopleuric mesenchyme Muscular coat Common mesenchymal sheath Smooth myoblast Superior sphincter of bile duct Splanchnopleuric mesenchyme Muscular coat Common mesenchymal sheath Smooth myoblast Superior sphincter of bile duct Inferior sphincter of bile duct Inferior sphincter of bile duct M. sphincter ampullae biliaropancreaticae Sphincter of hepatopancreatic ampulla Sphincter of hepatopancreatic ampulla Absentia ductus biliaris Bile duct anomalies Absence of bile duct Absence of common hepatic duct Bile duct anomalies Absence of bile duct Absence of common hepatic duct Extrahepatic biliary atresia Bile duct atresia Congenital intrahepatic bile duct dilatation Accessory hepatic duct Duplication of bile duct Duplication of common bile duct Bile duct hamartoma Intrahepatic union/junction of hepatic ducts Hepatocystic duct Extrahepatic biliary atresia Bile duct atresia Congenital intrahepatic bile duct dilatation Accessory hepatic duct Duplication of bile duct Duplication of common bile duct Bile duct hamartoma Intrahepatic union/junction of hepatic ducts Hepatocystic duct Anomaliae ductus biliaris Absentia ductus choledochi Absentia ductus hepatici communis Atresia biliaris extrahepatica Atresia ductus choledochi Dilatatio congenita intrahepatica ductus biliaris Ductus hepaticus accessorius Ductus biliaris duplicatus Ductus communis duplicatus Hamartoma ductus biliaris Junctura intrahepatica ductuum hepaticorum Ductus hepaticocysticus FIPAT.library.dal.ca Ductus biliaris Lamina hepatica Atresia ductus biliaris TE2, Part 2 Hepatic plate Muscular layer Endnote 228 Sphincter of biliaropancreatic ampulla §Caroli§ §von Meyenberg§ 115 3368 3369 3370 3371 3372 3373 3374 3375 3376 3377 3378 3379 3380 3381 3382 3383 3384 3385 3386 3387 3388 3389 3390 3391 3392 3393 3394 3395 3396 3397 3398 3399 3400 3401 3402 3403 3404 3405 Junctura intrapancreatica ductuum hepaticorum Apertura ectopica ductus biliaris communis Stenosis ductus choledochi Vesica biliaris et ductus cysticus Preenteron distale Epithelium endodermale Mesenchyma splanchnopleurale Irruptio cellularum cristae neuralis Gemma hepatopancreatica Ductus hepatopancreaticus Diverticulum cysticum Vesica biliaris Epithelium simplex columnare Cholecystocytus Epitheliocytus penicillatus Lamina propria mucosae Crypta mucosae Plica mucosae Glandula mucosa vesicae biliaris Tunica muscularis Ductus cysticus Epithelium simplex columnare Plica spiralis Tunica fibromuscularis Anomaliae vesicae biliaris et ductus cystici Absentia vesicae biliaris Duplicatio vesicae biliaris Vesica biliaris bilobata Vesica biliaris rudimentaria Vesica biliaris ectopica Vesica biliaris intrahepatica Vesica biliaris sinistra Vesica biliaris mobilis Deformationes vesicae biliaris Vesica biliaris constricta Vesica biliaris pileiformis Vesica biliaris sacciformis Diverticulum vesicae biliaris FIPAT.library.dal.ca Stenosis ductus biliaris Vesica fellea Ruga Vesica biliaris deformata Intrapancreatic union/junction of hepatic ducts Ectopic opening of common bile duct Bile duct stenosis Intrapancreatic union/junction of hepatic ducts Ectopic opening of common bile duct Bile duct stenosis Gallbladder and cystic duct Gallbladder and cystic duct Distal foregut Endodermal epithelium Splanchnopleuric mesenchyme Invasion of neural crest cells Distal foregut Endodermal epithelium Splanchnopleuric mesenchyme Invasion of neural crest cells Hepatopancreatic bud Hepatopancreatic duct Cystic diverticulum Gallbladder Simple columnar epithelium Cholecystocyte Brush cell Lamina propria Mucosal crypt Mucosal fold Mucous gland of gallbladder Hepatopancreatic bud Hepatopancreatic duct Cystic diverticulum Gallbladder Simple columnar epithelium Cholecystocyte Brush cell Lamina propria Mucosal crypt Mucosal fold Mucous gland of gallbladder Muscular coat Cystic duct Simple columnar epithelium Spiral fold Fibromuscular coat Muscular coat