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TERMINOLOGIA EMBRYOLOGICA Second Edition International Embryological Terminology FIPAT The Federative International Programme for Anatomical Terminology A programme of the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists (IFAA) TE2, PART IV Contents Caput V: Organogenesis Systema nervosum Organa sensuum Integumentum commune Caput VI: Adnexa embryonica et fetalia Chapter 5: Organogenesis (continued) Nervous system Sense organs The integument Chapter 6: Developmental adnexa Bibliographic Reference Citation: FIPAT. Terminologia Embryologica. 2nd ed. FIPAT.library.dal.ca. Federative International Programme for Anatomical Terminology, February 2017 Published pending approval by the General Assembly at the next Congress of IFAA (2019) Creative Commons License: The publication of Terminologia Embryologica is under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-ND 4.0) license The individual terms in this terminology are within the public domain. Statements about terms being part of this international standard terminology should use the above bibliographic reference to cite this terminology. The unaltered PDF files of this terminology may be freely copied and distributed by users. IFAA member societies are authorized to publish translations of this terminology. Authors of other works that might be considered derivative should write to the Chair of FIPAT for permission to publish a derivative work. Caput V: ORGANOGENESIS 5554 5555 5556 5557 Latin term Systema nervosum Latin synonym Neurulatio NEURULATIO PRIMARIA Ectoderma neuralis 5558 5559 5560 5561 5562 5563 5564 5565 5566 5567 5568 5569 5570 5571 Lamina neuralis Pars prosencephalica Pars mesencephalica Pars rhombencephalica Pars spinalis Plica neuralis Sulcus neuralis Canalis neurentericus Junctio neuroectodermalis Tubulatio neuralis Tubus neuralis primarius Punctum medianum cardinis Punctum dorsolaterale cardinis Crista neuralis primaria 5572 5573 NEURULATIO SECUNDARIA Eminentia caudalis 5574 5575 5576 5577 5578 5579 5580 5581 Mesenchyma densum axiale Corda medullaris Cardo caudoneuralis Canalisatio neuralis Tubus neuralis secundarius Ventriculus terminalis Crista neuralis secundaria Regressio medullae spinalis caudalis 5582 5583 5584 5585 5586 5587 5588 5589 5590 5591 Meninges CRISTA NEURALIS Ectomesenchyma Somitus Mesenchyma somaticum Fibroblastus Leptomeningoblastus Pioblastus Arachnoidoblastus Macrophagocytus FIPAT.library.dal.ca Gemma terminalis; Gemma caudalis Corda neuralis Mesenchyma cristae neuralis Chapter 5: ORGANOGENESIS (continued) UK English US English Neurulation PRIMARY NEURULATION Neural ectoderm Neurulation PRIMARY NEURULATION Neural ectoderm Nervous system Nervous system Neural plate Prosencephalic part Mesencephalic part Rhombencephalic part Spinal part Neural fold Neural groove Neurenteric canal Neuro-ectodermal junction Neural tubulation Primary neural tube Median hinge point Dorsolateral hinge point Primary neural crest Neural plate Prosencephalic part Mesencephalic part Rhombencephalic part Spinal part Neural fold Neural groove Neurenteric canal Neuroectodermal junction Neural tubulation Primary neural tube Median hinge point Dorsolateral hinge point Primary neural crest SECONDARY NEURULATION Caudal eminence SECONDARY NEURULATION Caudal eminence Axial dense mesenchyme Medullary cord Caudoneural hinge Neural canalisation Secondary neural tube Terminal ventricle Secondary neural crest Caudal spinal cord regression Axial dense mesenchyme Medullary cord Caudoneural hinge Neural canalisation Secondary neural tube Terminal ventricle Secondary neural crest Caudal spinal cord regression Meninges Meninges NEURAL CREST Ectomesenchyme Somite Somatic mesenchyme Fibroblast Leptomeningoblast Pial blast cell Arachnoid blast cell Macrophage NEURAL CREST Ectomesenchyme Somite Somatic mesenchyme Fibroblast Leptomeningoblast Pial blast cell Arachnoid blast cell Macrophage TE2, Part 4 English synonym Other Neuro-ectoderm; Neuroectoderm; Neural epithelium End bud; Tail bud Tail cord Neural cord Neural crest mesenchyme 191 5592 5593 5594 5595 5596 5597 5598 5599 Monocytus Meninx primordialis Stratum skeletogenicum Ectomeninx Lamina interna periostea Dura mater craniospinalis Dura mater cranialis Dura mater spinalis 5600 5601 5602 5603 5604 5605 5606 5607 5608 5609 5610 5611 5612 5613 5614 5615 5616 5617 5618 ENDOMENINX Arachnoidea mater craniospinalis Arachnoidea mater cranialis Arachnoidea mater spinalis Trabecula arachnoidea Villus arachnoideus Granulatio arachnoidea Spatium subarachnoideum Pia mater craniospinalis Pia mater cranialis Pia mater spinalis Manica radicis Manica radiculae Flexus durae matris Sinus durae matris Tela choroidea Filum terminale Pars duralis fili terminalis Pars pialis fili terminalis 5619 5620 5621 5622 5623 5624 5625 5626 ANOMALIAE MENINGUM Meningocoelia Meningocoelia cranialis Meningocoelia spinalis Encephalomeningocoelia Myelomeningocoelia Taenia dorsalis fibrosa Fistula spinodermalis 5627 Systema nervosum centrale 5628 5629 5630 5631 5632 5633 5634 Processus embryonici Formatio processuum Axonogenesis Dendritogenesis Selectio scopi Extensio axoni Conus incrementii FIPAT.library.dal.ca Leptomeninx Spatium leptomeningeum Filum terminale externum Filum terminale internum Encephalocoelia Tractus sinusoideus spinodermalis Monocyte Primordial meninx Skeletogenous layer Ectomeninx Internal periosteal layer Craniospinal dura mater Cranial dura mater Spinal dura mater Monocyte Primordial meninx Skeletogenous layer Ectomeninx Internal periosteal layer Craniospinal dura mater Cranial dura mater Spinal dura mater ENDOMENINX Craniospinal arachnoid Cranial arachnoid Spinal arachnoid Arachnoid trabecula Arachnoid villus Arachnoid granulation Subarachnoid space Craniospinal pia mater Cranial pia mater Spinal pia mater Root sheath Rootlet sheath Dural reflection Dural sinus Tela choroidea Filum terminale Dural part Pial part ENDOMENINX Craniospinal arachnoid Cranial arachnoid Spinal arachnoid Arachnoid trabecula Arachnoid villus Arachnoid granulation Subarachnoid space Craniospinal pia mater Cranial pia mater Spinal pia mater Root sheath Rootlet sheath Dural reflection Dural sinus Tela choroidea Filum terminale Dural part Pial part ANOMALIES OF MENINGES Meningocoele Cranial meningocoele Spinal meningocoele Encephalomeningocoele Myelomeningocoele Dorsal fibrous band Spinal dermal fistula ANOMALIES OF MENINGES Meningocele Cranial meningocele Spinal meningocele Encephalomeningocele Myelomeningocele Dorsal fibrous band Spinal dermal fistula Central nervous system Central nervous system Developmental processes Process formation Axonogenesis Dendritogenesis Target selection Axon outgrowth Growth cone Developmental processes Process formation Axonogenesis Dendritogenesis Target selection Axon outgrowth Growth cone TE2, Part 4 Leptomeninx Leptomeningeal space Endnote 321 Endnote 321 §Pacchioni§ Endnote 321 Dural venous sinus Terminal filum Coccygeal ligament Pial ligament Encephalocoele ; Encephalocele Spinal dermal sinus tract 192 5635 5636 5637 5638 5639 5640 5641 5642 5643 5644 5645 5646 5647 5648 5649 5650 5651 Rectio axoni Retractio axoni Exstinctio axoni Amputatio axoni Formatio synapsis Myelinisatio Formatio mesaxoni Compactio Extrusio cytoplasmalis Formatio nodi Migratio interkinetica nuclei Migratio neuronalis Migratio radialis Migratio tangentialis Migratio cateniformis Migratio cellulae glialis Canalisatio Axon guidance Axon retraction Axon elimination Axon pruning Synapse formation Myelination Mesaxon formation Compaction Cytoplasmic extrusion Node formation Interkinetic nuclear migration Neuronal migration Radial migration Tangential migration Chain migration Glial cell migration Canalisation Axon guidance Axon retraction Axon elimination Axon pruning Synapse formation Myelination Mesaxon formation Compaction Cytoplasmic extrusion Node formation Interkinetic nuclear migration Neuronal migration Radial migration Tangential migration Chain migration Glial cell migration Canalisation 5652 NOMINA ET PROCESSUS CELLULARIA Rete bacillorum terminalium Cellula progenetrix Cellula proliferativa Ependymoblastus Ependymocytus Ependymocytus choroideus Cellula supraependymalis Neuroepithelium columnare Cellula mitotica Epitheliocytus prismaticus Basis epitheliocyti prismatici Processus epitheliocyti prismatici Tanycytus Glia limitans Lamina basalis glialis superficialis Cellula migrans Spatio extracellularis Cellula neuralis staminalis Neuroblastus Neuron immaturum Neuron immaturum apolare Neuron immaturum unipolare Neuron immaturum bipolare Neuron immaturum multipolare Motoneuron Neuron sensorium CELLULAR TERMS AND EVENTS Internal limiting membrane Progenitor cell Proliferative cell Ependymoblast Ependymal cell Choroidal ependymal cell Supra-ependymal cell Columnar neuro-epithelium Mitotic cell Wedge-shaped epithelial cell Base Process Tanycyte Glia limitans Glia limitans basal layer CELLULAR TERMS AND EVENTS Internal limiting membrane Progenitor cell Proliferative cell Ependymoblast Ependymal cell Choroidal ependymal cell Supraependymal cell Columnar neuroepithelium Mitotic cell Wedgeshaped epithelial cell Base Process Tanycyte Glia limitans Glia limitans basal layer Migrating cell Extracellular space Neural stem cell Neuroblast Immature neuron Immature apolar neuron Immature unipolar neuron Immature bipolar neuron Immature multipolar neuron Motoneuron Sensory neuron Migrating cell Extracellular space Neural stem cell Neuroblast Immature neuron Immature apolar neuron Immature unipolar neuron Immature bipolar neuron Immature multipolar neuron Motoneuron Sensory neuron 5653 5654 5655 5656 5657 5658 5659 5660 5661 5662 5663 5664 5665 5666 5667 5668 5669 5670 5671 5672 5673 5674 5675 5676 5677 5678 FIPAT.library.dal.ca Membrana limitans interna Cellula germinativa Membrana limitans externa Neuron motorium TE2, Part 4 Endnote 322 Terminal bar net Germinal cell Ventricular cell Endnote 323 External limiting membrane Endnote 324 Motor neuron 193 5679 5680 5681 5682 5683 5684 5685 5686 5687 5688 5689 5690 5691 5692 5693 5694 5695 5696 5697 5698 5699 5700 5701 5702 5703 5704 5705 5706 Interneuron Neuron bipolare Neuron multipolare Processus neuri immaturi Neuritum Axon Dendritum Glioblastus Glioblastus radialis Translatio perikaryi gliocytalis Processus gliocyti Processus gliocyti radialis Processus oligodendrocyti Astroblastus Processus astrocyti Cellula oligodendrocytoprogenetrix Oligodendroblastus Oligodendrocytus Microglia Monocytus Substantia grisea Pallium Cortex Nucleus Substantia alba Tractus Formatio reticularis Neuropilus Interneuron Bipolar neuron Multipolar neuron Process of immature neuron Neurite Axon Dendrite Glioblast Radial glial cell Glial perikaryon translation Glial process Radial glial process Oligodendrocyte process Astroblast Astrocyte process Oligodendrocyte progenitor cell Oligodendroblast Oligodendrocyte Microglia Monocyte Grey matter Pallium Cortex Nucleus White matter Tract Reticular formation Neuropil Interneuron Bipolar neuron Multipolar neuron Process of immature neuron 5707 5708 5709 5710 5711 5712 5713 5714 5715 5716 5717 5718 TUBUS NEURALIS Canalis neuralis Canalis centralis Cavitas encephalica Liquor ependymalis Neuroporus Neuroporus rostralis Labium dorsale Labium terminale Situs neuroporicus Lamina terminalis primordialis Neuroporus caudalis NEURAL TUBE Neural canal Central canal Brain cavity Ependymal fluid Neuropore Rostral neuropore Dorsal lip Terminal lip Site of neuropore Primordial lamina terminalis Caudal neuropore NEURAL TUBE Neural canal Central canal Brain cavity Ependymal fluid Neuropore Rostral neuropore Dorsal lip Terminal lip Site of neuropore Primordial lamina terminalis Caudal neuropore 5719 Zonae longitudinales tubi neuralis Lamina dorsalis Epithelium plexus choroidei Lamina alaris Longitudinal zones of neural tube Roof plate Choroid plexus epithelium Alar plate Longitudinal zones of neural tube Roof plate Choroid plexus epithelium Alar plate 5720 5721 5722 FIPAT.library.dal.ca TE2, Part 4 Axon Dendrite Glioblast Radial glial cell Glial perikaryon translation Glial process Radial glial process Oligodendrocyte process Astroblast Astrocyte process Oligodendrocyte progenitor cell Oligodendroblast Oligodendrocyte Microglia Monocyte Gray matter Pallium Cortex Nucleus White matter Tract Reticular formation Neuropil Endnote 325 Grey substance; Gray substance Endnote 326 Endnote 327 Endnote 328 194 5723 5724 5725 Sulcus limitans Lamina basalis Lamina ventralis Sulcus limitans Basal plate Floor plate Sulcus limitans Basal plate Floor plate 5726 5727 5728 5729 5730 5731 5732 5733 5734 5735 5736 5737 5738 5739 5740 5741 5742 5743 5744 Derivativa tubi neuralis Vesicula prosencephalica Vesicula mesencephalica Vesicula rhombencephalica Medulla spinalis Rhombencephalon Truncus encephali Myelencephalon Metencephalon Pons Cerebellum Isthmus rhombencephali Mesencephalon Prosencephalon primarium Prosencephalon caudale Diencephalon Prosencephalon rostrale Hypothalamus Telencephalon Derivatives of neural tube Forebrain vesicle Mesencephalic vesicle Rhombencephalic vesicle Spinal cord Rhombencephalon Brain stem Myelencephalon Metencephalon Pons Cerebellum Rhombencephalic isthmus Mesencephalon Primary prosencephalon Caudal prosencephalon Diencephalon Rostral prosencephalon Hypothalamus Telencephalon Derivatives