Download Dr Bettina Menne

Promoting health in an environment
challenged by climate change: Water
Dr Bettina Menne,
Arezzo
23.11.2010
[email protected]
Dr Bettina Menne
[email protected]
Multiple, complex,
causal pathways
McMichael et al. 2003
Dr Bettina Menne
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Climate change and water:
Too little, too much, too dirty
Dr Bettina Menne
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Water resource management and access
• Total water abstraction in EU
expected to decrease by 10%
between 2000 – 2030
• Precipitation decrease by 10%
• Differential access in Europe:
e.g. urban rural; east west
• Adaptation requires:
Projected change in mean annual and seasonal river
flow between the climate change scenario (SRES
A1B, 2071-2100) and the control period (1961-1990).
Simulations with LISFLOOD based on an ensemble
of 11 RCMs.
– Safe reuse of waste water
– Desalinization practices
– Increasing resilience of supply
Water supply
29%
Rural in-house
Rural other
71%
Source: Rojas et al. 2012/JRC
Dr Bettina Menne
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Less time between extreme events on average
Projected return periods for the maximum
daily temperature that was exceeded on
average once during a 20-year period in the
late 20th century (1981–2000) (IPCC, SREX, 2011).
Projected return periods for a daily
precipitation event that was exceeded in the
late 20th century on average once during a
20-year period (1981–2000) (IPCC, SREX, 2011).
Dr Bettina Menne
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Health and floods
250
•
Disruption of routine hospital care
200
•
Rise in infectious disease incidence
150
•
Food shortages
•
Safe water shortages
•
Mental health problems
•
Injuries
•
Carbon monoxide poisoning
Total number of
floods
100
50
0
1900-09
1910-19
1920-29
1930-39
1940-49
1950-59
1960-69
1970-79
1980-89
1990-99
2000-09
Number of floods
300
Decade
Dr Bettina Menne
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Emerging water-related diseases
250,000
200,000
150,000
100,000
50,000
0
2010
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
Cryptosporidiosis
Campylobacteriosis
Giardiasis
Legionellosis
Dr Bettina Menne
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An international challenge ahead
80% 50% 20%
Dr Bettina Menne
Adapted from Parry, 2008
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Estimating resources for adaptation
Table 1. Estimated global annual cost of climate change adaptation (US$ billion):
Sector
World Bank
(2005 prices)
UNFCCC
(2007 prices)
Period or time point
2010-2050
2030
Health sector
2.0
3.8 - 4.4
Water supply
13.7
9.0 - 11.0
Agriculture, forestry and
fisheries
7.6
14.0
Extreme weather
6.7
-
Total health-related
30.0
26.8 - 29.4
Total (all)
89.6
56.8 - 193.4
% health-related
33.4%
13.8 - 47.1%
Dr Bettina Menne
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Ministerial Conferences on Environment and Health: the pillars of the
process
• The first Ministerial Conference was held in Frankfurt in 1989,
followed by Helsinki in 1994, London in 1999 and Budapest in
2004
• As an intermediate milestone, in 2007 an
intergovernmental meeting reviewed progress in the
implementation of the Budapest commitments
• The Fifth Ministerial Conference took place in Parma on 10-12
March 2010.
Dr Bettina Menne
11
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Protecting health from climate change in an
environment challenged by climate change
1. Health in other policies
2. Strengthen health systems
3. Raise awareness
4. Greening health services
5. Research, innovation, development
Dr Bettina Menne
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Adaptation to climate change
New?
Better?
More?
Dr Bettina Menne
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Small scale water supply
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•
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80 % of health facilities in country do not have
adequate quantity of running water
2 pilot sites chosen for developing Water Safety
Plans
One hospital site having water safety plan,
including repair and installation of safe water
delivery system
Training on water safety planning
Workshop for facilitators team of 13
professionals from Ministry of Health, for Water
Safety Plan in pilot villages
Training of trainers for hospital plumbing
National advocacy seminar for 40 decision
makers and potential donors
Dr Bettina Menne
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Increasing expenditures on prevention
Less than 5 % is spent on
primary prevention
despite huge potential to
reduce the growth in
health expenditures.
US $ 5.3 Trillion
Prevention < 5%
Environment
Illicit drugs
Physical Inactivity
Tobacco
Alcohol
Unsafe Sex
Treatment & Overhead
Other
• 1% life expectancy increase = 6%
GDP growth (OECD)
• 10% decrease in CVD = 1% per
capita income growth (2009)
Factors influencing health
World-wide health expenditures
Source: Estimated from OECD, WHO, and Prevention Institute data
Dr Bettina Menne
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A few examples
Dr Bettina Menne
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Tackling the old and new
• Strengthen disease surveillance
– Emerging diseases
– Vaccine preventable diseases
– Neglected diseases: helminthes
• Cooperation between ML
Agreements
– IHR and health security
– Disaster preparedness and response
– Water Protocol
•
Thu 12 Jan 2012
Focus on win – win – win - win
17 Menne
Dr Bettina
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Dr Bettina Menne
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Opportunities to link to other regional and global policy processes
Health
Health
Environment
Environment
European Environment and Health Process
European Environment and Health Process
European Environment and Health Process
European Union MSs
Health2020
International
Health
Regulation
Prevention
Prevention
of NCDs
of NCDs
Rio +20
Multilateral
Environmental
Agreements
Rio +20
Environment
for Europe
Dr Bettina Menne
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Any questions?
Contact details:
Dr Bettina Menne
Program Manager
Climate change, green health services and sustainable development
program
WHO Regional Office for Europe
+ 39 2288150422
Email: menneb@who. int
http://www.euro.who.int/globalchange
Dr Bettina Menne
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More than 894 million; 15% older than 65 years old; 70% live in cities
22% GDP growth fall of 28% in carbon emissions between 1990 and 2008
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1/5 of burden of disease is caused by environmental pollution
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More than 86% of deaths are from non communicable diseases;
•
Growing levels of obesity and infectious disease outbreaks
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Rising levels of inequalities
Increasing financial pressures on health and welfare systems
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Important social and technological transformations
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Geopolitical shifts
21 Menne
Dr Bettina
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Dr Bettina Menne
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www.euro.who.int
[email protected]
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