Cystic duct Simple columnar epithelium Spiral fold Fibromuscular coat Anomalies of gallbladder and cystic duct Absence of gallbladder Duplication of gallbladder Bilobed gallbladder Rudimentary gallbladder Ectopic gallbladder Intrahepatic gallbladder Left-sided gallbladder Mobile gallbladder Gallbladder deformities Hourglass deformity Phrygian cap deformity Gallbladder pouch Gallbladder diverticulum Anomalies of gallbladder and cystic duct Absence of gallbladder Duplication of gallbladder Bilobed gallbladder Rudimentary gallbladder Ectopic gallbladder Intrahepatic gallbladder Leftsided gallbladder Mobile gallbladder Gallbladder deformities Hourglass deformity Phrygian cap deformity Gallbladder pouch Gallbladder diverticulum TE2, Part 2 Tuft cell Diverticulum Ruga §Rokitanski; Aschoff; Luschka§ Muscular layer §Hartmann§ 116 3406 3407 3408 3409 3410 3411 3412 Mucosa heterotopica Ductus duplicatus Atresia ductus cystici Stenosis ductus cystici Ductus cysticus brevis Ostium ectopicum ductus cystici Ductus hepatocysticus Heterotopic mucosa Duplication of duct Atresia of cystic duct Stenosis of cystic duct Short cystic duct Ectopic orifice Hepatocystic duct Heterotopic mucosa Duplication of duct Atresia of cystic duct Stenosis of cystic duct Short cystic duct Ectopic orifice Hepatocystic duct 3413 3414 3415 3416 3417 Pancreas Preenteron distale Epithelium endodermale Mesenchyma splanchnopleurale Irruptio cellularum cristae neuralis Pancreas Distal foregut Endodermal epithelium Splanchnopleuric mesenchyme Neural crest cell invasion Pancreas Distal foregut Endodermal epithelium Splanchnopleuric mesenchyme Neural crest cell invasion 3418 3419 3420 3421 3422 3423 3424 3425 Pancreas dorsale Gemma pancreatica dorsalis Dextrorotatio duodeni Pancreas dorsale Ductus pancreaticus dorsalis Pars dorsalis capitis pancreatis Corpus pancreatis Cauda pancreatis Dorsal pancreas Dorsal pancreatic bud Dextrorotation of duodenum Dorsal pancreas Dorsal pancreatic duct Dorsal part of head of pancreas Body of pancreas Tail of pancreas Dorsal pancreas Dorsal pancreatic bud Dextrorotation of duodenum Dorsal pancreas Dorsal pancreatic duct Dorsal part of head of pancreas Body of pancreas Tail of pancreas 3426 3427 3428 3429 3430 3431 3432 3433 3434 3435 Pancreas ventrale Gemma hepatopancreatica Diverticulum hepaticum Ductus hepatopancreaticus Gemma pancreatica ventralis Ductus pancreaticus ventralis Pancreas ventrale Pars ventralis capitis pancreatis Processus uncinatus pancreatis Translatio dorsaliter pancreatis ventralis Convergentia pancreatium dorsalis et ventralis Anastomosis ductalis Ductus pancreaticus accessorius Ductus pancreaticus Positio intraperitonealis primaria pancreatis Translatio dorsaliter pancreatis Ventral pancreas Hepatopancreatic bud Hepatic diverticulum Hepatopancreatic duct Ventral pancreatic bud Ventral pancreatic duct Ventral pancreas Ventral part of head of pancreas Uncinate process of pancreas Dorsal positional change of ventral pancreas Merging of dorsal and ventral pancreases Anastomosis of ducts Accessory pancreatic duct Pancreatic duct Primary intraperitoneal position of pancreas Dorsal positional change of pancreas Fusion with dorsal parietal peritoneum Ventral pancreas Hepatopancreatic bud Hepatic diverticulum Hepatopancreatic duct Ventral pancreatic bud Ventral pancreatic duct Ventral pancreas Ventral part of head of pancreas Uncinate process of pancreas Dorsal positional change of ventral pancreas Merging of dorsal and ventral pancreases Anastomosis of ducts Accessory pancreatic duct Pancreatic duct Primary intraperitoneal position of pancreas Dorsal positional change of pancreas Fusion with dorsal parietal peritoneum 3436 3437 3438 3439 3440 3441 3442 Conjunctio cum peritoneo parietale dorsale FIPAT.library.dal.ca TE2, Part 2 §Santorini§ §Wirsung§ 117 3443 Positio retroperitonealis secundaria pancreatis Secondary