of neural tube Forebrain vesicle Mesencephalic vesicle Rhombencephalic vesicle Spinal cord Rhombencephalon Brain stem Myelencephalon Metencephalon Pons Cerebellum Rhombencephalic isthmus Mesencephalon Primary prosencephalon Caudal prosencephalon Diencephalon Rostral prosencephalon Hypothalamus Telencephalon 5745 5746 5747 DIFFERENTIATIO EPITHELII TUBI NEURALIS Phasis zonae unae Zona ventricularis DIFFERENTIATION OF NEURAL TUBE EPITHELIUM One-zone phase Ventricular zone DIFFERENTIATION OF NEURAL TUBE EPITHELIUM One zone phase Ventricular zone 5748 5749 5750 Phasis zonarum duarum Zona ventricularis Zona marginalis Matrix germinalis Two-zone phase Ventricular zone Marginal zone Two zone phase Ventricular zone Marginal zone Germinal matrix 5751 5752 5753 5754 Phasis zonarum trium Zona ventricularis Zona intermedia Zona marginalis Matrix germinalis Zona pallialis Three-zone phase Ventricular zone Intermediate zone Marginal zone Three zone phase Ventricular zone Intermediate zone Marginal zone Germinal matrix Mantle zone 5755 5756 ANOMALIAE TUBI NEURALIS Dysraphia ANOMALIES OF NEURAL TUBE Dysraphism ANOMALIES OF NEURAL TUBE Dysraphism 5757 5758 5759 5760 5761 5762 Anomaliae tubi neuralis spinalis Spina bifida aperta Myeloschisis Myelocoelia Myelomeningocoelia Meningocoelia Spinal neural tube defects Spina bifida aperta Myeloschisis Myelocoele Myelomeningocoele Meningocoele Spinal neural tube defects Spina bifida aperta Myeloschisis Myelocele Myelomeningocele Meningocele FIPAT.library.dal.ca Medulla oblongata; Bulbus Prosencephalon secundarium Differentiatio neuroectodermatis Matrix germinalis Spina bifida cystica TE2, Part 4 §His§ Endnote 329 Hindbrain Medulla oblongata; Bulb Midbrain Forebrain Secondary prosencephalon Endnote 330 Germinal matrix Neural tube defects Spina bifida cystica 195 5763 5764 5765 5766 5767 5768 5769 5770 5771 5772 5773 5774 5775 5776 5777 5778 5779 5780 5781 5782 5783 5784 5785 5786 5787 Spina bifida occulta Hydromyelia Syndroma notochordae fissae Sinus dermalis dorsalis Diastematomyelia Lipoma spinalis Medulla spinalis catenata Dysgenesis medullae spinalis caudalis Syndroma fili terminalis tenacis Lipoma fili terminalis Teratoma sacrococcygealis Syringomyelia terminalis Syndroma regressionis caudalis Spina bifida occulta Hydromyelia Split notochord syndrome Dorsal dermal sinus Diastematomyelia Spinal lipoma Tethered cord Caudal spinal cord dysgenesis Anomaliae tubi neuralis cranialis Anencephalia Craniorachischisis totalis Craniorachischisis partialis Iniencephalia Encephalomeningocoelia Meningocoelia cranialis Malformationes crescentiae cerebellaris Chiari I Chiari II Cranial neural tube defects Cranial neural tube defects Anencephaly Craniorachischisis totalis Craniorachischisis partialis Iniencephaly Encephalomeningocoele Cranial meningocoele Chiari malformations Anencephaly Craniorachischisis totalis Craniorachischisis partialis Iniencephaly Encephalomeningocele Cranial meningocele Chiari malformations Tight filum terminale syndrome Lipoma of filum terminale Sacrococcygeal teratoma Terminal syringomyelia Caudal regression syndrome Chiari III Chiari IV 5788 5789 5790 5791 5792 5793 5794 5795 MEDULLA SPINALIS Canalis centralis Recessus dorsalis Recessus ventralis Neuroepithelium Neuroepithelium dorsale Neuroepithelium intermedium Neuroepithelium ventrale 5796 5797 5798 5799 5800 5801 5802 Morphologia externa Sulcus medianus dorsalis Fissura mediana ventralis Conus medullaris Flexura cervicalis Intumescentia cervicalis Intumescentia lumbosacralis FIPAT.library.dal.ca Recessus posterior Recessus anterior Neuroepithelium posterius Neuroepithelium anterius Sulcus medianus posterior Fissura mediana anterior Spina bifida occulta Hydromyelia Split notochord syndrome Dorsal dermal sinus Diastematomyelia Spinal lipoma Tethered cord Caudal spinal cord dysgenesis Tight filum terminale syndrome Lipoma of filum terminale Sacrococcygeal teratoma Terminal syringomyelia Caudal regression syndrome Chiari I Chiari II Chiari I Chiari II Chiari III Chiari IV Chiari III Chiari IV SPINAL CORD Central canal Dorsal recess Ventral recess Neuroepithelium Dorsal neuroepithelium Intermediate neuroepithelium Ventral neuroepithelium SPINAL CORD Central canal Dorsal recess Ventral recess Neuroepithelium Dorsal neuroepithelium Intermediate neuroepithelium Ventral neuroepithelium External features Dorsal median sulcus Ventral median fissure Medullary cone Cervical flexure Cervical enlargement Lumbosacral enlargement External features Dorsal median sulcus Ventral median fissure Medullary cone Cervical flexure Cervical enlargement Lumbosacral enlargement TE2, Part 4 Meroencephaly Arnold-Chiari malformation; Arnold Chiari malformation Endnote 331 Posterior recess Anterior recess Posterior neuroepithelium Anterior neuroepithelium Posterior median sulcus Anterior median fissure 196 5803 Limen inter systemata nervosa centrale et periphericum Punctum egressus radicis motoriae Locus ingressus radicis dorsalis CNS-PNS interface CNS PNS interface Motor exit point Motor exit point Sensory entry point Sensory entry point Internal features Grey matter Dorsal column Dorsal horn Substantia gelatinosa Thoracic nucleus Intermediate zone Lateral horn Visceromotor nucleus Ventral column Ventral horn Spinal accessory motor nucleus Internal features Gray matter Dorsal column Dorsal horn Substantia gelatinosa Thoracic nucleus Intermediate zone Lateral horn Visceromotor nucleus Ventral column Ventral horn Spinal accessory motor nucleus 5818 5819 5820 5821 5822 5823 5824 5825 5826 Morphologia interna Substantia grisea Columna dorsalis Cornu dorsale Substantia gelatinosa Nucleus thoracicus Zona intermedia Cornu laterale Nucleus visceromotorius Columna ventralis Cornu ventrale Nucleus spinalis motorius accessorius Nucleus somaticus efferens Columna motoneurorum medialis Columna motoneurorum lateralis Aggregatio neurorum motorium Motoneuron Motoneuron α Motoneuron β Motoneuron γ Interneuron Somatic efferent nucleus Medial motoneuron column Lateral motoneuron column Motor pool Motoneuron α Motoneuron β Motoneuron γ Motoneuron Interneuron Somatic efferent nucleus Medial motoneuron column Lateral motoneuron column Motor pool Motoneuron α Motoneuron β Motoneuron γ Motoneuron Interneuron 5827 5828 5829 5830 5831 5832 5833 5834 5835 5836 5837 5838 Substantia alba Funiculus dorsalis Septum medianum dorsale Zona ingressus radicis dorsalis Zona collateralisationis dorsalis Tractus dorsolateralis Neurofibra ascendens Neurofibra descendens Funiculus lateralis Funiculus ventralis Commissura alba ventralis Extensio glialis White matter Dorsal funiculus Dorsal median septum Dorsal root entry zone Dorsal collateralization zone Dorsolateral tract Ascending nerve fibre Descending nerve fibre Lateral funiculus Ventral funiculus Ventral white commissure Glial extension White matter Dorsal funiculus Dorsal median septum Dorsal root entry zone Dorsal collateralization zone Dorsolateral tract Ascending nerve fiber Descending nerve fiber Lateral funiculus Ventral funiculus Ventral white commissure Glial extension 5839 ANOMALIAE MEDULLAE SPINALIS Amyelia Diplomyelia Diastematomyelia ANOMALIES OF SPINAL CORD ANOMALIES OF SPINAL CORD Amyelia Diplomyelia Split cord formation Amyelia Diplomyelia Split cord formation 5804 5805 5806 5807 5808 5809 5810 5811 5812 5813 5814 5815 5816 5817 5840 5841 5842 FIPAT.library.dal.ca Columna posterior Cornu posterius Nucleus dorsalis Columna anterior Cornu anterius Neuron motorium Funiculus posterior Septum medianum posterius Zona ingressus radicis posterioris Zona collateralisationis posterioris Tractus posterolateralis Funiculus anterior Commissura alba anterior TE2, Part 4 Grey substance; Gray substance Posterior column Posterior horn Dorsal nucleus §Clarke§ Anterior column Anterior horn Motor nucleus Motor neuron Posterior funiculus Posterior median septum Posterior root entry zone Posterior collateralization zone Posterolateral tract §Lissauer§ Anterior funiculus Anterior white commissure Glial outgrowth 197 5843 5844 5845 Syringomyelia Hydromyelia Medulla spinalis scissa Syringomyelia Hydromyelia Split cord deformity Syringomyelia Hydromyelia Split cord deformity 5846 HISTOGENESIS OF SPINAL CORD AND BRAIN STEM HISTOGENESIS OF SPINAL CORD AND BRAIN STEM 5847 5848 5849 HISTOGENESIS MEDULLAE SPINALIS ET TRUNCI ENCEPHALI Zona ventricularis Zona intermedia Zona marginalis Ventricular zone Intermediate zone Marginal zone Ventricular zone Intermediate zone Marginal zone 5850 5851 5852 5853 5854 5855 5856 5857 Encephalon Vesicula encephalica Vesicula prosencephalica Vesicula mesencephalica Vesicula rhombencephalica Placodae Placoda epipharyngea Placoda dorsolateralis Brain Brain vesicle Forebrain vesicle Mesencephalic vesicle Rhombencephalic vesicle Placodes Epipharyngeal placode Dorsolateral placode Brain Brain vesicle Forebrain vesicle Mesencephalic vesicle Rhombencephalic vesicle Placodes Epipharyngeal placode Dorsolateral placode 5858 5859 5860 5861 5862 Preneuromerus Prosencephalon secundarium Diencephalon Mesencephalon Rhombencephalon Preneuromere Secondary prosencephalon Diencephalon Mesencephalon Rhombencephalon Preneuromere Secondary prosencephalon Diencephalon Mesencephalon Rhombencephalon 5863 5864 5865 5866 5867 5868 Neuromerus Rhombomerus I-XI Neuromerus isthmicus Mesomerus I, II Prosomerus I-III Prosomerus hypothalami et telencephali I-II Rhombencephalon Rhombomerus Sulcus rhombicus Cavitas rhombencephalica Sulcus limitans Ventriculus quartus Tela choroidea Fissura choroidea Plexus choroideus Diverticulum medianum Apertura mediana Diverticulum laterale Apertura lateralis Neuromere Rhombomere 1-11 Isthmic neuromere Mesomere 1, 2 Prosomere 1-3 Hypothalamic and telencephalic prosomeres 1, 2 Rhombencephalon Rhombomere Rhombic groove Rhombencephalic cavity Sulcus limitans Fourth ventricle Tela choroidea Choroid fissure Choroid plexus Median diverticulum Median aperture Lateral diverticulum Lateral aperture Neuromere Rhombomere 1-11 Isthmic neuromere Mesomere 1, 2 Prosomere 1-3 Hypothalamic and telencephalic prosomeres 1, 2 Rhombencephalon Rhombomere Rhombic groove Rhombencephalic cavity Sulcus limitans Fourth ventricle Tela choroidea Choroid fissure Choroid plexus Median diverticulum Median aperture Lateral diverticulum Lateral aperture 5869 5870 5871 5872 5873 5874 5875 5876 5877 5878 5879 5880 5881 FIPAT.library.dal.ca Matrix germinalis Zona pallialis Rhombomerus 0 TE2, Part 4 Germinal matrix Mantle zone Endnote 332 Rh1-Rh11 Rhombomere 0; Rh0 M1, M2 P1-P3 Hp1, Hp2 Endnote 333 Endnote 334 Endnote 335 Endnote 336 Hindbrain §His§ §Magendie§ §Luschka§ 198 5882 5883 Canalis centralis medullae oblongatae Area postrema Central canal of medulla Central canal of medulla Area postrema Area postrema Longitudinal zones of brain stem nuclei Special somatic afferent nucleus Longitudinal zones of brain stem nuclei Special somatic afferent nucleus Vestibular nucleus Cochlear nucleus General somatic afferent nucleus Principal sensory nucleus of trigeminal nerve Spinal nucleus of trigeminal nerve Branchial afferent nucleus Nucleus of solitary tract Visceral afferent nucleus Nucleus of solitary tract Visceral efferent nucleus Branchial efferent nucleus 5890 Zonae longitudinales nuclei trunci encephali Nucleus somaticus afferens proprius Nucleus vestibularis Nucleus cochlearis Nucleus somaticus afferens Nucleus principalis nervi trigemini Nucleus spinalis nervi trigemini 5891 5892 5893 5894 5895 5896 Nucleus branchialis afferens Nucleus tractus solitarii Nucleus visceralis afferens Nucleus tractus solitarii Nucleus visceralis efferens Nucleus branchialis efferens Vestibular nucleus Cochlear nucleus General somatic afferent nucleus Principal sensory nucleus of trigeminal nerve Spinal nucleus of trigeminal nerve Branchial afferent nucleus Nucleus of solitary tract Visceral afferent nucleus Nucleus of solitary tract Visceral efferent nucleus Branchial efferent nucleus 5897 Nucleus somaticus efferens Somatic efferent nucleus Somatic efferent nucleus 5898 5899 5900 5901 5902 Rhombomerus Rhombomerus VIII-XI Nucleus nervi hypoglossi Nucleus ambiguus Nucleus visceromotorius nervi vagi 5903 5904 Nucleus cuneatus Nucleus gracilis Rhombomeres Rhombomeres 8-11 Hypoglossal nerve nucleus Nucleus ambiguus Visceromotor nucleus of nervus vagus Cuneate nucleus Gracile nucleus Rhombomeres Rhombomeres 8-11 Hypoglossal nerve nucleus Nucleus ambiguus Visceromotor nucleus of nervus vagus Cuneate nucleus Gracile nucleus 5905 5906 Rhombomerus VII Nucleus ambiguus Rhombomere 7 Nucleus ambiguus Rhombomere 7 Nucleus ambiguus 5907 5908 5909 Rhombomerus VI Nucleus nervi facialis Nucleus visceromotorius nervi glossopharyngei Rhombomere 6 Motor nucleus of facial nerve Visceromotor nucleus of glossopharyngeal nerve Rhombomere 6 Motor nucleus of facial nerve Visceromotor nucleus of glossopharyngeal nerve 5910 5911 5912 Rhombomerus V Nucleus nervi abducentis Nucleus visceromotorius nervi facialis Rhombomere 5 Abducens nerve nucleus Visceromotor nucleus of facial nerve Rhombomere 5 Abducens nerve nucleus Visceromotor nucleus of facial nerve 5913 5914 Rhombomerus IV Nucleus pontis Rhombomere 4 Pontine nucleus Rhombomere 4 Pontine nucleus 5884 5885 5886 5887 5888 5889 FIPAT.library.dal.ca Nucleus posterior nervi vagi; Nucleus dorsalis nervi vagi Nucleus salivatorius inferior Nucleus salivatorius superior TE2, Part 4 