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STRUCTURE
By Simonnett Rosenberg
Gabriela Di Lorenzo
A structure usually refers
to any large, man-made
object permanently fixed to
Earth's surface, as a result of construction. These are divided
into buildings and non-buildings, structures (bridges,
electricity pylons, towers), and make up the infrastructure of a
human society.
The structural elements of a building (the walls, the frame, the
foundation) are the parts that hold it together and cannot be
removed without damaging the strength and shape of the
building.
A column is a vertical structural
element that transmits, through
compression, the weight of the
structure above to other structural
elements below.
Beam
A beam is an element that carries load.
Beams generally carry vertical forces,
but can also be used to carry horizontal
loads (Those loads can result from wind
or an earthquake). The loads that a beam
carries are led to columns or walls,
which lead the force to the next element.
Cantilever
A cantilever is a beam supported
on only one end. The beam
carries the load to the support
where it is resisted by moment.
Cantilever construction allows for
overhanging structures without
external bracing.
A wall is a usually solid
structure that defines and
sometimes protects an
area, separates space in
buildings into rooms, or
protects or delineates a
space in the open air.
Frame
A frame is a rigid
structure formed of
relatively slender
pieces, joined so as to
surround sizable empty
spaces or nonstructural
panels.
An arch is a curved masonry construction for
spanning an opening which is also used as a
decorative element.
Arch
A foundation is a structure that transfers loads
to the earth. Foundations are generally broken
into two categories: shallow foundations and
deep foundations. Shallow foundations are
usually embedded a meter or so into soil and
deep foundations are used to transfer a load
from a structure through an upper weak layer of
soil to a stronger deeper layer of soil.
Vault
Dome
An arched structure of stone, brick, or
reinforced concrete, forming a
supporting structure of a ceiling or roof.
A dome is a structural element of architecture
that resembles the hollow upper half of a
sphere. Domes do not have to be perfectly
spherical in cross-section, however; a section
through a dome may be an ellipse.
Truss
A truss is a structure comprising one or more
triangular units constructed with straight slender
members whose ends are connected at joints referred
to as nodes. External forces and reactions to those
forces are considered to act only at the nodes.
Space
Frame
A space frame is a lightweight rigid
structure constructed from
interlocking struts in a geometric
pattern. Space frames usually
utilize a multidirectional span, and
are often used to accomplish long
spans with few supports.
Tensile
structures
A tensile structure is a construction of
elements carrying only tension and no
compression or bending. Most tensile
structures are supported by some form of
compression or bending elements, such
as masts, compression rings or beams.
A buttress is an architectural structure
built against or projecting from a wall
which serves to support or reinforce the
wall. Buttresses are fairly common on
more ancient european buildings,
especially in germany.
Buttress
Gable
A gable is the generally triangular
portion of a wall between the edges
of a sloping roof. The shape of the
gable and how it is detailed
depends on the structural system
being used and aesthetic
concerns.
Flying buttress
A flying buttress is a freestanding buttress attached
to the main structure by an
arch or a half-arch. A great
example of this is the
Cathedral of Notre Dame in
Paris.
There are many different structural components and
systems in Architecture. All the structural elements
mentioned before are not used in every building, but in
some cases they are absolutely necessary for the
building to stay on feet.
“It is not the elements use in structure
what makes it particular, but the structure
itself”