retroperitoneal position of pancreas Secondary retroperitoneal position of pancreas 3444 3445 3446 3447 3448 3449 3450 3451 3452 3453 3454 3455 3456 3457 3458 3459 3460 3461 3462 3463 3464 3465 Histogenesis Epithelium endodermale Mesenchyma splanchnopleurale Pars exocrina pancreatis Ductus pancreaticus primordialis Gemma ductalis Morphogenesis gemmans Lobulus pancreatis Acinus pancreatis Pancreatocytus exocrinus Cellula centroacinosa Ductus intercalatus Ductus intralobularis Ductus interlobularis Ductus excretorius Epitheliocytus basalis Epitheliocytus principalis Pars endocrina pancreatis Ductus pancreaticus primordialis Gemma endocrina Insula pancreatica initialis Insula pancreatica definitiva Histogenesis Endodermal epithelium Splanchnopleuric mesenchyme Exocrine pancreas Primordial pancreatic duct Ductal bud Budding morphogenesis Pancreatic lobule Pancreatic acinus Exocrine cell of pancreas Centro-acinar cell Intercalated duct Intralobular duct Interlobular duct Excretory duct Basal cell Principal cell Endocrine pancreas Primordial pancreatic duct Endocrine bud Early pancreatic islet Definitive pancreatic islet Histogenesis Endodermal epithelium Splanchnopleuric mesenchyme Exocrine pancreas Primordial pancreatic duct Ductal bud Budding morphogenesis Pancreatic lobule Pancreatic acinus Exocrine cell of pancreas Centroacinar cell Intercalated duct Intralobular duct Interlobular duct Excretory duct Basal cell Principal cell Endocrine pancreas Primordial pancreatic duct Endocrine bud Early pancreatic islet Definitive pancreatic islet Endocrinocyte differentiation α Cell Endocrinocyte differentiation α Cell 3466 3467 Differentiatio endocrinocyti Endocrinocytus α Glucagonocytus 3468 Endocrinocytus β Insulinocytus β Cell β Cell 3469 Endocrinocytus δ Somatostatinocytus δ Cell δ Cell δ 1 Cell EC cell Pancreatic G cell Pancreatic polypeptide cell Peptide YY cell Ghrelin-secreting cell δ 1 Cell EC cell Pancreatic G cell Pancreatic polypeptide cell Peptide YY cell Ghrelin secreting cell 3470 3471 3472 3473 3474 3475 3476 3477 3478 Endocrinocytus δ 1 Endocrinocytus EC Endocrinocytus G pancreaticus Endocrinocytus PP Endocrinocytus PYY Endocrinocytus secretans ghrelinum Gemma insulae pancreaticae Endocrinocytus β extrainsularis Transformatio acinocytoendocrinalis FIPAT.library.dal.ca Insulinocytus extrainsularis Pancreatic islet bud Extra-insular β cell Pancreatic islet bud Extrainsular β cell Acinocyto-endocrinal transformation Acinocytoendocrinal transformation TE2, Part 2 A cell; Glucagon-secreting cell; Glucagon secreting cell B cell; Insulin-secreting cell; Insulin secreting cell D cell; Somatostatin-secreting cell; Somatostatin secreting cell D1 cell; VIP cell Enterochromaffin cell Pancreatic gastrin cell PP cell PYY cell Endnote 229 §Langerhans§ Endnote 230 Endnote 231 Extra-insular B cell; Extrainsular B cell; Extra-insular insulin cell; Extrainsular insulin cell 118 3479 3480 3481 3482 3483 3484 3485 Anomaliae pancreatis Agenesis pancreatis Heterotopia pancreatica Pancreas anulare Papilla accessoria Cystis congenita Pancreas divisum 3486 3487 Ectopia textus pancreatici Variationes ductuum pancreaticorum Pancreas divisum Ductus pancreaticus dorsalis duplex Ductus pancreaticus ventralis duplex Configuratio bifida ductuum pancreaticorum dorsalis et ventralis Ductus hepaticopancreaticus 3488 3489 3490 3491 3492 FIPAT.library.dal.ca Anomalies of pancreas Pancreatic agenesis Heterotopic pancreas Anular pancreas Accessory papilla Congenital cyst Unfused ventral and dorsal pancreases Heterotopic pancreatic tissue Variations of pancreatic ducts Pancreas divisum Duplicated dorsal pancreatic duct Duplicated ventral pancreatic duct Bifid configuration of dorsal and ventral pancreatic ducts Hepatopancreatic duct Anomalies of pancreas Pancreatic agenesis Heterotopic pancreas Anular pancreas Accessory papilla Congenital cyst Unfused ventral and dorsal pancreases Heterotopic pancreatic tissue Variations of pancreatic ducts Pancreas divisum Duplicated dorsal pancreatic duct Duplicated ventral pancreatic duct Bifid configuration of dorsal and ventral pancreatic ducts Hepatopancreatic duct TE2, Part 2 119 ENDNOTES 174 Nodus primitivus; Nodus gastrulationis Once the primitive node has formed, gene expression centred on it becomes asymmetrical and the molecular basis for left-right asymmetry is established. 