Somatosensory nucleus Special viscerosensory nucleus General viscerosensory nucleus Visceromotor nucleus Branchiomotor nucleus; Special visceral efferent nucleus Endnote 337 Posterior nucleus of vagus nerve; Dorsal nucleus of vagus nerve Inferior salivatory nucleus Abducent nerve nucleus Superior salivatory nucleus 199 5915 5916 5917 Rhombomerus III Nucleus pontis Nucleus motorius nervi trigemini Rhombomere 3 Pontine nucleus Motor nucleus of trigeminal nerve Rhombomere 3 Pontine nucleus Motor nucleus of trigeminal nerve 5918 5919 Rhombomerus II Nucleus motorius nervi trigemini Rhombomere 2 Motor nucleus of trigeminal nerve Rhombomere 2 Motor nucleus of trigeminal nerve 5920 5921 Rhombomerus I Locus caeruleus Rhombomere 1 Locus caeruleus Rhombomere 1 Locus caeruleus Locus coeruleus 5922 Myelencephalon Myelencephalon Myelencephalon Medulla oblongata; Bulb 5923 5924 5925 5926 Morphologia externa Flexura cervicalis Flexura pontina Sulcus transversus rhombencephali Pyramis External features Cervical flexure Pontine flexure Transverse rhombencephalic sulcus Pyramid External features Cervical flexure Pontine flexure Transverse rhombencephalic sulcus Pyramid Grey substance Roof plate Caudal membranous area Myelencephalic alar plate Gracile nucleus Cuneate nucleus Rhombic lip of alar plate Gray substance Roof plate Caudal membranous area Myelencephalic alar plate Gracile nucleus Cuneate nucleus Rhombic lip of alar plate 5935 5936 5937 5938 5939 5940 5941 5942 5943 5944 5945 5946 5947 5948 Substantia grisea Lamina dorsalis Area membranacea caudalis Lamina alaris myelencephali Nucleus gracilis Nucleus cuneatus Labium rhomboideum laminae alaris Labium rhomboideum caudale Corpus pontobulbare Nucleus pontis Nucleus cochlearis Complexus olivarius inferior Labium rhomboideum rostrale Sulcus limitans Lamina basalis Nucleus nervi hypoglossi Nucleus ambiguus Nucleus arcuatus Nucleus reticularis Formatio reticularis Lamina ventralis Lower rhombic lip Pontobulbar body Pontine nucleus Cochlear nucleus Inferior olivary complex Upper rhombic lip Sulcus limitans Basal plate Hypoglossal motor nucleus Nucleus ambiguus Arcuate nucleus Reticular nucleus Reticular formation Floor plate Lower rhombic lip Pontobulbar body Pontine nucleus Cochlear nucleus Inferior olivary complex Upper rhombic lip Sulcus limitans Basal plate Hypoglossal motor nucleus Nucleus ambiguus Arcuate nucleus Reticular nucleus Reticular formation Floor plate 5949 5950 5951 Substantia alba Fasciculus longitudinalis medialis Pedunculus cerebellaris inferior White substance Medial longitudinal fasciculus Inferior cerebellar peduncle White substance Medial longitudinal fasciculus Inferior cerebellar peduncle 5927 5928 5929 5930 5931 5932 5933 5934 FIPAT.library.dal.ca Medulla oblongata; Bulbus TE2, Part 4 Grey matter; Gray matter Endnote 338 §His§ White matter 200 5952 Decussatio lemniscorum medialium Decussatio pyramidum Decussation of medial lemnisci Decussation of medial lemnisci Sensory decussation Pyramidal decussation Pyramidal decussation Motor decussation; Decussation of corticospinal fibres; Decussation of corticospinal fibers Metencephalon Metencephalic alar plate Rostral membranous area Sulcus limitans Metencephalic basal plate Tegmentum of pons Prepontine tegmentum Parabrachial nucleus Locus caeruleus Trochlear nerve nucleus Dorsal raphé nucleus Motor nucleus of trigeminal nerve Pontine tegmentum Metencephalon Metencephalic alar plate Rostral membranous area Sulcus limitans Metencephalic basal plate Tegmentum of pons Prepontine tegmentum Parabrachial nucleus Locus caeruleus Trochlear nerve nucleus Dorsal raphé nucleus Motor nucleus of trigeminal nerve Pontine tegmentum Pons and Cerebellum 5968 5969 5970 5971 5972 5973 5974 5975 5976 Metencephalon Lamina alaris metencephali Area membranacea rostralis Sulcus limitans Lamina basalis metencephali Tegmentum pontis Tegmentum prepontinum Nucleus parabrachialis Locus caeruleus Nucleus nervi trochlearis Nucleus raphes dorsalis Nucleus motorius nervi trigemini Tegmentum pontinum sensu stricto Nucleus motorius nervi trigemini Nucleus raphes pontis Tegmentum retropontinum Nucleus nervi abducentis Nucleus nervi facialis Nucleus raphes magnus Pars basilaris pontis Nuclei pontis Pedunculus cerebellaris medius Fibrae pontis transversae Motor nucleus of trigeminal nerve Pontine raphé nucleus Retropontine tegmentum Abducens nerve nucleus Motor nucleus of facial nerve Raphé magnus nucleus Basilar part of pons Pontine nuclei Middle cerebellar peduncle Transverse pontine fibres Motor nucleus of trigeminal nerve Pontine raphé nucleus Retropontine tegmentum Abducens nerve nucleus Motor nucleus of facial nerve Raphé magnus nucleus Basilar part of pons Pontine nuclei Middle cerebellar peduncle Transverse pontine fibers 5977 5978 5979 Cerebellum Primordia cerebelli Tuberculum cerebelli Cerebellum Cerebellar primordia Cerebellar tubercle Cerebellum Cerebellar primordia Cerebellar tubercle Cerebellar plate Intraventricular part of cerebellum Extraventricular part of cerebellum External granular layer Eversion of cerebellum Fissuration of cerebellum Cerebellar fissure Lobulation of cerebellum Cerebellar lobule Cerebellar plate Intraventricular part of cerebellum Extraventricular part of cerebellum External granular layer Eversion of cerebellum Fissuration of cerebellum Cerebellar fissure Lobulation of cerebellum Cerebellar lobule 5953 5954 5955 5956 5957 5958 5959 5960 5961 5962 5963 5964 5965 5966 5967 5980 5981 Lamina cerebellaris Cerebellum intraventriculare 5982 Cerebellum extraventriculare 5983 5984 5985 5986 5987 5988 Lamina granularis externa Eversio cerebelli Fissuratio cerebelli Fissura cerebelli Lobulatio cerebelli Lobulus cerebelli FIPAT.library.dal.ca TE2, Part 4 §His§ Pontine tegmentum Rh0-Rh2 Endnote 339 Locus coeruleus In Rh2 Rh3,4 In Rh3 Rh5,6 Basal pons §Hochstetter§ Endnote 340 Internal cerebellar protuberance §Hochstetter§ External cerebellar protuberance §Hochstetter§ Superficial matrix 201 5989 5990 Foliatio cerebelli Folium cerebelli Foliation of cerebellum Cerebellar folium Foliation of cerebellum Cerebellar folium 5991 5992 5993 5994 5995 5996 5997 5998 5999 6000 6001 6002 6003 Subdivisiones cerebelli Vestibulocerebellum Spinocerebellum Pontocerebellum Vermis Hemispherium cerebelli Corpus cerebelli Lobus anterior Fissura prima Lobus posterior Fissura posterolateralis Lobus flocculonodularis Nucleus cerebelli Subdivisions of cerebellum Vestibulocerebellum Spinocerebellum Pontocerebellum Vermis Cerebellar hemisphere Corpus cerebelli Anterior lobe Primary fissure Posterior lobe Posterolateral fissure Flocculonodular lobe Cerebellar nucleus Subdivisions of cerebellum Vestibulocerebellum Spinocerebellum Pontocerebellum Vermis Cerebellar hemisphere Corpus cerebelli Anterior lobe Primary fissure Posterior lobe Posterolateral fissure Flocculonodular lobe Cerebellar nucleus 6004 HISTOGENESIS CEREBELLI 6005 6006 6007 Compartimenta proliferativa Lamina alaris metencephali Zona ventricularis cerebelli HISTOGENESIS OF CEREBELLUM Proliferative compartments Metencephalic alar plate Ventricular zone of cerebellum HISTOGENESIS OF CEREBELLUM Proliferative compartments Metencephalic alar plate Ventricular zone of cerebellum 6008 6009 Stratum palliale cerebelli Labium rhomboideum laminae alaris Stratum granulosum externum cerebelli Mantle layer of cerebellum Rhombic lip of alar plate Mantle layer of cerebellum Rhombic lip of alar plate External granular layer of cerebellum External granular layer of cerebellum Cell types Neuroblast Immature Purkinje cell Immature cerebellar nuclear neuron Immature large Golgi cell Cell types Neuroblast Immature Purkinje cell Immature cerebellar nuclear neuron Immature large Golgi cell Immature small Golgi cell Immature small Golgi cell 6017 6018 6019 6020 6021 6022 Typi cellularum Neuroblastus Neuron purkinjense immaturum Neuron nucleare cerebelli immaturum Neuron golgiense magnum immaturum Neuron golgiense parvum immaturum Neuron corbiforme immaturum Neuron granulosum immaturum Translatio neuroblasti Glioblastus Glioblastus radialis Glioblastus radialis secundarius Immature basket cell Immature granule cell Neuroblast translation Glioblast Radial glioblast Secondary radial glioblast Immature basket cell Immature granule cell Neuroblast translation Glioblast Radial glioblast Secondary radial glioblast 6023 6024 6025 Phases histogeneticae Phasis zonae unae Zona ventricularis Histogenetic phases One-zone phase Ventricular zone Histogenetic phases One zone phase Ventricular zone 6010 6011 6012 6013 6014 6015 6016 FIPAT.library.dal.ca Stratum germinale internum cerebelli Matrix germinalis TE2, Part 4 Endnote 341 Body of cerebellum Internal germinal layer of cerebellum §Golgi§ Endnote 342 Endnote 343 Endnote 344 Germinal matrix 202 6026 6027 6028 Phasis zonarum duarum Zona ventricularis Zona marginalis Stratum moleculare Two-zone phase Ventricular zone Marginal zone Two zone phase Ventricular zone Marginal zone Molecular layer 6029 6030 6031 6032 Phasis zonarum trium Zona ventricularis Zona intermedia Zona marginalis Stratum palliale Stratum moleculare Three-zone phase Ventricular zone Intermediate zone Marginal zone Three zone phase Ventricular zone Intermediate zone Marginal zone Mantle zone Molecular layer 6033 6034 6035 6036 6037 Phasis zonarum quattor Zona ventricularis Zona intermedia Zona marginalis Stratum germinale externum cerebelli Four-zone phase Ventricular zone Intermediate zone Marginal zone External germinal layer of cerebellum Four zone phase Ventricular zone Intermediate zone Marginal zone External germinal layer of cerebellum 6038 6039 6040 6041 6042 6043 Phasis zonarum quinque Zona ventricularis Zona intermedia Stratum purkinjense fetale Stratum moleculare Stratum germinale externum cerebelli Five-zone phase Ventricular zone Intermediate zone Fetal Purkinje cell layer Molecular layer External germinal layer of cerebellum Five zone phase Ventricular zone Intermediate zone Fetal Purkinje cell layer Molecular layer External germinal layer of cerebellum 6044 6045 6046 6047 6048 6049 6050 Phasis zonarum sex Zona ventricularis Zona intermedia Stratum granulare internum Stratum purkinjense fetale Stratum moleculare Stratum germinale externum cerebelli Six-zone phase Ventricular zone Intermediate zone Internal granular layer Fetal Purkinje cell layer Molecular layer External granular layer of cerebellum Six zone phase Ventricular zone Intermediate zone Internal granular layer Fetal Purkinje cell layer Molecular layer External granular layer of cerebellum 6051 6052 6053 6054 6055 6056 6057 Phasis definitiva Ependyma cerebellare Substantia alba cerebelli Stratum granulare internum Stratum purkinjense Stratum moleculare Stratum germinale externum cerebelli Definitive phase Cerebellar ependyma Cerebellar white matter Internal granular layer Purkinje cell layer Molecular layer External germinal later of cerebellum Definitive phase Cerebellar ependyma Cerebellar white matter Internal granular layer Purkinje cell layer Molecular layer External germinal later of cerebellum 6058 6059 Isthmus rhombencephali Conditor liminis inter mesencephalon et rhombencephalon Rhombencephalic isthmus Midbrain-hindbrain boundary organizer Rhombencephalic isthmus Midbrainhindbrain boundary organizer FIPAT.library.dal.ca Stratum moleculare Substantia alba cerebelli TE2, Part 4 Molecular layer Cerebellar white matter External granular layer External granular layer Isthmic organizer Endnote 345 203 6060 6061 6062 6063 6064 6065 6066 6067 6068 6069 6070 6071 6072 Neuromerus isthmicus Lamina dorsalis isthmica Velum medullare superius Lamina alaris isthmica Nucleus parabrachialis Sulcus limitans Lamina basalis isthmica Nucleus nervi trochlearis Pars isthmica substantiae nigrae Lamina ventralis isthmica Recessus isthmicus Sulcus isthmicus Pedunculus cerebellaris superior 6073 6074 6075 Mesencephalon Cavitas mesencephalica Evaginatio mesencephalica dorsalis Frenulum veli Sulcus limitans Aqueductus mesencephali Flexura mesencephalica Mesomerus II Mesomerus I Lamina dorsalis Lamina alaris Tectum mesencephali Corpus bigeminum Crista collicularis Lamina tecti 6076 6077 6078 6079 6080 6081 6082 6083 6084 6085 6086 6087 6088 6089 6090 6091 6092 6093 6094 6095 6096 6097 6098 Colliculus superior Commissura colliculorum superiorum Colliculus inferior Commissura colliculorum inferiorum Nucleus mesencephalicus nervi trigemini Lamina basalis Tegmentum mesencephali Nucleus nervi oculomotorii Nucleus visceromotorius nervi oculomotorii Nucleus ruber Substantia nigra FIPAT.library.dal.ca Rhombomerus 0 Aqueductus cerebri Lamina quadrigemina; Corpora quadrigemina; Colliculi Isthmic neuromere Isthmic roofplate Superior medullary velum Alar plate of isthmus Parabrachial nucleus Sulcus limitans Basal plate of isthmus Trochlear nerve nucleus Isthmic part of substantia nigra Floor plate of isthmus Isthmic recess Isthmic sulcus Superior cerebellar peduncle Isthmic neuromere Isthmic roofplate Superior medullary velum Alar plate of isthmus Parabrachial nucleus Sulcus limitans Basal plate of isthmus Trochlear nerve nucleus Isthmic part of substantia nigra Floor plate of isthmus Isthmic recess Isthmic sulcus Superior cerebellar peduncle Rhombomere 0 Mesencephalon Mesencephalic cavity Dorsal mesencephalic evagination Mesencephalon Mesencephalic cavity Dorsal mesencephalic evagination Midbrain Frenulum