Download animalia - Ms. Turriff

INVERTEBRATES
I) Phylum: Porifera (sponges)
A) Characteristics
1) asymmetrical bodies
2) 2 body layers
3) specialised cells
i) but no tissues
ii) won’t die if seperated
from organism
iii) 4 types:
porocyte, spicules,
collar cells, amoebocyte
4) porous body
i) cells in direct contact
with environment
5) filter feeders
6) sessile as adults
*
II) Phylum: Cnidaria
(hydra,jellyfish, sea anemones, corals)
hydra
sea anemone *
coral
jellyfish
A) Characteristics
1) marine
2)radial symmetry
3)2 cell layers
4)simple nervous system (net-like)
a) tentacles with nematocysts
*
5) digestive system with 1 opening!
6) 2 body forms
a) polyp: attached to surface,
tentacles up
and/or
b) medusa: flat, mouth down,
moves (contractions or
currents)
III) worms:
flatworms (Platyhelminthes)
round worms ( Nematoda)
segmented worms (Annelida)
A) characteristics Platyhelminthes
(ex.planaria, tapeworm)
1) bilateral symmetry (definite head!)
2) acoelomate (no body cavity)
planaria
tapeworm
B) characteristics Nematoda
(ex. nematodes)
1) fluid-filled body cavity
2) one-way digestive system
a) 2 openings (mouth & ANUS!)
nematodes
• Parasitic worms:
*
C) characteristics Annelida
(ex. segmented worms)
1) segmentation
a) division of body into sections
b) animals can increase in size
by adding more identical segments
c) different segments can perform
different functions
ex. earthworm
2) coelom (fluid filled body cavity)
a) room for complex internal organs
earthworm
IV) Phylum: Mollusca
A) characteristics
1) bilateral symmetry
2) 3 cell layers
3) coelom
4) 2 body openings
5) soft body, hard shell
a) mantle surrounds internal organs
and secretes calcium carbonate
for shell
6) organ systems (circulatory,
respiratory, excretory, reproductive,
nervous)
B) 3 main groups
1) gastropods (snails, slugs)
a) aquatic or terrestrial
b) carnivorous or decomposers
c) radula for feeding
d) muscular foot
e) sexual fertilisation
i)gametes may meet in water
2) bivalves (clams, mussels)
a) 2 shells (hinged)
b) no cephalization
c) muscular foot
3) cephalopods (squid, octopus)
a) large brain
b) grasp prey with arms,
beak tears apart
c)siphon for movement
*
V) Phylum: Echinodermata
(ex. starfish, sea urchins, sand dollars,
sea cucumbers)
A) Characteristics
1) all marine
2) have coelom
3) have 1-way digestive system
4) most with radial symmetry
*
•
*
*
5) no cephalization (head)
6) internal skeleton for protection
and support (endoskeleton)
7) tube feet for locomotion
*
8) Sexual reproduction
a) eggs/sperm meet in water
b) also by regeneration in starfish
VI) Phylum: Arthropoda
A) characteristics
1) exoskeleton
a) growth ….. Molting
b) prevents dehydration
2) jointed appendages
3) segmented bodies
4) cephalization
a) highly developed nervous system
5) open circulatory system
a) dorsal heart pumps blood from
posterior to anterior end
B) 2 groups
1) Chelicerates
a) 2 body parts
i) cephalothorax
- head
- thorax (8 legs)
ii) abdomen
b) ex. arachnids, horsehoe crab,
scorpions, ticks
2) Mandibulata
a) have mandibles (jaws) for chewing
b) have antennae
c) >3 pairs ofwalking legs
d) 3 groups
i) crustaceans
- marine
Ex. copepods, barnacles,
crab, lobster
ii) myriapods
(centipedes and millipedes)
iii) insects ( bees, termites, buttterflies,
beetles)
- 3 body parts (head, thorax, abdomen)
*specially adapted segments
- development = metamorphosis
incomplete (ex. Grasshopper)
or complete (ex. Butterfly)
- various types of feeding appendages
- adaptations in appearance
1)camouflage
2)mimicry
- reproductive adapatations
1) parthenogenesis
(asexual repr., unfertilised eggs ex. aphid)
2) bodies adapted (ex. May fly)
3) pheromones
- social behaviours
ex. ants, bees, termites