175 Vagina acellularis notochordalis; Lamina basalis notochordalis The extracellular notochordal basal lamina is rich in glycosaminoglycans and is to be distinguished from the cellular notochordal sheath (Gotz W, Osmers R, Herken R. Localization of extracellular matrix components in the embryonic human notochord and axial mesenchyme. J Anat 1995;186:111-121). An expansion of the notochord between the centra of adjacent vertebrae blends with perinotochordal tissue to form the nucleus pulposus. 176 Calvaria The calvaria, which consists of the parietal bones and the squamous parts of the frontal, temporal and occipital bones, is formed as lamellar bone and replaces chondroid tissue, which persists only in the sutural areas. 177 Cartilagines arcuum pharyngeorum sequentium Only the first four pharyngeal arches, grooves and pouches are distinct structures. As the cartilages of the larynx develop caudal to the fourth arch, their precise origin is unknown. While the arch cartilage derivatives of the head are universally regarded as components of the viscerocranium, the arch cartilage derivatives of the neck may be regarded as postcranial axial skeleton. 178 Mesenchyma pharyngomericum Pharyngiomeric mesenchyme is thought to be derived from paraxial mesoderm, supplemented by ectomesenchyme (neural crest) and possibly also from epipharyngeal placodes. 179 Discus intervertebralis The whole of an anulus fibrosus, at least, is derived from a caudal dense part of the notochordal sheath. 180 Zona apoptotica anterior; Zona apoptica posterior; Zona apoptotica interdigitalis Programmed cell death in the development of the limb bud is regulated by local growth factors. After apoptotic cell death, macrophages clear and remove cell remnants without inducing any inflammatory reaction. With the recognition that programmed cell death in the embryo is not by necrosis, a pathological process evoking inflammation, the terms anterior, posterior and interdigital necrotic zones are not recommended 181 Zona progressus The progress zone model for proximodistal patterning postulates that cells acquire positional information according to the length of time they spend in the subectodermal apical mesenchyme. The alternative early specification model postulates that segmental progenitors are already localized along the proximodistal axis. However, neither model fits the large amount of molecular expression data generated in the last decade (Tabin C, Wolpert L. Rethinking the proximodistal axis of the vertebrate limb in the molecular era. Genes Dev 2007;21:1433-42). 182 Radius manus The five rays that form in the hand plate are appropriately named hand rays rather than digital rays because they give rise to the metacarpals as well as to the phalanges. 183 Radius pedis The five rays that form in the foot plate are appropriately named foot rays rather than digital rays because they give rise to the metatarsals as well as to the phalanges. 184 Amentum articulationis 185 Zona defluens sheaths. An articulation loop is a tissue connection between the anlagen of antagonistic muscles. Joint clefts form in a gliding zone (see next footnote) in the connection. A gliding zone is where adjacent tissue layers undergo relative movement along their substrata, thereby giving origin to tissue discontinuities such as joint cavities and synovial bursae and 186 Anomaliae et variationes crescentiae cranii Only cranial defects without underlying neural tube defects are listed here. Dysraphias are dealt with substantively under Nervous System. As elsewhere, convention has the suffixes –ia in Latin and –y in English indicating the condition; the suffix –us, in either language refers to an individual with that condition. 