veli Sulcus limitans Cerebral aqueduct Mesencephalic flexure Mesomere 2 Mesomere 1 Roof plate Alar plate Tectum of midbrain Corpus bigeminum Collicular ridge Tectal plate Frenulum veli Sulcus limitans Cerebral aqueduct Mesencephalic flexure Mesomere 2 Mesomere 1 Roof plate Alar plate Tectum of midbrain Corpus bigeminum Collicular ridge Tectal plate Aqueduct of midbrain Tectal midbrain Quadrigeminal plate; Colliculi Superior colliculus Superior collicular commissure Superior colliculus Superior collicular commissure Commissure of superior colliculi Inferior colliculus Inferior collicular commissure Inferior colliculus Inferior collicular commissure Commissure of inferior colliculi Mesencephalic nucleus of trigeminal nerve Basal plate Mesencephalic tegmentum Oculomotor nerve nucleus Visceromotor nucleus of oculomotor nerve Red nucleus Substantia nigra TE2, Part 4 Mesencephalic nucleus of trigeminal nerve Basal plate Mesencephalic tegmentum Oculomotor nerve nucleus Visceromotor nucleus of oculomotor nerve Red nucleus Substantia nigra §His§ §Sylvius§ Autonomic nucleus of oculomotor nerve §Edinger-Westphal§ 204 6099 6100 Floor plate Decussation of superior cerebellar peduncles Cerebral peduncle Floor plate Decussation of superior cerebellar peduncles Cerebral peduncle Anomaliae trunci encephali et cerebelli Anomaliae trunci encephali Syringobulbia Disinnervationes congenitales nervorum cranalium Anomalies of brain stem and cerebellum Anomalies of brain stem Syringobulbia Congenital cranial dysinnervation disorders Anomalies of brain stem and cerebellum Anomalies of brain stem Syringobulbia Congenital cranial dysinnervation disorders 6106 6107 6108 6109 6110 6111 6112 6113 6114 6115 Anomaliae cerebelli Agenesis cerebelli Dysplasia cerebelli Hypoplasia cerebelli Dysraphia tectocerebellaris Rhombencephalosynapsis Malformatio vermis Agenesis vermis Hypoplasia vermis Malformatio hemispherii cerebelli 6116 Hypoplasia pontocerebellaris Anomalies of cerebellum Agenesis of cerebellum Cerebellar dysplasia Hypoplasia of cerebellum Tectocerebellar dysraphia Rhombencephalosynapsis Malformation of vermis Agenesis of vermis Hypoplasia of vermis Malformation of cerebellar hemisphere Pontocerebellar hypoplasia Anomalies of cerebellum Agenesis of cerebellum Cerebellar dysplasia Hypoplasia of cerebellum Tectocerebellar dysraphia Rhombencephalosynapsis Malformation of vermis Agenesis of vermis Hypoplasia of vermis Malformation of cerebellar hemisphere Pontocerebellar hypoplasia 6117 6118 6119 6120 6121 6122 6123 Prosencephalon Divisiones prosencephali Prosencephalon primarium Prosencephalon caudale Prosomerus diencephalicus Prosencephalon rostrale Prosomeri hypothalamici et telencephalici Forebrain Subdivisions of prosencephalon Primary prosencephalon Caudal prosencephalon Diencephalic prosomere Rostral prosencephalon Hypothalamic and telencephalic prosomeres Forebrain Subdivisions of prosencephalon Primary prosencephalon Caudal prosencephalon Diencephalic prosomere Rostral prosencephalon Hypothalamic and telencephalic prosomeres 6124 6125 6126 6127 6128 6129 6130 6131 6132 6133 Diencephalon Divisiones diencephali Prosomerus I Pretectum Tegmentum pretectale Prosomerus II Epithalamus Thalamus Tegmentum thalami Zona limitans intrathalamica Pars alaris prosomeri II Pars alaris prosomeri II Pars basalis prosomeri II Limes medius diencephali Diencephalon Subdivisions of diencephalon Prosomere 1 Pretectum Pretectal tegmentum Prosomere 2 Epithalamus Thalamus Thalamic tegmentum Zona limitans intrathalamica Diencephalon Subdivisions of diencephalon Prosomere 1 Pretectum Pretectal tegmentum Prosomere 2 Epithalamus Thalamus Thalamic tegmentum Zona limitans intrathalamica 6134 6135 Prosomerus III Eminentia prethalamica Pars alaris prosomeri III Prosomere 3 Prethalamic eminence Prosomere 3 Prethalamic eminence 6101 6102 6103 6104 6105 Lamina ventralis Decussatio pedunculorum cerebellarium superiorum Pedunculus cerebri FIPAT.library.dal.ca Crus cerebri Prosencephalon secundarium Pars alaris prosomeri I Pars basalis prosomeri I TE2, Part 4 Crus cerebri Endnote 346 Endnote 347 CCDD Endnote 348 Cerebellar agenesis Cerebellar hypoplasia Endnote 349 Endnote 350 Secondary prosencephalon P1 Alar part of P1 Basal part of P1 P2 Alar part of P2 Alar part of P2 Basal part of P2 Mid-diencephalic boundary; Mid diencephalic boundary P3 Alar part of P3 Endnote 351 §Rendahl§ Endnote 352 205 6136 6137 6138 6139 6140 6141 6142 6143 6144 6145 6146 6147 6148 6149 6150 6151 6152 6153 6154 6155 6156 6157 6158 6159 6160 6161 6162 6163 6164 6165 6166 6167 6168 6169 6170 6171 6172 6173 6174 6175 Prethalamus Tegmentum prethalami Tegmentum diencephali Derivativa zonarum longitudinalium diencephali Lamina dorsalis Commissura posterior Epiphysis cerebri Commissura habenularum Tela choroidea Lamina alaris Pretectum Nuclei pretectales Nucleus commissurae posterioris Epithalamus Nucleus habenularis Thalamus Nuclei thalami Nuclei anteriores thalami Nucleus anterodorsalis Nucleus dorsalis lateralis Nuclei mediales thalami Nucleus mediodorsalis Nuclei intralaminares thalami Nucleus centromedianus Nuclei laterales thalami Nucleus ventralis anterior Nucleus ventrolateralis anterior Nucleus ventralis posterolateralis Nuclei periventriculares thalami Nucleus reuniens Nuclei posteriores thalami Pulvinar Nucleus lateralis posterior Corpus geniculatum laterale Corpus geniculatum mediale Eminentia prethalamica Stria medullaris prethalami Prethalamus Nucleus reticularis prethalami Zona incerta FIPAT.library.dal.ca Pars alaris prosomeri III Pars basalis prosomeri III Tegmentum prerubrale Glandula pinealis Stria medullaris thalami Nucleus reticularis thalami Prethalamus Prethalamic tegmentum Diencephalic tegmentum Derivatives of diencephalic longitudinal zones Roof plate Posterior commissure Epiphysis Habenular commissure Tela choroidea Prethalamus Prethalamic tegmentum Diencephalic tegmentum Derivatives of diencephalic longitudinal zones Roof plate Posterior commissure Epiphysis Habenular commissure Tela choroidea Alar plate Pretectum Pretectal nuclei Nucleus of posterior commissure Alar plate Pretectum Pretectal nuclei Nucleus of posterior commissure Epithalamus Habenular nucleus Thalamus Thalamic nuclei Anterior nuclei of thalamus Anterodorsal nucleus Laterodorsal nucleus Medial nuclei of thalamus Mediodorsal nucleus Intralaminar nuclei of thalamus Centromedian nucleus Lateral nuclei of thalamus Ventral anterior nucleus Anterior ventrolateral nucleus Epithalamus Habenular nucleus Thalamus Thalamic nuclei Anterior nuclei of thalamus Anterodorsal nucleus Laterodorsal nucleus Medial nuclei of thalamus Mediodorsal nucleus Intralaminar nuclei of thalamus Centromedian nucleus Lateral nuclei of thalamus Ventral anterior nucleus Anterior ventrolateral nucleus Ventral posterolateral nucleus Periventricular nuclei of thalamus Nucleus reuniens Posterior nuclei of thalamus Pulvinar Lateral posterior nucleus Lateral geniculate body Medial geniculate body Prethalamic eminence Stria medullaris prethalami Prethalamus Reticular nucleus of prethalamus Zona incerta Ventral posterolateral nucleus Periventricular nuclei of thalamus Nucleus reuniens Posterior nuclei of thalamus Pulvinar Lateral posterior nucleus Lateral geniculate body Medial geniculate body Prethalamic eminence Stria medullaris prethalami Prethalamus Reticular nucleus of prethalamus Zona incerta TE2, Part 4 Alar part of P3 Basal part of P3 Prerubral tegmentum Pineal gland Endnote 353 In P1 In P2 In P2-P3 In P1 Endnote 354 In P2 In P2 Endnote 355 Midline nuclei Stria medullaris thalami Reticular nucleus of thalamus In P3 In P3 206 6176 6177 6178 6179 Lamina basalis Nucleus interstitialis Nucleus ellipticus Pars diencephalica substantiae nigrae Basal plate Interstitial nucleus Elliptic nucleus Diencephalic part of substantia nigra Basal plate Interstitial nucleus Elliptic nucleus Diencephalic part of substantia nigra In P1-P3 §Cajal§ §Darkschewitsch§ Endnote 356 6180 6181 Lamina ventralis Pars diencephalica areae tegmentalis ventralis Floor plate Diencephalic part of ventral tegmental area Floor plate Diencephalic part of ventral tegmental area In P1-P3 §Tsai§ 6182 6183 Prosencephalon secundarium Prosomeri hypothalamici et telencephalici Prosencephalon secundarium caudale Hypothalamus caudalis Vesicula telencephalica Prosencephalon secundarium rostrale Hypothalamus rostralis Telencephalon preopticum Secondary prosencephalon Hypothalamic and telencephalic prosomeres Caudal secondary prosencephalon Secondary prosencephalon Hypothalamic and telencephalic prosomeres Caudal secondary prosencephalon Caudal hypothalamus Telencephalic vesicle Rostral secondary prosencephalon Caudal hypothalamus Telencephalic vesicle Rostral secondary prosencephalon 6184 6185 6186 6187 6188 6189 6190 6191 6192 6193 6194 6195 6196 6197 6198 6199 6200 6201 6202 6203 6204 6205 6206 6207 6208 6209 6210 Hypothalamus peduncularis Hypothalamus terminalis Rostral hypothalamus Preoptic telencephalon Rostral hypothalamus Preoptic telencephalon Derivativa zonarum longitudinalium prosencephali secundarii Lamina dorsalis Tela choroidea Lamina commissuralis septalis Commissura anterior Derivatives of longitudinal zones of secondary prosencephalon Roof plate Tela choroidea Septal commissural plate Anterior commissue Derivatives of longitudinal zones of secondary prosencephalon Roof plate Tela choroidea Septal commissural plate Anterior commissue Lamina alaris Pars alaris hypothalami caudalis Area paraventricularis peduncularis Nucleus paraventricularis Area subparaventricularis peduncularis Hypothalamus anterior Vesicula telencephalica Pallium Pallium mediale Pallium dorsale Pallium laterale Pallium ventrale Subpallium Striatum Pallidum Area diagonalis Alar plate Alar part of caudal hypothalamus Peduncular paraventricular area Alar plate Alar part of caudal hypothalamus Peduncular paraventricular area Paraventricular nucleus Peduncular subparaventricular area Anterior hypothalamus Telencephalic vesicle Pallium Medial pallium Dorsal pallium Lateral pallium Ventral pallium Subpallium Striatum Pallidum Diagonal band area Paraventricular nucleus Peduncular subparaventricular area Anterior hypothalamus Telencephalic vesicle Pallium Medial pallium Dorsal pallium Lateral pallium Ventral pallium Subpallium Striatum Pallidum Diagonal band area FIPAT.library.dal.ca Diverticulum telencephalicum TE2, Part 4 Peduncular hypothalamus Terminal hypothalamus Telencephalic diverticulum 207 6211 6212 6213 6214 6215 6216 6217 6218 Area preoptica Pars alaris hypothalami rostralis Area paraventricularis terminalis Nucleus supraopticus Area subparaventricularis terminalis Nucleus suprachiasmaticus Telencephalon preopticum Crista neuralis anterior 6219 6220 6221 6222 6223 6224 6225 6226 6227 6228 Lamina basalis Pars basalis hypothalami caudalis Area retrotuberalis Hypothalamus posterior Area retromammillaris Nucleus subthalamicus Pars basalis hypothalami rostralis Area tuberalis Pars neuralis hypophysis Area mammillaris 6229 Suprachiasmatic nucleus Preoptic telencephalon Anterior neural ridge Preoptic area Alar part of rostral hypothalamus Terminal paraventricular area Supraoptic nucleus Terminal subparaventricular area Suprachiasmatic nucleus Preoptic telencephalon Anterior neural ridge Basal plate Basal part of caudal hypothalamus Retrotuberal area Posterior hypothalamus Retromammillary area Subthalamic nucleus Basal part of rostral hypothalamus Tuberal area Neurohypophysis Mammillary area Basal plate Basal part of caudal hypothalamus Retrotuberal area Posterior hypothalamus Retromammillary area Subthalamic nucleus Basal part of rostral hypothalamus Tuberal area Neurohypophysis Mammillary area Lamina ventralis Floor plate Floor plate 6230 6231 6232 6233 6234 6235 6236 6237 6238 6239 6240 6241 6242 6243 6244 PROSENCEPHALON Morphologia interna Cavitas prosencephalica Cavitas diencephalica Pars diencephalica ventriculi tertii Paraphysis Recessus diencephali Diverticulum pineale Recessus pinealis Recessus suprapinealis Prominentia thalami Adhesio interthalamica Crista marginalis Facies ventricularis prethalami Sulcus hypothalamicus PROSENCEPHALON Internal features Prosencephalic cavity Diencephalic cavity Diencephalic part of third ventricle Paraphysis Diencephalic recesses Pineal diverticulum Pineal recess Suprapineal recess Thalamic prominence Interthalamic adhesion Marginal ridge Prethalamic ventricular surface Hypothalamic sulcus PROSENCEPHALON Internal features Prosencephalic cavity Diencephalic cavity Diencephalic part of third ventricle Paraphysis Diencephalic recesses Pineal diverticulum Pineal recess Suprapineal recess Thalamic prominence Interthalamic adhesion Marginal ridge Prethalamic ventricular surface Hypothalamic sulcus 6245 6246 6247 6248 6249 Tela choroidea Fissura choroidea Plexus choroideus Velum transversum Lamina affixa Tela choroidea Choroid fissure Choroid plexus Velum transversum Lamina affixa Tela choroidea Choroid fissure Choroid plexus Velum transversum Lamina affixa 6250 6251 Cavitas hypothalamica Pars hypothalamica ventriculi tertii Hypothalamic cavity Hypothalamic part of third ventricle Hypothalamic cavity Hypothalamic part of third ventricle FIPAT.library.dal.ca Preoptic area Alar part of rostral hypothalamus Terminal paraventricular area Supraoptic nucleus Terminal subparaventricular area Telencephalon medium impar