Download Exam Review Topics

Exam Review Topics
Nouns:
KNOW: Declensions 1-5, including neuter endings for 2nd & 3rd declensions.
Noun endings:
*** = neuter differences
2nd Declension
3rd
Declension
4th
5th
Declension Declension
Sing. Plur.
Sing.
Sing.
Plur.
Sing. Plur.
Sing. Plur.
N
a
ae
us/r/um ī/a
xxx
ēs/a
us
ūs
ēs
ēs
G
ae
ārum
ī
ōrum
is
um
ūs
uum
eī
ērum
D
ae
īs
ō
īs
ī
ibus
uī
ibus
eī
ēbus
Acc. am
ās
um
ōs/a
em/xxx ēs/a
um
ūs
em
ēs
Abl. ā
īs
ō
īs
e
ū
ibus
ē
ēbus
1st Declension
Plur.
ibus
Case usage:
NOMINATIVE
 Subject, e.g. omnēs puerī puellās vīderint – all the boys will have seen the
girls
 Predicate Nominative (with a linking verb), e.g. Publius Licinius cōnsūl erat
- Publius Licinius was a consul (cōnsūl is the predicate noun and is
nominative)
GENITIVE
 Possessive (e.g. Davī Liber - The book of Dave)
 Partitive Genitive - amount + genitive, e.g. nihil malī – nothing (of a) bad
DATIVE
 indirect object (Sextō librum dō – I give the book to Sextus/ I give Sextus the
book),

with certain verbs (favēre, occurrere, nocēre),
 with verbs of showing telling or giving – Corneliō fabulam narravit Sextus.
 with compound intransitive verbs – eī occuremus in forō. We will meet him
in the forum. Urbī advēnerant. (they had arrived at the city).
 With impersonal verbs (licet, necesse est etc.), e.g. licetne nōbīs – are we
allowed? Necesse erat tibi pensum facere? Was it necessary for you to do
your homework.
ACCUSATIVE
 direct object (he hit the ball)
 with certain prepositions (ad, in meaning into, per, prope)
 sometimes for motion toward – (domum eunt they go home)
ABLATIVE
 certain prepositions (ab, cum, ē/ex, in meaning in, sub, etc.),
 time when (aestate – in summer, illā nocte – on that night),
 time within which (brevī tempore – in a short time, tribus diēbus – in 3
days),
 instrument or means (baculō verberaverat – he had hit him with a stick),
 cause (tuā culpā mihi nocuī – because of your fault I hurt myself),
 manner – Davus magnō rīsū puerōs verberāvit sometimes use cum for
manner - Davus magnō cum gaudiō puerōs necāverat
Adjectives:
1st/2nd declension adjectives
3rd declension adjectives
Agreement with nouns in – CASE, NUMBER, GENDER. (therefore you MUST
figure out the CASE, NUMBER, GENDER of the noun before you make the
adjective agree!!!!!!!!!!!)
1st/2nd declension adjective endings:
*** = neuter differences
Masculine or
Neuter
Feminine
Sing. Plur.
Sing.
Plur.
N
a
ae
us/r/um ī/a
G
ae
ārum
ī
ōrum
D
ae
īs
ō
īs
Acc.
am
ās
um
ōs/a
Abl.
ā
īs
ō
īs
Make sure you remember POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES – meus, tuus, noster,
vester, suus
suus is same for singular and plural
3rd declension adjective endings:
*** = neuter differences
3rd Declension
Sing.
Plur.
is/e
ēs/ia
is
ium
ī
ibus
em/e
ēs/ ia
ī
ibus
Pronouns
Hic, ille, ego, tu, nōs, vōs, is, ea, id, reflexive 3rd person forms (suī sibi sē sē)
Pronouns agree in NUMBER and GENDER, but not necessarily CASE.