187 Frons latus In relation to this and a multiplicity of other anomalies, previous embryological terminologies have included a substantial list of dysmorphias. Here, however, dysmorphias have been been distributed between the sections and systems and a representative selection has been listed at the end of each. See, for example, FIPAT.library.dal.ca TE2, Part 2 120 (1) The special issue on Elements of morphology: standard terminology (Am J Med Genet Part A 149A:1-127). The treatment is based on description of the anomaly or growth variation. For details see the individual papers: Carey JC. Editorial comment: (Am J Med Genet Part A 2009;149A:1); Allanson JE, Biesecker LG, Carey JC, Hennekam RCM. Elements of morphology: introduction (Am J Med Genet Part A 2009;149A:2-5); Allanson JE, Cunniff C, Hoyme HE, McGaughran J, Muenke M, Neri G. Elements of morphology: standard terminology for the head and face (Am J Med Genet Part A 2009;149A:6-28); Hall BD, Graham JM Jr., Cassidy SB, OpitzJM. Elements of morphology: standard terminology for the periorbital region (Am J Med Genet Part A 2009;149A:29-39); Hunter A, Frias J, Gillessen-Kaesbach G, HughesH, Jones K, Wilson L. Elements of morphology: standard terminology for the ear (Am J Med Genet Part A 2009;149A:40-60); Hennekam RCM, Cormier-Daire V, Hall J,Méhes K, Patton M, Stevenson R. Elements of morphology: standard terminology for the nose and philtrum (Am J Med Genet Part A 2009;149A:61-76); Carey JC, Cohen MM Jr., Curry CJR, Devriendt K, Holmes LB, Verloes A. Elements of morphology: standard terminology for the lips, mouth, and oral region (Am J Med Genet Part A 2009;149A:77-92); Biesecker LG, Aase JM, Clericuzio C, Gurrieri F, Temple IK, Toriello H. Elements of morphology: standard terminology for the hands and feet (Am J Med Genet Part A 2009;149A:93-127). (2) The Bedside Dysmorphologist. W Reardon Oxford University Press, 2008, 2015, which presents individual anomalies as components of Syndromes. (3) See also the Winter-Baraitser Dysmorphology Database [WBDD] http://www.lmdatabases.com/. WBDD currently contains information on over 4450 dysmorphic, multiple congenital anomaly and mental retardation syndromes. It includes single gene disorders and sporadic conditions, as well as those caused by environmental agents. While it mainly contains information about non-chromosomal multiple congenital anomaly syndromes, it also includes information about distinctive microdeletion syndromes and those resulting from uniparental disomy. WBDD contains over 44000 fully searchable references, linked to the appropriate syndromes. 188 Anomaliae columnae vertebralis Only vertebral anomalies thought to be congenital and without underlying neural tube defects are listed here: thus for example, Spondylolisthesis and Os odontoideum, no longer considered congenital, are not listed. Dysraphias are dealt with substantively under Nervous System. 189 Talipes The term Club foot has not been listed because of its inconsistent use in describing the results of more than one of these anatomical deformities. 190 Musculi; Systema musculare This section refers only to noncardiac striated muscle. Other muscle is presented under the corresponding structures (e.g. alimentary system, cardiovascular system). 191 Primordia musculorum externorum bulbi oculi 192 Blastemata musculorum masticatoriorum 193 Blastemata musculorum faciei The extra-ocular muscles are derived from preotic somites which migrate to a position around the developing eyeball. The primordia of the principal muscles of mastication (masseter, temporalis and pterygoids) as well as of mylohoid and the anterior belly of the digastric. The primordia of the muscles of facial expression as well as of stylohyoid and the posterior belly of the digastric. 