Corpus mammillare Facies ventricularis thalami Massa intermedia Crista limitans TE2, Part 4 Unpaired telencephalon medium Endnote 357 §Luys§ Mammillary body Endnote 358 Diencephalic part Endnote 359 Thalamic ventricular surface Massa intermedia Limiting intrathalamic ridge Endnote 360 §Monro§ Endnote 361 Endnote 362 Endnote 363 208 6252 6253 6254 6255 Recessus supramammillaris Recessus inframammillaris Recessus infundibuli Recessus preopticus 6256 6257 6258 6259 6260 6261 6262 6263 6264 6265 6266 6267 6268 Regio optica Sulcus opticus Vesicula optica Cavitas vesiculae opticae Pedunculus opticus Cupula optica Cavitas cupulae opticae Tractus opticus Primordium chiasmatis Chiasma opticum Commissura supraoptica Fissura optica Discus nervi optici 6269 6270 Recessus retromammillaris Recessus premammillaris Supramammillary recess Inframammillary recess Infundibular recess Preoptic recess Supramammillary recess Inframammillary recess Infundibular recess Preoptic recess Optic region Optic groove Optic vesicle Cavity of optic vesicle Optic stalk Optic cup Cavity of optic cup Optic tract Chiasmatic plate Optic chiasm Supraoptic commissure Optic fissure Optic disc Optic region Optic groove Optic vesicle Cavity of optic vesicle Optic stalk Optic cup Cavity of optic cup Optic tract Chiasmatic plate Optic chiasm Supraoptic commissure Optic fissure Optic disc Cavitas telencephalica Recessus preopticus Telencephalic cavity Preoptic recess Telencephalic cavity Preoptic recess 6271 6272 6273 6274 6275 6276 6277 6278 6279 6280 6281 Lamina terminalis Lamina terminalis embryonalis Massa commissuralis Lamina terminalis definitiva Lamina commissuralis Corpus callosum Commissura hippocampalis Commissura anterior Septum pellucidum Velum medullare mediale Cavum septi pellucidi rostrale 6282 Cavum septi pellucidi caudale Lamina terminalis Embryonic lamina terminalis Massa commissuralis Definitive lamina terminalis Commissural plate Corpus callosum Hippocampal commissure Anterior commissure Septum pellucidum Medial medullary velum Rostral cavity of septum pellucidum Caudal cavity of septum pellucidum Torus hemisphericus Diencephalic-telencephalic sulcus Lamina terminalis Embryonic lamina terminalis Massa commissuralis Definitive lamina terminalis Commissural plate Corpus callosum Hippocampal commissure Anterior commissure Septum pellucidum Medial medullary velum Rostral cavity of septum pellucidum Caudal cavity of septum pellucidum Torus hemisphericus Diencephalic telencephalic sulcus Lateral ventricle Lateral ventricular eminence Intereminential sulcus Medial ventricular eminence Terminal sulcus Caudal ventricular eminence Gangliothalamic body Lateral ventricle Lateral ventricular eminence Intereminential sulcus Medial ventricular eminence Terminal sulcus Caudal ventricular eminence Gangliothalamic body 6283 6284 Torus hemisphericus Sulcus diencephalicotelencephalicus 6285 6286 6287 6288 6289 6290 6291 Ventriculus lateralis Eminentia ventricularis lateralis Sulcus intereminentialis Eminentia ventricularis medialis Sulcus terminalis Eminentia ventricularis caudalis Corpus gangliothalamicum FIPAT.library.dal.ca Torus opticus Commissura postoptica Fissura retinae Massa commissuralis septi Cavum septi pellucidi Eminentia ganglionaris lateralis Eminentia ganglionaris medialis Eminentia ganglionaris caudalis TE2, Part 4 Retromammillary recess Premammillary recess Optic sulcus Optic chiasma Postoptic commissure Retinal fissure Endnote 364 Septal commissural plate Endnote 365 Cavum vergae §Verga§ Endnote 366 Lateral ganglionic eminence Endnote 367 Medial ganglionic eminence Endnote 368 Caudal ganglionic eminence Endnote 369 Endnote 370 209 6292 6293 6294 6295 6296 6297 6298 6299 6300 6301 Ventriculus lateralis Corpus Cornu frontale Cornu occipitale Cornu temporale Foramen interventriculare Tela choroidea telencephalica Fissura choroidea Plexus choroideus Liquor cerebrospinalis Lateral ventricle Body Frontal horn Occipital horn Temporal horn Interventricular foramen Telencephalic tela choroidea Choroid fissure Choroid plexus Cerebrospinal fluid Lateral ventricle Body Frontal horn Occipital horn Temporal horn Interventricular foramen Telencephalic tela choroidea Choroid fissure Choroid plexus Cerebrospinal fluid 6302 6303 6304 6305 6306 Organa circumventricularia Organum subfornicale Organum subcommissurale Organum vasculosum laminae terminalis Eminentia mediana Circumventricular organs Subfornical organ Subcommissural organ Vascular organ of lamina terminalis Median eminence Circumventricular organs Subfornical organ Subcommissural organ Vascular organ of lamina terminalis Median eminence 6307 6308 6309 6310 6311 6312 6313 6314 6315 6316 6317 6318 6319 6320 6321 6322 PALLIUM Pallium dorsale Isocortex Pallium laterale Insula Claustrum Pallium mediale Formatio hippocampi Pallium ventrale Cortex olfactorius Amygdala pallialis Allocortex Archicortex Paleocortex Isocortex Mesocortex PALLIUM Dorsal pallium Isocortex Lateral pallium Insula Claustrum Medial pallium Hippocampal formation Ventral pallium Olfactory cortex Pallial amygdala Allocortex Archicortex Paleocortex Isocortex Mesocortex PALLIUM Dorsal pallium Isocortex Lateral pallium Insula Claustrum Medial pallium Hippocampal formation Ventral pallium Olfactory cortex Pallial amygdala Allocortex Archicortex Paleocortex Isocortex Mesocortex 6323 6324 6325 6326 6327 6328 6329 6330 6331 6332 6333 6334 Structurae olfactoriae Regio olfactoria Diverticulum olfactorium Ventriculus olfactorius Sulcus olfactorius Bulbus olfactorius Bulbus olfactorius accessorius Tractus olfactorius Tuberculum olfactorium Stria olfactoria medialis Stria olfactoria lateralis Cortex piriformis Olfactory structures Olfactory region Olfactory diverticulum Olfactory ventricle Olfactory sulcus Olfactory bulb Accessory olfactory bulb Olfactory tract Olfactory tubercle Medial olfactory stria Lateral olfactory stria Piriform cortex Olfactory structures Olfactory region Olfactory diverticulum Olfactory ventricle Olfactory sulcus Olfactory bulb Accessory olfactory bulb Olfactory tract Olfactory tubercle Medial olfactory stria Lateral olfactory stria Piriform cortex FIPAT.library.dal.ca Cornu anterius Cornu posterius Cornu inferius Neocortex Archicortex Cortex piriformis; Paleocortex Neocortex TE2, Part 4 Anterior horn Posterior horn Inferior horn §Monro§ Endnote 371 Neocortex Endnote 372 Archicortex Piriform cortex; Paleocortex Neocortex Olfactory groove 210 6335 Septum Septum Septum 6336 6337 6338 6339 6340 6341 6342 6343 6344 6345 6346 6347 6348 6349 6350 6351 6352 6353 6354 6355 6356 6357 6358 HEMISPHERIUM CEREBRI Morphologia externa Poli Polus frontalis Polus temporalis Polus occipitalis Plicatio corticalis Formatio sulcorum Fossa lateralis Sulci primarii Sulcus lateralis Sulcus centralis Sulcus parietooccipitalis Sulcus calcarinus Sulci secundarii Sulci tertii Area lobi frontalis Area lobi temporalis Area lobi occipitalis Area lobi parietalis Insula Operculum frontoparietale Operculum temporale CEREBRAL HEMISPHERE External features Poles Frontal pole Temporal pole Occipital pole Cortical folding Sulcus formation Lateral fossa Primary sulci Lateral sulcus Central sulcus Parieto-occipital sulcus Calcarine sulcus Secondary sulci Tertiary sulci Frontal lobe area Temporal lobe area Occipital lobe area Parietal lobe area Insula Frontoparietal operculum Temporal operculum CEREBRAL HEMISPHERE External features Poles Frontal pole Temporal pole Occipital pole Cortical folding Sulcus formation Lateral fossa Primary sulci Lateral sulcus Central sulcus Parietooccipital sulcus Calcarine sulcus Secondary sulci Tertiary sulci Frontal lobe area Temporal lobe area Occipital lobe area Parietal lobe area Insula Frontoparietal operculum Temporal operculum 6359 6360 6361 Cortical fibre tracts Hemispheric stalk Lateral prosencephalic fasciculus Cortical fibre tracts Hemispheric stalk Lateral prosencephalic fasciculus Medial prosencephalic fasciculus Medial prosencephalic fasciculus 6363 6364 6365 6366 6367 6368 6369 Neurofibrae corticales Pedunculus hemisphericus Fasciculus prosencephalicus lateralis Fasciculus prosencephalicus medialis Capsula interna Tractus pyramidalis Tractus corticospinalis Tractus corticonuclearis Fibrae corticopontinae Fibrae thalamocorticales Capsula externa Internal capsule Pyramidal tract Corticospinal tract Corticonuclear tract Corticopontine fibres Thalamocortical fibres External capsule Internal capsule Pyramidal tract Corticospinal tract Corticonuclear tract Corticopontine fibers Thalamocortical fibers External capsule 6370 6371 6372 6373 6374 6375 Fibrae associationis longae Fasciculus longitudinalis superior Fasciculus longitudinalis inferior Fasciculus arcuatus Capsula extrema Cingulum Long association fibres Superior longitudinal fasciculus Inferior longitudinal fasciculus Arcuate fasciculus Capsula extrema Cingulum Long association fibers Superior longitudinal fasciculus Inferior longitudinal fasciculus Arcuate fasciculus Capsula extrema Cingulum 6362 FIPAT.library.dal.ca TE2, Part 4 §Sylvius§ §Rolando§ Endnote 373 §Reil§ Endnote 374 Endnote 375 Medial forebrain bundle Endnote 376 211 6376 Fasciculus uncinatus Uncinate fasciculus Uncinate fasciculus 6377 6378 6379 6380 6381 6382 6383 6384 6385 6386 6387 6388 6389 6390 6391 6392 6393 6394 6395 6396 6397 Formatio hippocampi Hippocampus primordialis Crista hippocampi Fissura hippocampi Area epithelialis Limbus corticalis Hippocampus precommissuralis Hippocampus supracommissuralis Vestigium hippocampi Indusium griseum Stria longitudinalis medialis Stria longitudinalis lateralis Hippocampus retrocommissuralis Cornu ammonis 1-3 (CA1-CA3) Gyrus dentatus Subiculum Presubiculum Fornix Crus fornicis Corpus fornicis Columna fornicis Hippocampal formation Primordial hippocampus Hippocampal ridge Hippocampal fissure Epithelial area Cortical hem Precommissural hippocampus Supracommissural hippocampus Vestigial hippocampus Indusium griseum Medial longitudinal stria Lateral longitudinal stria Retrocommissural hippocampus CA1-CA3 fields Dentate gyrus Subiculum Presubiculum Fornix Crus of fornix Body of fornix Column of fornix Hippocampal formation Primordial hippocampus Hippocampal ridge Hippocampal fissure Epithelial area Cortical hem Precommissural hippocampus Supracommissural hippocampus Vestigial hippocampus Indusium griseum Medial longitudinal stria Lateral longitudinal stria Retrocommissural hippocampus CA1-CA3 fields Dentate gyrus Subiculum Presubiculum Fornix Crus of fornix Body of fornix Column of fornix 6398 6399 6400 6401 6402 6403 SUBPALLIUM Dominationes histogeneticae et derivativae Striatum Nucleus caudatus Putamen Nucleus accumbens SUBPALLIUM Histogenetic domains and derivatives Striatum Caudate nucleus Putamen Nucleus accumbens SUBPALLIUM Histogenetic domains and derivatives Striatum Caudate nucleus Putamen Nucleus accumbens 6404 6405 6406 6407 6408 Pallidum Globus pallidus Pars externa globi pallidi Pars interna globi pallidi Pallidum ventrale Pallidum Globus pallidus External part of globus pallidus Internal part of globus pallidus Ventral pallidum Pallidum Globus pallidus External part of globus pallidus Internal part of globus pallidus Ventral pallidum 6409 6410 6411 6412 Pars basalis telencephali Nucleus striae diagonalis Nucleus basalis Nuclei septales Basal forebrain Nucleus of diagonal band Basal nucleus Septal nuclei Basal forebrain Nucleus of diagonal band Basal nucleus Septal nuclei 6413 6414 Regio preoptica Nuclei preoptici Preoptic region Preoptic nuclei Preoptic region Preoptic nuclei 6415 Amygdala Amygdala Amygdala FIPAT.library.dal.ca Rudimentum hippocampi Taenia tecti Taenia libera Hippocampus proprius TE2, Part 4 Endnote 377 Hippocampal rudiment Taenia tecti Taenia libera Hippocampus proper §Lancisi§ Endnote 378 §Broca§ §Meynert§ Endnote 379 212 6416 6417 6418 Pallial amygdala Basolateral nuclear group Basolateral amygdalar nucleus Pallial amygdala Basolateral nuclear group Basolateral amygdalar nucleus Basomedial amygdalar nucleus 6424 6425 6426 6427 6428 6429 6430 Amygdala pallialis Nuclei basolaterales Nucleus basolateralis amygdalae Nucleus basomedialis amygdalae Nucleus lateralis amygdalae Nuclei corticales Nucleus corticalis amygdalae anterior Nucleus corticalis amygdalae posterior Amygdala subpallialis Nuclei centromediales Nucleus centralis amygdalae Nucleus medialis amygdalae Amygdala extenta Nucleus striae terminalis Pars sublenticularis amygdalae Lateral amygdalar nucleus Cortical nuclei Anterior cortical amygdalar nucleus Posterior cortical amygdalar nucleus Subpallial amygdala Centromedial nuclear group Central amygdalar nucleus Medial amygdalar nucleus Extended amygdala Bed nucleus of stria terminalis Sublenticular extended amygdala Basomedial amygdalar nucleus Lateral amygdalar nucleus Cortical nuclei Anterior cortical amygdalar nucleus Posterior cortical amygdalar nucleus Subpallial amygdala Centromedial nuclear group Central amygdalar nucleus Medial amygdalar nucleus Extended amygdala Bed nucleus of stria terminalis Sublenticular extended amygdala 6431 6432 6433 6434 6435 6436 HISTOGENESIS ISOCORTICIS Compartimenta proliferativa Zona ventricularis Zona subventricularis Limbus corticalis Stratum granulare subpiale HISTOGENESIS OF ISOCORTEX Proliferative compartments Ventricular zone Subventricular zone Cortical hem Subpial granular layer HISTOGENESIS OF ISOCORTEX Proliferative