Some, like hic and ille can be used as ADJECTIVES (in which instance they
agree in CASE, NUMBER and GENDER, just like other adjectives).
is, ea, id (he, she, it, that)
Nom
Gen
Dat
Acc
Abl
Singular
M
is
eius
eī
eum
eō
F
ea
eius
eī
eam
eā
Plural
M
eī
eōrum
eīs
eōs
eīs
N
id
eius
eī
id
eō
F
eae
eārum
eīs
eās
eīs
ille, illa, illud (he, she, it, that)
Nom
Gen
Dat
Acc
Abl
Singular
M
F
N
ille
illa
illud
illius
illius illiu
s
illī
illī
illī
illum
illa
illud
m
illō
illā
illō
Plural
M
illī
illoru
m
illīs
illōs
F
illae
illaru
m
illīs
illās
N
illa
illoru
m
illīs
illa
illīs
illīs
illīs
hic, haec, hoc (this, these)
No
m
Gen
Dat
Acc
Singula
r
M
hic
Plural
F
haec
N
hoc
M
hī
F
hae
N
haec
huius
huic
hunc
huius
huic
hanc
huius
huic
hoc
hōrum
hīs
hos
hārum
hīs
has
hōrum
hīs
haec
N
ea
eōrum
eīs
ea
eīs
Abl
hōc
hāc
hōc
hīs
hīs
hīs
Agreement – NUMBER and GENDER (though not necessarily CASE)
Sextus erat puer molestus. Eum necāre debuī. - Antecedent of eum is Sextus
(agrees in number and gender but not case)
Verbs –
PRESENT, IMPERFECT, FUTURE, PERFECT, PLUPERFECT, AND FUTURE
PERFECT TENSES (SEE CHEAT SHEET BELOW)
Conjugating Verbs Cheat sheet
PRESENT TENSE (I DO, I AM DOING)
Rule: Infinitive minus last 3 letters, add…
st
1 Conj.
2nd Conj.
3rd Conj.
3rd IO Conj.
4th Conj.
-ō
-āmus
-eō
-ēmus
-ō
-imus
-iō
-imus
-iō
-īmus
-ās
-ēs
-is
-is
-īs
-ātis
-ētis
-itis
-itis
-ītis
-at
-et
-it
-it
-it
-ant
-ent
-unt
-iunt
-iunt
IMPERFECT TENSE (I WAS DOING, I USED TO DO)
Rule: Infinitive minus last 2 letters (-re), add…
Rule: Infinitive minus last 2
letters (-re), CHANGE STEM
TO –iē-, then add…
-bam
-bāmus
-bam
-bāmus
-bās
-bātis
-bās
-bātis
-bat
-bant
-bat
-bant
FUTURE TENSE (I WILL/SHALL DO)
Rule: Infinitive minus last 2
Rule:
Rule: Infinitive minus last 3
letters (-re), add…
Infinitive
letters, add…
minus last 3
letters, add…
-bō
-bimus
-am -ēmus
-iam
-iēmus
-bis
-bitis
-ēs
-ētis
-iēs
-iētis
-bit
-bunt
-et
-ent
-iet
-ient
PERFECT TENSE (I DID, I HAVE DONE)
Rule: 3rd Principal Part minus –ī, add…
-ī
-imus
-istī
-istis
-it
-ērunt
PLUPERFECT TENSE (I HAD DONE)
Rule: 3rd Principal Part minus –ī, add…
-eram
-erāmus
-erās
-erātis
-erat
-erant
FUTURE PERFECT TENSE (I WILL HAVE DONE)
Rule: 3rd Principal Part minus –ī, add…
-erō
-erimus
-eris
-eritis
-erit
-erint (N.B. NOT erunt)
Practice:
Complete the following verb synopsis table Present
Imperfect
Future
Perfect
Pluperfect
dormīre
(3rd pl.)
stāre (2nd
s.)
habēre (1st
pl.)
dāre (1st
s.)
dormīre
(2nd pl.)
IMPERATIVE MOOD
Infinitive without last 3 letters plus:
1st Conj.
2nd Conj.
3rd Conj.
3rd IO Conj.
4th Conj.
Future
Perfect
s.
-ā!
pl
-āte!
s
-ē!
p
-ēte!
s
-e!
p
-ite!
s
-e!
p
-ite!
s
-ī!
Irregular imperatives:
Duc!/ducite!
Dīc!/dicite!
Fac!/facite
Fer!/ferte!