194 Blastema musculi sternocleidomastoidei; Blastema musculi trapezii The single primordium for these two muscles is located in the epicardial ridge, caudal to the fourth pharyngeal arch and the cervical sinus. As the neck elongates the primordium divides so that the two muscles come to bound the posterior triangle. 195 Ectoderma embryonicum anuli umbilicalis Embryonic ectoderm, apart from providing surface epithelium and throughepitheliomesenchymal transformation and ingression of embryonic ectoderm of the umbilical ring, may contribute mesenchyme to the underlying tissues. 196 Mesenchyma ex eminentia caudale Mesenchyme from the caudal eminence passes ventrally around the cloacal membrane to contribute to the musculature and connective tissue of the infra-umbilical abdominal wall and the underlying bladder wall. 197 Blastema musculi recti abdominis Only material from the midthoracic segments has reached its destination by the end of the embryonic period so that only the cranial parts of the blastemata of rectus abdominis have come together by then. At that time, more caudally, they are still divaricated and a triangular transparent area between them includes the umbilical ring. By the end of the first trimester, the recti have come together throughout, except at the umbilical ring. 198 Annulus umbilicalis The term umbilical ring is used in two different but related ways. Firstly, it describes the site on the ventral aspect of an embryo where the margins of the folded embryonic disc converge; the structures transmitted by the ring become covered by amnion and mesenchyme and form the umbilical cord; secondly, it describes the opening through which the umbilical vessels pass: in young embryos it is FIPAT.library.dal.ca TE2, Part 2 121 relatively closer to the pubis than in the fetus, in which it becomes an umbilical hiatus in the linea alba, which normally closes in postnatal life. 199 Blastemata in compartimentis medialis et posterioris femoris These blastemata give rise to the muscles of the posterior and medial compartments of the thigh apart from the short head of biceps femoris. These are abductors magnus, longus and brevis, gracilis, obturator externus, semitendinosus, semimembranosus and the long head of biceps femoris. 200 Blastema musculorum obturatorii interni et gemellorum In the 14mm embryo no distinction can be made between the obturator internus and the two gemelli (Bardeen CR. Development and variation of the nerves and musculature of the inferior extremity and of the neighbouring regions of the trunk in man. Am J Anat 1907;6:259-390) 201 Placoda nasalis; Placoda olfactoria The term nasal placode is preferred as the placode gives rise to respiratory and vomeronasal as well as olfactory structures. 202 Prominentia nasalis medialis; Sulcus nasolacrimalis; Sulcus lacrimalis The term prominence is recommended for this and similar facial features because they are not processes or projections but swellings caused by growth centres; they do not fuse as processes do but merge as mesenchyme fills the depressions and raises the epithelium between them. The nasolacrimal groove is said to appear approximately along, but independently of, the line where the maxillary and frontonasal prominences merge and is thus not to be synonymous with the nasomaxillary groove (O'Rahilly R and Müller F. Human Embryology & Teratology. 3rd ed. New York: Wiley-Liss; 2001). 203 Lamina lacrimalis The lacrimal lamina is a thickening of the epithelium at the bottom of the lacrimal groove: its tip bifurcates to form primordial canaliculi before it canalises and connects conjunctival and inferior meatal epithelia (de la Cuadra-Blanco C, Peces-Peña MD, Jáñez-Escalada L, Mérida-Velasco JR. Morphogenesis of the human excretory lacrimal system. J Anat 2006;209:127-135). 