compartments Ventricular zone Subventricular zone Cortical hem Subpial granular layer 6437 6438 6439 6440 6441 6442 6443 6444 6445 6446 6447 6448 6449 6450 6451 6452 Typi cellularum Cellula neuroepithelialis Cellula neuralis staminalis Cellula mitotica Cellula migrans Neuroblastus Glioblastus Glioblastus radialis Neuron immaturum Neuron immaturum apolare Neuron immaturum unipolare Neuron immaturum bipolare Neuron immaturum multipolare Glioblastus radialis externus Cellula progenetrix intermedia Cellula progenetrix intermedia neurogenica Cellula progenetrix intermedia oligodendrocytogenica Cell types Neuroepithelial cell Neural stem cell Mitotic cell Migrating cell Neuroblast Glioblast Radial glial cell Immature neuron Immature apolar neuron Immature unipolar neuron Immature bipolar neuron Immature multipolar neuron Outer radial glial cell Intermediate progenitor cell Neuron-producing intermediate progenitor cell Oligodendrocyte-producing intermediate progenitor cell Cell types Neuroepithelial cell Neural stem cell Mitotic cell Migrating cell Neuroblast Glioblast Radial glial cell Immature neuron Immature apolar neuron Immature unipolar neuron Immature bipolar neuron Immature multipolar neuron Outer radial glial cell Intermediate progenitor cell Neuron producing intermediate progenitor cell Oligodendrocyte producing intermediate progenitor cell 6419 6420 6421 6422 6423 6453 FIPAT.library.dal.ca Matrix germinalis TE2, Part 4 Germinal matrix §Ranke§ Endnote 380 Primary progenitor cell Endnote 381 Endnote 382 213 6454 6455 Cellula progenetrix intermedia astrocytogenica Neuron horizontale Astrocyte-producing intermediate progenitor cell Horizontal cell Astrocyte producing intermediate progenitor cell Horizontal cell 6456 6457 6458 Phases histogeneticae Phasis zonae unae Zona ventricularis Matrix germinalis Histogenetic phases One-zone phase Ventricular zone Histogenetic phases One zone phase Ventricular zone Germinal matrix 6459 6460 6461 Phasis zonae duarum Zona ventricularis Prelamina Stratum plexiforme primordiale Two-zone phase Ventricular zone Preplate Two zone phase Ventricular zone Preplate Primordial plexiform layer 6462 6463 6464 6465 Phasis zonarum trium Zona ventricularis Zona intermedia Prelamina Three-zone phase Ventricular zone Intermediate zone Preplate Three zone phase Ventricular zone Intermediate zone Preplate 6466 6467 6468 6469 6470 Phasis zonarum quattor Zona ventricularis Zona subventricularis Zona intermedia Prelamina Four-zone phase Ventricular zone Subventricular zone Intermediate zone Preplate Four zone phase Ventricular zone Subventricular zone Intermediate zone Preplate 6471 6472 6473 6474 6475 6476 6477 6478 6479 6480 Phasis zonarum sex Zona ventricularis Zona subventricularis Zona subventricularis interna Zona subventricularis externa Zona intermedia Zona sublaminaris Lamina corticalis Zona marginalis Stratum granulare subpiale Six-zone phase Ventricular zone Subventricular zone Inner subventricular zone Outer subventricular zone Intermediate zone Subplate zone Cortical plate Marginal zone Subpial granular layer Six zone phase Ventricular zone Subventricular zone Inner subventricular zone Outer subventricular zone Intermediate zone Subplate zone Cortical plate Marginal zone Subpial granular layer 6481 6482 6483 6484 6485 6486 Phasis definitiva Stratum ependymale Zona subventricularis Substantia alba Strata VI-II primordialia isocorticis Stratum I primordiale isocorticis Definitive phase Ependymal layer Subventricular zone White matter Primordial layers VI-II of isocortex Primordial layer I of isocortex Definitive phase Ependymal layer Subventricular zone White matter Primordial layers VI-II of isocortex Primordial layer I of isocortex 6487 6488 6489 6490 6491 6492 ANOMALIAE PROSENCEPHALI Aprosencephalia Atelencephalia Holoprosencephalia Holoprosencephalia lobaris Holoprosencephalia semilobaris ANOMALIES OF FOREBRAIN Aprosencephaly Atelencephaly Holoprosencephaly Lobar holoprosencephaly Semilobar holoprosencephaly ANOMALIES OF FOREBRAIN Aprosencephaly Atelencephaly Holoprosencephaly Lobar holoprosencephaly Semilobar holoprosencephaly FIPAT.library.dal.ca Zona pallialis Zona pallialis TE2, Part 4 §Cajal-Retzius§ Endnote 383 §Ranke§ White substance 214 6493 6494 6495 6496 Holoprosencephalia alobaris Dysplasia septooptica Arhinencephalia Tractus sinusoideus craniodermalis Alobar holoprosencephaly Septo-optic dysplasia Arhinencephaly Cranial dermal sinus tract Alobar holoprosencephaly Septooptic dysplasia Arhinencephaly Cranial dermal sinus tract 6497 Anomaliae corticis cerebri Anomalies of cerebral cortex Anomalies of cerebral cortex 6498 6499 6500 6501 6502 6503 Microcephalia Microlissencephalia Megalencephalia Hemimegalencephalia Heterotopia Heterotopia nodularis periventricularis Heterotopia nodularis periventricularis bilateralis Heterotopia leptomeningealis Lissencephalia Lissencephalia classica Heterotopia laminaris subcorticalis Lissencephalia cum hypoplasia cerebelli Agyria-pachygyria Polymicrogyria Dysplasia corticalis focalis Microcephaly Microlissencephaly Megalencephaly Hemimegalencephaly Heterotopia Periventricular nodular heterotopia Bilateral periventricular nodular heterotopia Leptomeningeal heterotopia Lissencephaly Classic lissencephaly Subcortical band heterotopia Microcephaly Microlissencephaly Megalencephaly Hemimegalencephaly Heterotopia Periventricular nodular heterotopia Bilateral periventricular nodular heterotopia Leptomeningeal heterotopia Lissencephaly Classic lissencephaly Subcortical band heterotopia Lissencephaly with cerebellar hypoplasia Cobblestone lissencephaly Polymicrogyria Focal cortical dysplasia Lissencephaly with cerebellar hypoplasia Cobblestone lissencephaly Polymicrogyria Focal cortical dysplasia Malformationes neurofibrae corticales Anomaliae corporis callosi Agenesis corporis callosi Fasciculus longitudinalis callosalis Dysgenesis corporis callosi Hypoplasia corporis callosi Anomaliae formationis tractus pyramidalis Agenesis tractus pyramidalis Pyramides absentes Aplasia tractus pyramidalis Hypoplasia tractus pyramidalis Hyperplasia tractus pyramidalis Anomaliae decussationis Decussatio totalis tractus pyramidalis Decussatio tractus pyramidalis absens Disorders of cortical connectivity Anomalies of corpus callosum Agenesis of corpus callosum Longitudinal callosal fascicle Disorders of cortical connectivity Anomalies of corpus callosum Agenesis of corpus callosum Longitudinal callosal fascicle Dysgenesis of corpus callosum Hypoplasia of corpus callosum Developmental disorders of pyramidal tract Agenesis of pyramidal tract Absence of pyramids Aplasia of pyramidal tract Hypoplasia of pyramidal tract Hyperplasia of pyramidal tract Anomalies of decussation Complete decussation of pyramidal tract Non-decussation of pyramidal tract Dysgenesis of corpus callosum Hypoplasia of corpus callosum Developmental disorders of pyramidal tract Agenesis of pyramidal tract Absence of pyramids Aplasia of pyramidal tract Hypoplasia of pyramidal tract Hyperplasia of pyramidal tract Anomalies of decussation Complete decussation of pyramidal tract Nondecussation of pyramidal tract 6504 6505 6506 6507 6508 6509 6510 6511 6512 6513 6514 6515 6516 6517 6518 6519 6520 6521 6522 6523 6524 6525 6526 6527 FIPAT.library.dal.ca TE2, Part 4 Malformations of cortical development Endnote 384 §Probst§ Endnote 385 Endnote 386 215 6528 6529 Anomaliae myelinisationis Hypomyelinisatio 6530 Pars peripherica 6531 6532 6533 6534 Lamina neuralis Crista neuralis Cellula cristae neuralis Cellula neuraliscristaeformis 6535 Epithelium tubi neuralis 6536 6537 6538 6539 6540 6541 6542 6543 6544 6545 Tubus neuralis primarius Crista neuralis primaria Tubus neuralis secundarius Crista neuralis secundaria Vesicula optica Ectoderma embryonicum Placoda nasalis Vesicula otica Placoda epipharyngea Placoda dorsolateralis 6546 6547 6548 6549 6550 6551 6552 6553 6554 6555 6556 6557 6558 6559 6560 Systema nervosum periphericum Myelination disorders Hypomyelination Myelination disorders Hypomyelination Peripheral nervous system Peripheral nervous system Neural plate Neural crest Neural crest cell Neural crest-like cell Neural plate Neural crest Neural crest cell Neural crestlike cell Neural tube epithelium Neural tube epithelium Primary neural tube Primary neural crest Secondary neural tube Secondary neural crest Optic vesicle Embryonic ectoderm Nasal placode Otic vesicle Epipharyngeal placode Dorsolateral placode Primary neural tube Primary neural crest Secondary neural tube Secondary neural crest Optic vesicle Embryonic ectoderm Nasal placode Otic vesicle Epipharyngeal placode Dorsolateral placode Epithelium cristae neuralis Textus cristae neuralis Neural crest epithelium Neural crest tissue Neural crest epithelium Neural crest tissue Crista neuralis cranialis Complexus cristae neuralis nasalis Complexus cristae neuralis olfactoriae Complexus cristae neuralis terminalis Complexus cristae neuralis vomeronasalis Complexus cristae neuralis opticae Crista neuralis preotica Complexus cristae neuralis mesencephalicae Crista neuralis isthmica Crista neuralis rhombencephalica Complexus cristae neuralis trigeminalis Complexus cristae neuralis facialis Complexus cristae neuralis oticae Cranial neural crest Nasal neural crest complex Olfactory neural crest complex Cranial neural crest Nasal neural crest complex Olfactory neural crest complex Terminal neural crest complex Terminal neural crest complex Vomeronasal neural crest complex Optic neural crest complex Preotic neural crest Mesencephalic neural crest complex Isthmic neural crest Rhombencephalic neural crest Vomeronasal neural crest complex Optic neural crest complex Preotic neural crest Mesencephalic neural crest complex Isthmic neural crest Rhombencephalic neural crest Trigeminal neural crest complex Facial neural crest complex Trigeminal neural crest complex Facial neural crest complex Otic neural crest complex Otic neural crest complex FIPAT.library.dal.ca Neurectoderma; Ectoderma neuralis Placoda olfactori PNS TE2, Part 4 Endnote 387 Neurectoderm; Neural ectoderm Nasal disc; Olfactory placode Otocyst 216 6561 6577 6578 Complexus cristae neuralis faciovestibulocochlearis Complexus cristae neuralis vestibulocochlearis Complexus cristae neuralis vestibularis Complexus cristae neuralis cochlearis Crista neuralis postotica Complexus cristae neuralis glossopharyngealis Complexus cristae neuralis vagalis Complexus cristae neuralis cardiacae Crista neuralis nervi accessoria Crista neuralis hypoglossalis Crista neuralis spinalis Crista neuralis truncalis Crista neuralis lumbosacralis Cellulae textus neuralis Neuroblastus ganglionicus Neuron ganglionicum immaturum Gliocytus ganglionicus primordialis Schwannoblastus 6579 6580 6581 6582 6583 6584 6585 6586 6587 6588 6589 6590 Placodae neurogenicae Placoda epipharyngea Placoda dorsolateralis Placoda intermedia Placoda ventrolateralis Placoda nasalis Placoda otica Fovea otica Vesicula otica Placoda trigeminalis Placoda profunda Placoda facialis 6591 NN. OLFACTORIUS ET VOMERONASALIS Crista neuralis olfactoria Cellula olfactoria staminalis Placoda nasalis Epithelium olfactorium Neuroblastus olfactorius 6562 6563 6564 6565 6566 6567 6568 6569 6570 6571 6572 6573 6574 6575 6576 6592 6593 6594 6595 6596 FIPAT.library.dal.ca Faciovestibulocochlear neural crest complex Vestibulocochlear neural crest complex Vestibular neural crest complex Cochlear neural crest complex Postotic neural crest Glossopharyngeal neural crest complex Vagal neural crest complex Crista neuralis occipitalis Schwannocytus primordialis Placoda olfactoria Otocystis Cellula olfactoria precursoria Placoda olfactoria Faciovestibulocochlear neural crest complex Vestibulocochlear neural crest complex Vestibular neural crest complex Cochlear neural crest complex Postotic neural crest Glossopharyngeal neural crest complex Vagal neural crest complex Cardiac neural crest complex Cardiac neural crest complex Neural crest of accessory nerve Hypoglossal neural crest Spinal neural crest Truncal neural crest Lumbosacral neural crest Neural tissue cells Ganglionic neuroblast Immature ganglionic neuron Neural crest of accessory nerve Hypoglossal neural crest Spinal neural crest Truncal neural crest Lumbosacral neural crest Neural tissue cells Ganglionic neuroblast Immature ganglionic neuron Primordial ganglionic satellite cell Schwannoblast Primordial ganglionic satellite cell Schwannoblast Neurogenic placodes Epipharyngeal placode Dorsolateral placode Intermediate placode Ventrolateral placode Nasal placode Otic placode Otic pit Otic vesicle Trigeminal placode Placoda profunda Facial placode Neurogenic placodes Epipharyngeal placode Dorsolateral placode Intermediate placode Ventrolateral placode Nasal placode Otic placode Otic pit Otic vesicle Trigeminal placode Placoda profunda Facial placode OLFACTORY AND VOMERONASAL NERVES Olfactory neural crest Olfactory stem cell Nasal placode Olfactory epithelium Olfactory neuroblast OLFACTORY AND VOMERONASAL NERVES Olfactory neural crest Olfactory stem cell Nasal placode Olfactory epithelium Olfactory neuroblast TE2, Part 4 Occipital neural crest Primordial Schwann cell Epibranchial placode Nasal disc; Olfactory placode Otic disc Otocyst Nasal disc; Olfactory placode 217 6597 6598 6599 6600 6601 6602 6603 6604 6605 6606 6607 6608 6609 6610 6611 6612 Neuron olfactorium