Irregular Verbs (All tenses) - you should at the very least be able to recognize
these when you see them!
sum, esse, fui - to be
Present Tense
Imperfect Tense
Singular Plural
Singular Plural
Future Tense
Singular Plural
1 sum
sumus
1 eram
eramus
1 ero
erimus
2 es
estis
2 eras
eratis
2 eris
eritis
3 est
sunt
3 erat
erant
3 erit
erunt
Perfect Tense
Pluperfect Tense
Singular Plural
Singular Plural
Future Perfect Tense
Singular Plural
1 fui
fuimus
1 fueram
fueramus
1 fuero
fuerimus
2 fuisti
fuistis
2 fueras
fueratis
2 fueris
fueritis
3 fuit
fuerunt
3 fuerat
fuerant
3 fuerit
fuerint
eo, ire, ivi or ii - to go
Present Tense
Singular Plural
1 eo
imus
Imperfect Tense
Singular Plural
1 ibam
ibamus
Future Tense
Singular Plural
1 ibo
ibimus
p
-īte!
2 is
itis
2 ibas
ibatis
2 ibis
ibitis
3 it
eunt
3 ibat
ibant
3 ibit
ibunt
Perfect Tense
Pluperfect Tense
Singular Plural
Future Perfect Tense
Singular Plural
Singular Plural
1 ivi
ivimus
1 iveram
iveramus
1 ivero
iverimus
2 ivisti
ivistis
2 iveras
iveratis
2 iveris
iveritis
3 ivit
iverunt
3 iverat
iverant
3 iverit
iverint
volo, velle, volui - to want
Present Tense
Singular Plural
Imperfect Tense
Singular Plural
Future Tense
Singular Plural
1 volo
volumus
1 volebam volebamus
1 volam
volemus
2 vis
vultis
2 volebas
volebatis
2 voles
voletis
3 vult
volunt
3 volebat
volebant
3 volet
volent
Perfect Tense
Singular Plural
Pluperfect Tense
Singular Plural
Future Perfect Tense
Singular Plural
1 volui
voluimus
1 volueram volueramus
1 voluero
voluerimus
2 voluisti
voluistis
2 volueras volueratis
2 volueris volueritis
3 voluit
voluerunt
3 voluerat voluerant
3 voluerit voluerint
nolo, nolle, nolui - to not want
Present Tense
Singular Plural
Imperfect Tense
Singular Plural
Future Tense
Singular Plural
1 nolo
nolumus
1 nolebam nolebamus
1 nolam
nolemus
2 non vis
non vultis
2 nolebas
2 noles
noletis
nolebatis
3 non vult nolunt
3 nolebat
Perfect Tense
Pluperfect Tense
Singular Plural
nolebant
3 nolet
nolent
Future Perfect Tense
Singular Plural
Singular Plural
1 nolui
noluimus
1 nolueram nolueramus
1 noluero
noluerimus
2 noluisti
noluistis
2 nolueras nolueratis
2 nolueris nolueritis
3 noluit
noluerunt
3 noluerat noluerant
3 noluerit noluerint
fero, ferre, tuli - to bring/carry
Present Tense
Singular Plural
Imperfect Tense
Singular Plural
Future Tense
Singular Plural
1 fero
ferimus
1 ferebam ferebamus
1 feram
feremus
2 fers
fertis
2 ferebas
ferebatis
2 feres
feretis
3 fert
ferunt
3 ferebat
ferebant
3 feret
ferent
Perfect Tense
Singular Plural
Pluperfect Tense
Singular Plural
Future Perfect Tense
Singular Plural
1 tuli
tulimus
1 tuleram tuleramus
1 tulero
tulerimus
2 tulisti
tulistis
2 tuleras
tuleratis
2 tuleris
tuleritis
3 tulit
tulerunt
3 tulerat
tulerant
3 tulerit
tulerint
Principal Parts to know:
Know the general patterns for 1st (-ō, -āre, -āvi), 2nd (-eō, ēre, -uī), and 4th (iō, -īre, -īvī).
 Also know first three principal parts of the following verbs (you look
them up and write them out!). You should be able to put them in any
tense:
removēre
venīre

pōnere
esse
īre
posse
agere
iacere
iubēre
ferre