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8/16/12
Ch 2: The Nature of Life:
Physical & Chemical Bases of Life
The Universe
Energy
Laws of thermodynamics
The Universe
Energy
Laws of thermodynamics
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The Universe
Energy
potential
kinetic
The Universe
Energy
Matter
Periodic Table of the Elements
Newer photos of the
Elements
http://
www.periodictable.com/
http://webelements.com/
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Periodic Table of the Elements
Group IA: Alkali Metals
Group IIA: Alkaline Earth Metals
Periodic Table of the Elements
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Transition Metals
Group VB
Group IIIB
Group IVB
Group VIIB
Group VIB
Transition Metals
Group VIIIB
Transition Metals
Group IB
Group IIB
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Periodic Table of the Elements
Group IIIA: Boron Family
Group IVA: Carbon Family
Periodic Table of the Elements
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Group VA: Nitrogen Family
Group VIA: Oxygen Family
Periodic Table of the Elements
Group VIIA:
Halogens
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Periodic Table of the Elements
Group VIIIA:
Noble Gases
What s inside an atom?
Sub-atomic Particles
Carbon atom
~1 AMU
~1 AMU
Much smaller
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Periodic Table of the Elements
Periodic Table of the Elements
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Periodic Table of the Elements
Hydrogen Isotopes
Hydrogen
Deuterium
Tritium
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Ionic bond
Single bond
Covalent Bonds
Triple bond
Methane
CH4
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Molecules of Life
A.Water
B. Organic Polymers
C. Other
II. Organic Polymers
A. Organic
B. types of C-containing molecules
1. Hydrocarbons
2. others
functional groups
C. mers
Some
functional
groups
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Biomolecules can be transformed by 5 kinds of reactions:
1. functional-group transfer
2. rearrangement
ATP
Biomolecules can be transformed by 5 kinds of reactions:
3. electron transfer (oxidation & reduction)
OILRIG
“LEO-GER”
Biomolecules can be
transformed by 5 kinds
of reactions:
4. condensation/
dehydration synthesis
5. cleavage/hydrolysis
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Carbohydrates
monosaccharides
Dehydration
synthesis
Disaccharides
Another example:
glucose + glucose -> maltose
disaccharide
Polysaccharides
made of glucose
(not all are)
Lipids: Triglycerides
saturated
unsaturated
Dehydration
synthesis
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2 fatty acids
glycerol
What
phospholipids form
in water
Steroids
Ergosterol
Animals only
(fungal)
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Proteins & polypeptides
Monomers: amino acids
carboxy
acid
Can be
R 20
different
things
amino
group
Building a polypeptide
hydrolysis
dehydration
synthesis
Peptide bond
Primary structure =
the order of amino acids in a
polypeptide chain
alpha helix
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Secondary structure =
the shape of specific regions in a
polypeptide chain
alpha helix
beta
Tertiary structure =
beta
sheet
the shape of 1 entire
polypeptide chain
alpha helix
- Some proteins are 1
polypeptide
random
loop
alpha
helix
alpha helix
Quaternary structure =
the configuration of two or
more polypeptides (subunits)
to make a protein
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Quaternary
structure
(this one has 4 subunits)
Nucleic acids
Monomer: nucleotide
Variations on a nucleotide
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Nucleic Acids (polymers)
DNA
RNA
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