immaturum Epitheliocytus sustenans olfactorius Glioblastus olfactorius implicans Cellula olfactoria implicans Fila olfactoria Epithelium vomeronasale Neuroblastus vomeronasalis Neuron immaturum vomeronasale Cellula vomeronasalis sustinens Glioblastus vomeronasalis implicans Cellula vomeronasalis implicans N. vomeronasalis N. TERMINALIS Neuroblastus nervi terminalis Neuron immaturum nervi terminalis Cellula nervi terminalis implicans 6616 6617 GANGLIA SENSORIA Primordia gangliorum craniospinalium sensoriorum Primordia gangliorum sensoriorum nervorum cranialium Ganglioblastus cranialis Primordium ganglii trigeminalis 6618 6619 6620 Ganglioblastus trigeminalis Ganglion trigeminale Primordium ganglii geniculi 6621 6622 6623 Ganglioblastus facialis Ganglion geniculi Primordium ganglii cochleae 6624 6625 6626 Ganglioblastus cochlearis Ganglion cochleare Primordium ganglii vestibularis 6627 6628 Ganglioblastus vestibularis Ganglion vestibulare 6613 6614 6615 FIPAT.library.dal.ca Gliocytus olfactorius implicans Gliocytus nervi terminalis implicans Ganglion semilunare Primordium ganglii spiralis cochleae; Primordium ganglii acustici Ganglion acusticum Immature olfactory neuron Immature olfactory neuron Olfactory supporting epithelial cell Olfactory ensheathing glioblast Olfactory ensheathing cell Olfactory supporting epithelial cell Olfactory ensheathing glioblast Olfactory ensheathing cell Olfactory nerves Vomeronasal epithelium Vomeronasal neuroblast Immature vomeronasal neuron Olfactory nerves Vomeronasal epithelium Vomeronasal neuroblast Immature vomeronasal neuron Vomeronasal supporting cell Vomeronasal ensheathing glioblast Vomeronasal ensheathing cell Vomeronasal nerve TERMINAL NERVE Neuroblast of nervus terminalis Immature neuron of nervus terminalis Ensheathing cell of terminal nerve Vomeronasal supporting cell Vomeronasal ensheathing glioblast Vomeronasal ensheathing cell Vomeronasal nerve TERMINAL NERVE Neuroblast of nervus terminalis Immature neuron of nervus terminalis Ensheathing cell of terminal nerve SENSORY GANGLIA Primordia of craniospinal sensory ganglia Primordia of cranial sensory ganglia SENSORY GANGLIA Primordia of craniospinal sensory ganglia Primordia of cranial sensory ganglia Cranial ganglioblast Primordium of trigeminal ganglion Trigeminal ganglioblast Trigeminal ganglion Primordium of geniculate ganglion Facial ganglioblast Geniculate ganglion Primordium of cochlear ganglion Cranial ganglioblast Primordium of trigeminal ganglion Trigeminal ganglioblast Trigeminal ganglion Primordium of geniculate ganglion Facial ganglioblast Geniculate ganglion Primordium of cochlear ganglion Cochlear ganglioblast Cochlear ganglion Primordium of vestibular ganglion Vestibular ganglioblast Vestibular ganglion Cochlear ganglioblast Cochlear ganglion Primordium of vestibular ganglion Vestibular ganglioblast Vestibular ganglion TE2, Part 4 Olfactory ensheathing glial cell; OEC Ensheathing glial cell of terminal nerve Semilunar ganglion §Gasser§ Primordium of spiral ganglion; Primordium of acoustic ganglion Acoustic ganglion §Corti§ §Scarpa§ 218 6629 6630 6631 6632 6633 6634 6635 6636 6637 6638 6639 6640 6641 6642 6643 Ganglia nervi glossopharyngei Primordium ganglii superioris nervi glossopharyngei Ganglion superius nervi glossopharyngei Primordium ganglii inferioris nervi glossopharyngei Ganglion inferius nervi glossopharyngei Ganglioblastus glossopharyngeus Ganglia nervi vagi Primordium ganglii superioris nervi vagi Ganglion superius nervi vagi Primordium ganglii inferioris nervi vagi Ganglion inferius nervi vagi Ganglioblastus vagalis Primordia gangliorum sensoriorum nervorum spinalium Ganglioblastus spinalis Primordium ganglii cervicalis 6644 Primordium ganglii thoracici 6645 6646 6647 Primordium ganglii lumbalis Primordium ganglii sacralis Primordium ganglii coccygei 6648 6649 6650 6651 Ganglion radicis dorsalis NEURON SENSORIUM Neuron immaturum sensorium Neuron immaturum bipolare periphericum Neuron immaturum unipolare Neuron afferens Neuron unipolare Processus centralis Processus periphericus Neuron immaturum craniale Neuron immaturum afferens somaticum speciale Neuron immaturum afferens somaticum commune Neuron immaturum afferens pharyngeum 6652 6653 6654 6655 6656 6657 6658 6659 6660 FIPAT.library.dal.ca Ganglion petrosum Ganglion nodosum Glossopharyngeal ganglia Primordium of superior glossopharyngeal ganglion Superior glossopharyngeal ganglion Primordium of inferior glossopharyngeal ganglion Inferior glossopharyngeal ganglion Glossopharyngeal ganglioblast Vagal ganglia Primordium of superior vagal ganglion Superior vagal ganglion Primordium of inferior vagal ganglion Inferior vagal ganglion Vagal ganglioblast Primordia of spinal ganglia Spinal ganglioblast Primordium of cervical ganglion Primordium of thoracic ganglion Primordium of lumbar ganglion Primordium of sacral ganglion Primordium of coccygeal ganglion Dorsal root ganglion SENSORY NEURON Immature sensory neuron Immature peripheral bipolar neuron Immature unipolar neuron Afferent neuron Unipolar neuron Central process Peripheral process Immature cranial neuron Immature special somatic afferent neuron Immature general somatic afferent neuron Immature pharyngeal afferent neuron TE2, Part 4 Glossopharyngeal ganglia Primordium of superior glossopharyngeal ganglion Superior glossopharyngeal ganglion Primordium of inferior glossopharyngeal ganglion Inferior glossopharyngeal ganglion Glossopharyngeal ganglioblast Vagal ganglia Primordium of superior vagal ganglion Superior vagal ganglion Primordium of inferior vagal ganglion Inferior vagal ganglion Vagal ganglioblast Primordia of spinal ganglia Spinal ganglioblast Primordium of cervical ganglion Primordium of thoracic ganglion Primordium of lumbar ganglion Primordium of sacral ganglion Primordium of coccygeal ganglon Dorsal root ganglion SENSORY NEURON Immature sensory neuron Immature peripheral bipolar neuron Immature unipolar neuron Afferent neuron Unipolar neuron Central process Peripheral process Immature cranial neuron Immature special somatic afferent neuron Immature general somatic afferent neuron Immature pharyngeal afferent neuron §Ehrenritter§ Petrosal ganglion §Andersch§ Nodose ganglion Primordia of dorsal root ganglia Immature special visceral afferent neuroblast 219 6661 Immature general visceral afferent neuron Immature spinal neuron Immature dorsal root neuron Immature general visceral afferent neuron Immature spinal neuron Immature dorsal root neuron Immature somatic afferent neuron Immature visceral afferent neuron Sensory neuron Sensory nerve ending Free nerve ending Chemodifferentiated afferent neuron Spinal ganglion ensheathing blast cell Immature somatic afferent neuron Immature visceral afferent neuron Sensory neuron Sensory nerve ending Free nerve ending Chemodifferentiated afferent neuron Spinal ganglion ensheathing blast cell MOTOR NEURON Efferent neuron Immature somatic efferent neuron MOTOR NEURON Efferent neuron Immature somatic efferent neuron Immature motor neuron Motor neuron α motoneuron β motoneuron γ motoneuron Neuromuscular junction Immature motor neuron Motor neuron α motoneuron β motoneuron γ motoneuron Neuromuscular junction Plica postsynaptica Vesicula synaptica Neuron immaturum efferens viscerale commune Neuron immaturum efferens pharyngeale Neuron immaturum efferens somaticum commune Postsynaptic fold Synaptic vesicle Immature general visceral efferent neuron Immature special visceral efferent neuron Immature general somatic efferent neuron Postsynaptic fold Synaptic vesicle Immature general visceral efferent neuron Immature special visceral efferent neuron Immature general somatic efferent neuron 6685 6686 6687 6688 6689 6690 6691 AXON Axon ramificatum Telodendron Axon explorans Axon bifurcatum Conus crescentiae axonis Fasciculus axonum AXON Branched axon Terminal arborization Pathfinder axon Axon bifurcation Axon growth cone Axon bundle AXON Branched axon Terminal arborization Pathfinder axon Axon bifurcation Axon growth cone Axon bundle 6692 6693 NEUROFIBRA Neurofibra peripherica NERVE FIBRE Peripheral nerve fibre NERVE FIBER Peripheral nerve fiber 6662 6663 6664 6665 6666 6667 6668 6669 6670 6671 6672 6673 6674 6675 6676 6677 6678 6679 6680 6681 6682 6683 6684 Neuron immaturum afferens viscerale commune Neuron immaturum spinale Neuron immaturum radicis dorsalis Neuron immaturum afferens somaticum Neuron immaturum afferens viscerale Neuron sensorium Terminatio neuralis sensoria Terminatio neuralis libera Neuron afferens chemodifferentiatum Glioblastus ganglionaris spinalis implicans MOTONEURON Neuron efferens Neuron immaturum efferens somaticum Neuron motorium nonmaturum Motoneuron Motoneuron α Motoneuron β Motoneuron γ Junctio neuromuscularis FIPAT.library.dal.ca Neuron immaturum radicis posterioris; Neuron immaturum sensorium Neuron motorium Neuron motorium Neuron efferens α Neuron efferens β Neuron efferens γ Synapsis neuromuscularis Bifurcatio axonis TE2, Part 4 Immature posterior root neuron; Immature sensory root neuron; α efferent neuron β efferent neuron γ efferent neuron Neuromuscular synapse; Motor end plate Endnote 388 220 6694 Neurofibra afferens Afferent nerve fibre Afferent nerve fiber 6695 6696 Neurofibra efferens Fasciculus neurofibrarum Efferent nerve fibre Nerve fibre bundle Efferent nerve fiber Nerve fiber bundle 6697 6698 6699 6700 6701 6702 6703 6704 6705 6706 6707 6708 N. PERIPHERICUS Partes nervi peripherici N. cranialis N. pretrematicus N. posttrematicus Radix nervi Radicula nervi Truncus nervi cranialis Divisio nervi cranialis N. spinalis segmentalis Radicula ventralis Radicula dorsalis PERIPHERAL NERVE Elements of peripheral nerve Cranial nerve Pretrematic nerve Posttrematic nerve Nerve root Nerve rootlet Cranial nerve trunk Cranial nerve division Segmental spinal nerve Ventral rootlet Dorsal rootlet PERIPHERAL NERVE Elements of peripheral nerve Cranial nerve Pretrematic nerve Posttrematic nerve Nerve root Nerve rootlet Cranial nerve trunk Cranial nerve division Segmental spinal nerve Ventral rootlet Dorsal rootlet 6709 6710 6711 6712 6713 6714 6715 6716 6717 6718 6719 6720 6721 6722 6723 6724 6725 6726 Radix ventralis Radix dorsalis Cauda equina Truncus nervi spinalis Rr. nervi spinalis R. dorsalis R. ventralis R. nervosus motorius R. nervosus sensorius R. nervosus mixtus Plexus nervorum periphericorum Plexus cervicalis Plexus brachialis Plexus lumbosacralis Plexus lumbalis Plexus sacralis Plexus coccygeus Plexus dorsalis Ventral root Dorsal root Cauda equina Trunk of spinal nerve Spinal nerve branches Dorsal ramus Ventral ramus Motor branch Sensory branch Mixed branch Peripheral nerve plexus Cervical plexus Brachial plexus Lumbosacral plexus Lumbar plexus Sacral plexus Coccygeal plexus Dorsal plexus Ventral root Dorsal root Cauda equina Trunk of spinal nerve Spinal nerve branches Dorsal ramus Ventral ramus Motor branch Sensory branch Mixed branch Peripheral nerve plexus Cervical plexus Brachial plexus Lumbosacral plexus Lumbar plexus Sacral plexus Coccygeal plexus Dorsal plexus Anterior root; Motor root Posterior root; Sensory root 6727 CNS – PNS TRANSITIONAL ZONE CNS PNS TRANSITIONAL ZONE CNS-PNS TZ; TZ 6728 LOCUS TRANSITIONIS INTER SYSTEMA NERVOSUM CENTRALE ET SYSTEMA NERVOSUM PERIPHERICUM Glia limitans presumptiva Presumptive glia limitans Presumptive glia limitans 6729 6730 Projectus textus centralis Locus ingressus radicis dorsalis Central tissue projection Dorsal root entry zone Central tissue projection Dorsal root entry zone Presumptive external limiting membrane 6731 Taenia conexa radicularum dorsalium Dorsal rootlet attachment zone Dorsal rootlet attachment zone FIPAT.library.dal.ca Radicula anterior; Radicula motoria Radicula posterior; Radicula sensoria Radix anterior; Radix motoria Radix posterior; Radix sensoria R. posterior R. anterior N. motorius; R. muscularis N. sensorius Plexus nervorum spinalium Locus ingressionis radicis posterioris Taenia conexa radicularum posteriorium TE2, Part 4 Sensory nerve fibre; Sensory nerve fiber Motor nerve fibre; Motor nerve fiber Anterior rootlet; Motor rootlet Posterior rootlet; Sensory rootlet Posterior ramus Anterior ramus Motor nerve; Muscular branch Sensory nerve Spinal nerve plexus Posterior root entry zone; DREZ Posterior rootlet attachment zone 221 6732 Locus transitionis radicis ventralis 6733 Punctum egressus ventralis 6734 Taenia egressus radicularum ventralium 6735 Acervatio cellularum ad radiculam ventralem 6736 Cellula pilleoli liminis 6737 6738 GLIOCYTI PERIPHERICI Linea generationis schwannocytorum Schwannoblastus Schwannocytus nonmaturus Schwannocytus perifascicularis epithelioidalis Schwannocytus segregans Schwannocytus involvens Schwannocytus 6739 6740 6741 6742 6743 6744 6745 6746 6747 6748 6749 6750 6751 Lamina basalis schwannocyti Schwannocytus nonmyelinopoieticus Schwannocytus myelinopoieticus Schwannocytus premyelinatus Schwannocytus isolatus Schwannocytus terminalis Glioblastus ganglionaris spinalis implicans 6752 6753 6754 6755 6756 MYELINISATIO Schwannocytus uniaxonalis Segmentum axonis Neurofibra nonmyelinata Neurofibra premyelinata 6757 6758 6759 6760 6761 6762 Mesaxon Extensio mesaxonis Spiralisatio mesaxonis Inceptio myelinopoiesis Compactio Extrusum cytoplasmatis schwannocyti Myelinum condensum 6763 FIPAT.library.dal.ca Locus transitionis radicis motoriae; Locus transitionis radicis