Download AP Physics B Exam Equation Sheet _ Constants

Advanced Placement Physics B Equations
Newtonian Mechanics
v  v0  at
1
x  x0  v0T  at 2
2
2
2
v  v0  2a  x  x0 
 F  FNet  ma
F fric   N
2
v
r
  rF sin
p  mv
J  F t  p
1
K  mv 2
2
U g  mgh
ac 
W  F r  F r cos
W
Pavg 
t
P  F  v  Fv cos
Fs  kx
1
U s  kx 2
2
m
Ts  2
k
l
TP  2
g
1
T
f
Gm1m2
FG  
r2
Gm1m2
UG  
r
Electricity and Magnetism
a = acceleration
F = Force
f = frequency
h = height
J = impulse
K = kinetic energy
k = spring constant
l = length
m = mass
N = normal force
P = power
p = momentum
r = distance
s = displacement
T = period
t = time
U = potential energy
v = velocity or speed
W = work
x = displacement
= coefficient of
friction
 = angle
 = torque
1 q1q2
4 0 r 2
F
E
q
F
U E  qV 
E Avg  
1 q1q2
4 0 r
V
d
1
4 0
Q
C
V
V
qi
r
i
i
0 A
d
1
1
U C  QV  CV 2
2
2
C
Q
t
I Avg 
R
l
A
V  IR
P  IV
CP   Ci
i
1
1

CS
Ci
i
RS   Ri
i
1
1

RP
Ri
i
FB  qvB sin
FB  BIl sin 
 I
B 0
2 r
m  B  A  BA cos
 avg   m
t
  Blv
Do Not Write On
A = Area
B = Magnetic field
C = Capacitance
d = distance
E = Electric Field Strength
 = emf
F = Force
I = Current
l = length
P = Power
Q = charge
q = point charge
R = Resistance
r = distance
t = time
U = potential (stored)
energy
V = Electric potential or
Potential Energy
v = velocity or speed
 = resistivity
 = magnetic field
Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Physics
p  p0   gh
FBuoy  Vg
Av
1 1  A2v2
1
p   gy   v 2  const.
2
l   l0 T
Q  mL
Q  mcT
p
F
A
pV  nRT
3
k BT
2
K avg 
vrms 
3RT
3k BT

M

W   pV
Q  ncT
U  Q  W
U  ncV T
a = acceleration
F = Force
f = frequency
h = height
J = impulse
K = kinetic energy
k = spring constant
l = length
m = mass
N = normal force
P = power
p = momentum
r = distance
s = displacement
T = period
t = time
U = potential (stored)
energy
v = velocity or speed
W = work
x = displacement
= coefficient of
friction
 = angle
 = torque
d = separation
f = frequency or
length
h = height
L = Distance
M = Magnification
m = an integer
n = index of
refraction
R = Radius of
curvature
s = distance
v = speed
s = distance
 = wavelength
 = angle
d sin  m
xm 
m L
d
Circle
A = bh
1
A  bh
2
Triangle
A   r2
C  2 r
Parallelepiped V  lwh
V   r 2l
S  2 rl  2 r 2
4 3
Sphere V   r
3
S  4 r 2
Cylinder:
Atomic and Nuclear Physics
E   m  c 2
v f
c
n
v
n1 sin1  n2 sin 2
n
sin  C  2
n1
1 1 1
 
si so f
h
h
M i  i
ho
ho
R
f 
2
Rectangle
W
QH
T T
ec  H C
TH
h

p
Waves and Optics
Geometry and Trigonometry
e
E  hv  pc
Kmax  hv  
Waves and Optics
E = energy
f = frequency
K = kinetic energy
m = mass
p = momentum
= wavelength
 = work function
A = area
C = circumference
V = volume
S = surface area
b = base
h = height
l = length
w = width
r = radius
Right Triangle
a 2  b2  c2
a
sin  
c
b
cos  
c
a
tan  
b
Do Not Write On
c
9
0

b
a
Constants and Conversion Factors
Unified atomic mass unit
1 u = 1.66 x 10-27 kg
= 931 MeV/c2
Proton mass
mp = 1.67 x 10-27 kg
Neutron mass
mn = 1.67 x 10
Electron mass
-27
me = 9.11 x 10
Name
Symbol
e = 1.60 x 10
Avogadro’s Number
N0 = 6.02 x 1023 mol-1
109
giga
G
kilogram
kg
106
mega
M
second
s
103
kilo
k
ampere
A
10-2
centi
c
kelvin
K
10-3
milli
m
mole
mol
10-6
micro

hertz
Hz
10-9
nano
n
10-12
pico
p
C
R = 8.31 J/(molK)
newton
N
Speed of Light
c = 3.00 x 108 m/s
pascal
Pa
joule
J
watt
W
coulomb
C
volt
V
ohm

Coulomb’s law constant
Symbol
m
kB = 1.38 x 10-23 J/K
Vacuum permittivity
Prefix
Meter
Boltzmann’s Constant
Planck’s Constant
Factor
kg
Magnitude of electron charge
Universal gas constant
Prefixes
kg
-31
-19
Units
h = 6.63 x 10-34 Js
= 4.14 x 10-15 eVs
hc = 1.99 x 10-25 Jm
= 1.24 x 103 eVnm
0=8.85 x 10-12C2/Nm2
k=1/40=9.0 x 109 Nm2/C2
Vacuum permeability
0=4 x 10 (Tm)/A
henry
H
Magnetic constant
k’= 0/4= 10-7(Tm)/A
farad
F
tesla
T
-7
Universal gravitational constant G = 6.67 x 10-11 m3/kgs2
Values of Trigonometric Functions for
Common Angles

0
Sin 
0
Cos 
1
Tan 
0
30
1/2
3
3
37
3/5
4/5
3/4
45
2
2
1
2
2
2
3
Acceleration due to gravity
at the earth’s surface
g = 9.8 m/s2
degree
Celsius
C
53
4/5
3/5
4/3
1 atmosphere pressure
1 atm = 1.0 x 105 N/m2
= 1.0 x 105 Pa
electron volt
eV
60
3
1/2
3
90
1
1 electron volt
1 eV = 1.60 x 10-19 J
2
0
The following conventions are used in this examination:
I. Unless otherwise stated, the frame of reference of any problem is assumed to be inertial.
II. The direction of any electric current is the direction of flow of positive charge
(conventional current)
III. For any isolated electric charge, the electric potential is defined as zero at an infinite
distance from the charge.
IV. For mechanics and thermodynamics equations, W represents the work done on a system.
Do Not Write On
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