Download Biochemistry Part I Notes

Biochemistry
Part I Notes
Carbon/Organic Compounds
Objective:

The student will be able to list and
describe the function of each of the
organic compounds.
Compounds of Life
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In different combinations, the elements carbon,
hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur
make up almost all the chemical compounds in living
things. Memory device: CHNOPS
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Inorganic Compounds
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Do NOT contain carbon
Include water and salt
Organic Compounds
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Contain carbon
Associated with living things
Include carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids.
Carbohyrates
*A type of Organic Compound

A group of chemicals that include sugars,
starches, and cellulose.

Simple Carbohydrates

Sugars, such as Glucose
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Monosaccharides (single sugars)
Disaccharides (double sugars)
Complex Carbohydrates

Starches, such as potatoes
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Polysaccharides (many sugars) are a
combination of mono- and disaccharides.
Carbohydrates continued
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Contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in
a 1:2:1 ratio.
Carbohydrates are used for energy storage
Indicator Tests
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Starch Test – Iodine
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Positive Test = blue/black color
Sugar Test – Benedict’s solution
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When heated, positive test = orange/red color
A starch – like pasta
Glucose
Lipids
*A type of Organic Compound
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A group of chemicals that include fats, oils,
waxes, phospholipids, and steroids.
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Fats and oils provide long-term energy storage.
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Fats also act as insulation for animals such as
penguins and whales.
Waxes repel water.
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Ex: Butter and oil
Keep plants from drying out.
Phospholipids form cell membranes.
Phospholipid Bilayer
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This makes up the membranes
of cells
Lipids continued
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Have more C-H bonds and
less oxygen bonds.
Indicator Test

Lipids leave a visible mark
on brown paper
Proteins
*A type of Organic Compound
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Large, complex molecules composed of many smaller
molecules called amino acids.
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There are only 20 different amino acids.
Proteins contain nitrogen in addition to carbon,
hydrogen, and oxygen.
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Ex. of foods that contain protein:
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Fish, nuts, beans, and eggs
Proteins
*A type of Organic Compound
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Proteins are used for movement (muscle fibers
and cytoskeletal elements), transport
(hemoglobin), defense (antibodies).
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Enzymes help control chemical reactions
(speed them up)
Indicator Test - turns purple in Biuret solution
Proteins
*A type of Organic Compound
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Enzymes
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Have a definite three dimensional shape
Can recognize and bind with a specific
substrate
Control the rate of metabolic reaction by
acting as catalysts
Protein Structure
Amino Group
Carboxyl Group
General Structure
of an amino acid
Alanine
Serine
Nucleic Acids
*A type of Organic Compound

Large, complex molecules
that contain genetic info.
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Ex: Deoxyribonucleic acid
(DNA) or Ribonucleic acid
(RNA)
Composed of carbon, oxygen,
hydrogen, nitrogen, and
phosphorus atoms.
Concept Map of …
Carbon
Compounds
Name
Carbohydrates
Examples Sugars and
starches
Carbon,
Elements hydrogen,
oxygen
Lipids
Nucleic acids
Proteins
Fats and oils
DNA, RNA
Meats, Meat
Products
Carbon,
hydrogen,
oxygen
Carbon,
hydrogen,
oxygen,
nitrogen,
phosphorus,
sulfur
Carbon,
hydrogen,oxygen,
nitrogen,
Foods with:

List some foods that contain carbohydrates:
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List some foods that contain lipids:
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List some foods that contain proteins:

What type of organic compounds would be
found in Hawaiian ham pizza?
Images are Courtesy of Google .com
THE END