204 Blastema glandulae lacrimalis Mesenchyme condenses in relation to the superior conjunctival fornix, the epithelium of which thickens before the appearance of epithelial buds (Cuadra-Blanco C, Peces-Peňa MD, Mėrida-Velasco JR. Morphogenesis of the human lacrimal gland. J Anat 2003;203:531-536). 205 Labium fetale et neonatale 452). The parts are as given by Miethke R-R. Zur Anatomie der Ober- und Unterlippe zwischen dem 4. intrauterinen Monat und der Geburt. (Gegenbaurs morph Jahrbuch 1977;123:424- 206 Pars distalis vesiculae umbilicalis secundariae; Pars distalis sacci vitellini secundarii There are no known derivatives of the endodermal lining of this embryonic structure. 207 Fovea analis Although there is no proctodeal depression comparable to the stomodeum, there is a slight anal pit over the terminal hindgut 208 Gemma glandulae parotideae See Gasser RF. The early development of the parotid gland around the facial nerve and its branches in man (Anat Rec 1970:167; 63-78). 209 Organum juxtaorale The development, possible function and clinical importance of the juxta-oral organ have been described (Mérida-Velasco JR, Rodrígez-Vásquez JF, Cuadra-Blanco C, Salmerón JI, Sánchez-Montesinos I, Mérida-Velasco JA. Morphogenesis of the juxtaoral organ in humans. J Anat 2005:206;155-163). 210 Processus palatinus medianus The median palatal process is located in and adjacent to the midline and is the conjoined, lower (caudal) part of the medial nasal prominences. It is sometimes referred to as the intermaxillary segment because of its location between the maxillary processes and rostral to the presumptive incisive canal. The incisive tooth buds form in the region. Historically, the region has been called the premaxilla but this usage is not recommended because of possible confusion with the premaxilla of the maxillary bone. 211 Fissurae labiorum et palati; Cheilopalatoschises Clefts of the gums and alveolar arches are associated with these anomalies. 212 Epithelium linguogingivale; Epithelium sublinguale Whether the epithelia of the submandibular and sublingual glands are of ectodermal or endodermal origin is uncertain because they arise in the linguogingival sulcus, between the ectodermal epithelium of the gingiva and the endodermal epithelium of the tongue. FIPAT.library.dal.ca TE2, Part 2 122 213 Glandulae sublinguales This collective term includes, on each side, both a single well-encapsulated major sublingual gland and the 8-30 less well-encapsulated minor sublingual glands, each with its own duct (Schulte H. The development of the salivary glands in man. In: Huntingdon GS, Schulte H. Eds. Studies in cancer and allied subjects. Vol 4. New York: Columbia Univ Press; 1913:25-72). 214 Recessus tubotympanicus the recess. As the first pharyngeal pouch is probably no longer distinguishable when the tubotympanic recess grows out from the oropharynx, there is uncertainty about the pouch of origin of 215 Gemma thymica Most of the thymic epithelium, including its medullary cytoreticulum (epithelioreticular cells types IV to VI), is derived from the endoderm of the ventral part of the third pharyngeal pouch but its cortical cytoreticulum (epithelioreticular cells types I to III) is derived from the ectoderm of the third pharyngeal groove. 216 Corpus ultimopharyngeum The ultimopharyngeal bodies, which are said to provide the lateral components of the thyroid and parathyroid glands (Weller JL.Development of the thyroid, parathyroid and thymus glands in man. Carnegie Instn Wash Publ 443, Contrib Embryol 1933;24:93-139), separate from pharyngeal pouches III and IV in Carnegie Stage 12. 