Download Ch.6 and 7 REVIEW SHEET FOR TEST

REVIEW SHEET FOR TEST (Ch.6, 7)
You should know the following:
CHAPTER 6:
Similarities and Differences between Prokaryotes (Bacteria) and Eukaryotes (Protists, Fungi,
Plants, Animals)
Similarities and Differences between Animal Cells and Plant Cells
Importance of Multicellularity in terms of Surface Area: Volume ratio
Label Drawing of Typical Animal Cell and Plant Cell (p. 100-101 in text)
The Structure and Function of each of the following:
Nucleus
Nuclear Envelope
Pores
Lamina
Nucleolus
Chromatin
Ribosomes
Free and Attached
ER (Rough and Smooth)
Golgi (cis and trans faces)
Lysosomes
Peroxisomes
Vacuoles (Food, Contractile, and Central): Know that Plants have Central Vacuole; Some
Animals (Protists) have Contractile vacuole
Mitochondria (found in both animal and plants; have double membrane, own DNA &
Ribosomes,)
Chloroplasts (found only in plant cells; have double membrane, own DNA & ribosomes)
Cytoskeleton
Microtubules (protein tubulin, hollow, know function – see chart on p. 113)
Microfilaments (protein actin, solid, know function- see chart on p. 113 and Fig. 6.27 on
p. 117)
Intermediate filaments (different proteins, know function- see chart on p. 113)
Centrosomes
Centrioles ( 9 sets of triplet microtubules)
Basal Bodies ( 9 sets of triplet microtubules)
Cilia (9+2 arrangement of microtubules)
Flagella (9+2 arrangement of microtubules)
Dynein arms- see p. 114-115)
Cell Wall of Plants (made of cellulose)
Primary cell wall
Secondary cell wall,
Middle lamella (pectin)
Extracellular Matrix
Intercellular Junctions: Know whether they are in plants or animals and their function
Plasmodesmata (plants)
Gap Junctions (animals)
Desmosomes (animals)
Tight Junctions (animals)
Know which organelles have membranes and which do not.
Nucleus, ER, Golgi, Lysosomes, Peroxisomes, Vacuoles, Mitochondria, Chloroplasts all have
Membranes.
Ribosomes and The components of cytoskeleton, cilia, and flagella do not have membranes.
Know which organelles are part of the Endomembrane System and which are not (remember that
mitochondria and chloroplasts are NOT part of endomembrane even though they have membranes;
The nuclear envelope, ER, Golgi, lysosomes, vacuoles, and plasma membrane are part of the
Endomembrane system).
Know the order of protein secretion (see p. 104-105)
Know that most secretory proteins are glycoproteins, which are made in ER and modified further in
Golgi.
CHAPTER 7:
Models of Cell Membrane: Fluid Mosaic
Ampiphathic molecule (phospholipids)
Freeze- Fracture
Structure and Function of Phospholipids
Fluidity of Cell Membrane (role of unsaturated fatty acids and cholesterol in maintaining fluidity)
Membrane Proteins and their Functions (see p. 128)
Integral
Transmembrane
Peripheral
Glycoproteins and Glycolipids
Transport Proteins
Aquaporins
Passive v. Active Transport
Type of Passive Transport
a) Diffusion
b) Osmosis
c) Facilitated Diffusion
Channel Proteins – water, ions
Carrier Proteins- glucose, amino acids
Compare the graphs of Facilitated Diffusion with that of Simple Diffusion (remember Facilitated
Diffusion levels off as proteins reach saturation and cannot carry any more solutes, whereas simple
diffusion does not level off- it continues to be driven by the concentration gradient)
Effects of Osmosis on Animal and Plant Cells (see chart on p. 133)
Solve problems with Hypotonic, Isotonic, and Hypertonic solutions. Determine the direction of solute
and water movement.
Coupled Transport
Know how the energy gradient created by the active transport of one molecule allows for the
passive transport of another molecules (ex: Na+/glucose symporter; H+/sucrose symporter in
plants)
Uniporters, symporters, antiporters
Know how glucose moves from small intestine lumen to epithelia to blood
Active Transport
Na+/K+ pump
Proton pump