217 Cystis cervicalis; Fistula cervicalis The term cervical is preferred to pharyngeal for these defects since it refers to their definitive location rather than to their supposed origin. Many cervical lesions are acquired rather than congenital and originate in the lympho-epithelial system rather than the pharyngeal arch system. 218 Canalis oesophagogastrointesinalis; Canalis digestorius subsequently for individual organs or parts. Listed here are features common to the development of the entire alimentary canal, in the order in which they appear. They are not repeated 219 Pars mesenteronica duodeni; Pars mesenteronica coli primordialis; Pars mesenteronica coli transversi primordialis; Pars mesenteronica coli transversi. the mesenteron or midgut in order to avoid confusion with mesentericus, which refers to the mesenterium or mesentery. 220 Positio intraperitonealis The neologism mesenteralis has been coined to refer to Although not strictly so, an organ is said to be intraperitoneal when it is almost completely surrounded by peritoneum. 221 Lumen duodeni obturatum The duodenal lumen is obliterated in places due to epithelial proliferation. Recanalization starts with the formation and expansion of intra-epithelial vacuoles (Patzelt V. Der Darm. In von Möllendorf W. ed. Handbuch der mikroskopischen Anatomie des Menschen. Vol 5/3. Berlin: Springer Verlag; 1932:1-448). 222 Noduli lymphoidei aggregati The term aggregated lymphoid nodules is shorthand for the localized, persistent, macroscopic, subepithelial aggregations of coalescent lymphoid nodules, which not only penetrate the submucosa but also are visible from the serosal aspect of the small intestine. 223 Rotatio ansae umbilicalis intestini ‘rotation’. Although not entirely appropriate, the commonly used word rotation is retained. The process is one of differential growth of the developing organs, of which one result is 224 Pars analis membranae cloacalis Because the urorectal septum does not reach the cloacal membrane, a separate anal membrane does not exist. After the cloacal membrane ruptures, the anorectal lumen is temporarily closed by an epithelial plug, which might previously have been interpreted as an anal membrane. 225 Canalis analis occlusus The anus is temporarily occluded by adhesion and an epithelial plug, which may have been mistaken for an anal membrane. A separate anal membrane does not exist because the urorectal septum does not reach the cloacal membrane. 226 Urenteron; Pars postcloacalis intestini The term postanal gut is a misnomer because the tailgut is evanescent and has disappeared before there is an established anorectum. 227 Lamina hepatocytica frontalis dorsalis Differentiation results in the formation first of two frontal plates and then of sagittally-orientated plates between them: the ventral plate also gives rise to ventrallyprojecting hepatic plates (Lipp W. Die frűhe Strukturentwicklung des Leberparenchyms beim Menschen. Z Mikrosk Anat Forsch 1952; 59:161-186). FIPAT.library.dal.ca TE2, Part 2 123 228 Vagina mesenchymalis communis 229 Insula pancreatica initialis 230 Insula pancreatica definitiva The mesenchymal sheath is common to the bile and pancreatic ducts but not initially continuous with that of the duodenum. At twenty weeks the organization of the endocrine cells is still not definitive: β cells lie in the centre and α, δ and PP cells surround them. At twenty-four weeks the organization of the endocrine cells in the islets is complete: α, δ and PP cells lie in the centre and are surrounded by β cells. 231 Differentiatio endocrinocyti Endocrinocytes β, δ, α, and PP are present in that descending order of relative volume fraction at 10 weeks (Hahn von Dorsche H. Inselorgan. 626-32 in Hinrichsen KV. Humanembryologie. Berlin: Springer-Verlag; 1990); the relative volume fraction of other endocrinocytes is not known from this reference. FIPAT.library.dal.ca TE2, Part 2 124
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