anterioris Punctum egressus motorium; Punctum egressus anterioris Taenia egressus radicularum motoriarum; Taenia egressus radicularum anteriorium Acervatio cellularum ad radiculam motoriam; Acervatio cellularum ad radiculam anteriorem Schwannocytus primordialis Lamina basalis strati endoneurialis Ventral root transitional zone Ventral root transitional zone Ventral rootlet exit point Ventral rootlet exit point Ventral rootlet exit zone Ventral rootlet exit zone Ventral rootlet cell cluster Ventral rootlet cell cluster Boundary cap cell Boundary cap cell PERIPHERAL GLIAL CELLS Schwann cell lineage PERIPHERAL GLIAL CELLS Schwann cell lineage Schwannoblast Immature Schwann cell Perifascicular epithelioid Schwann cell Segregating Schwann cell Ensheathing schwann cell Mature Schwann cell Schwannoblast Immature Schwann cell Perifascicular epithelioid Schwann cell Segregating Schwann cell Ensheathing schwann cell Mature Schwann cell Schwann cell basal lamina Nonmyelinating Schwann cell Schwann cell basal lamina Nonmyelinating Schwann cell Cellula teloglialis Glioblastus ganglionaris radicis dorsalis implicans Myelinating Schwann cell Premyelinating Schwann cell Isolated Schwann cell Terminal Schwann cell Dorsal root ganglion ensheathing blast cell Myelinating Schwann cell Premyelinating Schwann cell Isolated Schwann cell Terminal Schwann cell Dorsal root ganglion ensheathing blast cell Neurofibra promyelinata MYELINATION Uniaxonal Schwann cell Axon segment Nonmyelinated fibre Premyelinated fibre MYELINATION Uniaxonal Schwann cell Axon segment Nonmyelinated fiber Premyelinated fiber Myelinum compactum Mesaxon Mesaxonal elongation Spiralisation of mesaxon Onset of myelination Compaction Extrusion of Schwann cell cytoplasm Compact myelin Mesaxon Mesaxonal elongation Spiralisation of mesaxon Onset of myelination Compaction Extrusion of Schwann cell cytoplasm Compact myelin Schwannocytus promyelinatus TE2, Part 4 Motor root transitional zone; Anterior root transitional zone Motor rootlet exit point ; Anterior rootlet exit point Motor rootlet exit zone; Anterior rootlet exit zone Motor rootlet cell cluster; Anterior rootlet cell cluster Endnote 389 Endnote 390 Primordial Schwann cell Endnote 391 Endoneurial layer basal lamina Promyelinating Schwann cell Terminal glial cell Spinal ganglion ensheathing blast cell Endnote 392 Endnote 392 Schwannocytus maturus Endnote 392 Endnote 392 Endnote 392 Endnote 392 Endnote 392 Endnote 392 Endnote 393 Promyelinated fibre; Promyelinated fiber 222 6764 Neurofibra myelinata 6765 6766 6767 6768 6769 6770 6771 6772 6773 6774 6775 6776 6777 6778 6779 6780 6781 6782 6783 Mesaxon externum Mesaxon internum Lamella myelini Linea densa major Linea densa minor Nodus Paranodus Heminodus Segmentum internodale Incrementum manicae myelini Formatio nodi Segregatio canalium ionicorum Fissura nodalis Substantia fissurae nodalis Pes terminalis Segmentum juxtanodale Microvillus schwannocyti Attenuatio axonis Stratum densum subaxolemmale 6784 FORMATIO UNITATIS MOTORIAE Axon appositum ad scopum 6785 6786 6787 6788 6789 6790 6791 6792 6793 6794 6795 6796 6797 Synaptogenesis Eliminatio synapsium superfluarum Competitio synaptica Synapsis neuromuscularis Pars autonomica systematis nervosi peripherici CELLULAE AUTONOMICAE PRECURSORES Crista neuralis Linea generationis cellularum sympathicosuprarenalium Ganglioblastus autonomicus Ganglioblastus sympathicus Neuron immaturum afferens viscerale commune Neuron immaturum sympathicum preganglionare FIPAT.library.dal.ca Neurofibra myelinata peripherica Myelinated fibre Myelinated fiber External mesaxon Internal mesaxon Myelin lamella Major dense line Minor dense line Node Paranode Heminode Internode Myelin sheath growth Node development Ion channel segregation Node gap Node gap substance End-foot Juxtanodal segment Schwann cell microvillus Axon attenuation Subaxolemmal density External mesaxon Internal mesaxon Myelin lamella Major dense line Minor dense line Node Paranode Heminode Internode Myelin sheath growth Node development Ion channel segregation Node gap Node gap substance Endfoot Juxtanodal segment Schwann cell microvillus Axon attenuation Subaxolemmal density MOTOR UNIT DEVELOPMENT MOTOR UNIT DEVELOPMENT Axon appositum ad musculum Axon-target contact Axon target contact Junctio neuromuscularis Synaptogenesis Elimination of superfluous synapses Synaptic competition Neuromuscular junction Synaptogenesis Elimination of superfluous synapses Synaptic competition Neuromuscular junction Autonomic part of peripheral nervous system Autonomic part of peripheral nervous system Stratum myelini Nodus interruptionis myelini Formatio nodi interruptionis myelini Infundibulum paranodale AUTONOMIC PRECURSOR CELLS Neural crest Sympathosuprarenal cell lineage Autonomic ganglioblast Sympathetic ganglioblast Immature general visceral afferent neuron Immature preganglionic sympathetic neuron TE2, Part 4 AUTONOMIC PRECURSOR CELLS Neural crest Sympathosuprarenal cell lineage Autonomic ganglioblast Sympathetic ganglioblast Immature general visceral afferent neuron Immature preganglionic sympathetic neuron Peripheral myelinated fibre; Peripheral myelinated fiber Myelin layer Paranodal region §Ranvier§ Internodal segment Endnote 394 Paranodal pocket Axon–muscle contact; Axonmuscle contact Endnote 395 Neuromuscular synapse Sympatho-adrenal cell lineage; Sympathoadrenal cell lineage 223 6798 6799 6800 6801 6802 6803 6804 6805 6806 6807 6808 6809 6810 6811 6812 6813 6814 6815 6816 6817 6818 6819 6820 6821 6822 6823 6824 6825 6826 6827 6828 6829 Neuron immaturum sympathicum postganglionare Sympathoblastus parvus Sympathoblastus intermedius Sympathoblastus magnus Interneuron Neuron immaturum parasympathicum preganglionare Ganglioblastus parasympathicus Neuron immaturum parasympathicum postganglionare Glioblastus ganglionaris autonomicus Neuron autonomicum chemodifferentiatum Medulloblastus suprarenalis Phaeochromocytoblastus Blastus cellulae sympathochromaffinae Paraganglion Primordium medullae glandulae suprarenalis Pars visceromotoria systematis nervosi peripherici GANGLION AUTONOMICUM Primordia gangliorum autonomicorum Capsula ganglii Stroma ganglii Ganglion sympathicum Primordia gangliorum sympathicorum Primordia gangliorum trunci sympathici Primordium ganglii cervicalis superioris Primordium ganglii cervicalis medii Primordium ganglii cervicalis inferioris Primordium ganglii cervicothoracici Ganglion stellatum Primordium ganglii thoracici Primordium ganglii lumbalis Primordium ganglii sacralis Primordium ganglii imparis FIPAT.library.dal.ca Sympathoblastus Parasympathoblastus Parasympathoblastus Primordium ganglii stellati Immature postganglionic sympathetic neuron Small sympathoblast Intermediate sympathoblast Large sympathoblast Interneuron Immature preganglionic parasympathetic neuron Parasympathetic ganglioblast Immature postganglionic parasympathetic neuron Autonomic ganglion-ensheathing blast cell Chemodifferentiated autonomic neuron Suprarenal medulloblast Phaeochromocytoblast Sympathochromaffin blast cell Immature postganglionic sympathetic neuron Small sympathoblast Intermediate sympathoblast Large sympathoblast Interneuron Immature preganglionic parasympathetic neuron Parasympathetic ganglioblast Immature postganglionic parasympathetic neuron Autonomic ganglion ensheathing blast cell Chemodifferentiated autonomic neuron Suprarenal medulloblast Phaeochromocytoblast Sympathochromaffin blast cell Paraganglion Primordium of medulla of suprarenal gland Visceromotor system Paraganglion Primordium of medulla of suprarenal gland Visceromotor system AUTONOMIC GANGLION Primordia of autonomic ganglia AUTONOMIC GANGLION Primordia of autonomic ganglia Ganglionic capsule Stroma of ganglion Sympathetic ganglion Primordia of sympathetic ganglia Ganglionic capsule Stroma of ganglion Sympathetic ganglion Primordia of sympathetic ganglia Primordia of sympathetic trunk ganglia Primordium of superior cervical ganglion Primordium of middle cervical ganglion Primordium of inferior cervical ganglion Primordium of cervicothoracic ganglion Stellate ganglion Primordium of thoracic ganglion Primordium of lumbar ganglion Primordium of sacral ganglion Primordium of ganglion impar Primordia of sympathetic trunk ganglia Primordium of superior cervical ganglion Primordium of middle cervical ganglion Primordium of inferior cervical ganglion Primordium of cervicothoracic ganglion Stellate ganglion Primordium of thoracic ganglion Primordium of lumbar ganglion Primordium of sacral ganglion Primordium of ganglion impar TE2, Part 4 Sympathoblast Parasympathoblast Primordium of stellate ganglion 224 6830 Primordia gangliorum sympathicorum visceralium Ganglion coeliacum Ganglion mesentericum superius Ganglion mesentericum inferius Ganglion aorticorenale Primordia of sympathetic visceral ganglia Coeliac ganglion Superior mesenteric ganglion Inferior mesenteric ganglion Aorticorenal ganglion Primordia of sympathetic visceral ganglia Celiac ganglion Superior mesenteric ganglion Inferior mesenteric ganglion Aorticorenal ganglion 6842 Ganglion parasympathicum Primordia gangliorum parasympathicorum Primordium ganglii terminalis Primordium ganglii ciliaris Primordium ganglii episcleralis Primordium ganglii pterygopalatini Primordium ganglii submandibularis Primordium ganglii sublingualis 6843 6844 6845 6846 Primordium ganglii otici Primordium ganglii pelvici Primordium ganglii visceralis Neuron autonomicum Parasympathetic ganglion Primordia of parasympathetic ganglion Primordium of terminal ganglion Primordium of ciliary ganglion Primordia of episcleral ganglion Primordium of pterygopalatine ganglion Primordium of submandibular ganglion Primordium of sublingual ganglion Primordium of otic ganglion Primordia of pelvic ganglion Primordia of visceral ganglion Autonomic neuron Parasympathetic ganglion Primordia of parasympathetic ganglion Primordium of terminal ganglion Primordium of ciliary ganglion Primordia of episcleral ganglion Primordium of pterygopalatine ganglion Primordium of submandibular ganglion Primordium of sublingual ganglion Primordium of otic ganglion Primordia of pelvic ganglion Primordia of visceral ganglion Autonomic neuron 6847 AXONA ET FASCICULI AUTONOMICI Truncus sympathicus R. interganglionicus Primordium trunci sympathici Axon preganglionicum Neurofibra preganglionica R. communicans albus Axon postganglionicum Neurofibra postganglionica Neurofibra autonomica R. communicans griseus AUTONOMIC AXONS AND FASCICULI Sympathetic trunk Interganglionic branch Primordium of sympathetic trunk Preganglionic axon Preganglionic nerve fibre White ramus communicans Postganglionic axon Postganglionic nerve fibre Autonomic nerve fibre Grey ramus communicans AUTONOMIC AXONS AND FASCICULI Sympathetic trunk Interganglionic branch Primordium of sympathetic trunk Preganglionic axon Preganglionic nerve fiber White ramus communicans Postganglionic axon Postganglionic nerve fiber Autonomic nerve fiber Grey ramus communicans; Gray ramus communicans Sympathetic plexus Autonomic plexus Autonomic ganglion 6831 6832 6833 6834 6835 6836 6837 6838 6839 6840 6841 6848 6849 6850 6851 6852 6853 6854 6855 6856 6857 6858 6859 6860 6861 6862 6863 6864 6865 6866 Plexus sympathicus Plexus autonomicus Ganglion autonomicum Systema nervosum entericum Crista neuralis Ganglioblastus entericus Neuron immaturum entericum Plexus entericus ganglionaris Plexus nervosus myentericus FIPAT.library.dal.ca Sympathetic plexus Autonomic plexus Autonomic ganglion Enteric nervous system Neural crest Enteric ganglioblast Immature enteric neuron Ganglionic enteric plexus Myenteric plexus Enteric nervous system Neural crest Enteric ganglioblast Immature enteric neuron Ganglionic enteric plexus Myenteric plexus TE2, Part 4 Enteric nerve plexus §Auerbach§ 225 6867 6868 6869 6870 6871 6872 6873 6874 6875 6876 6877 6878 6879 6880 6881 6882 6883 6884 6885 6886 6887 6888 6889 6890 6891 6892 6893 6894 6895 6896 6897 6898 6899 6900 6901 6902 Plexus nervosus submucosus externus Plexus nervosus submucosus internus Glioblastus entericus Glia enterica Gliocytus entericus Ganglion entericum Plexus entericus aganglionaris Textus connectivi nervi peripherici Crista neuralis Ectomesenchyma Mesenchyma dermatomyotomiale Mesenchyma somatopleurale Mesenchyma splanchnopleurale Ectoderma embryonicum anuli umbilicalis Mesenchyma ex eminentia caudale Endoneurium Epineurium Perineurium Fibroblastus Fibroblastus endoneurialis Fibroblastus epineurialis Fibroblastus perineurialis Vagina endoneurialis Lamina basalis vaginae endoneurialis Perineurioblastus Perineuriocytus Macrophagocytus ANOMALIAE SYSTEMATIS NERVOSI PERIPHERICI Anomaliae myelinisationis Hypomyelinisatio Absentia myelini Hypomyelinisatio congenita Polyneuropathia congenita hypomyelinisatione Dysmyelinisatio Neuropathia peripherica congenita Neuropathiae motoriae et sensoriae congenitae FIPAT.library.dal.ca Cellula implicans enterica Mesenchyma cristae neuralis Outer submucous plexus Outer submucous plexus §Schabadasch§ Inner submucous plexus Inner submucous plexus §Meissner§ Enteric glioblast Enteric glia Enteric glial cell Enteric ganglion Aganglionic enteric plexus Enteric glioblast Enteric glia Enteric glial cell Enteric ganglion Aganglionic enteric plexus Connective tissues of peripheral nerve Neural crest Ectomesenchyme Dermatomyotomal mesenchyme Somatopleuric mesenchyme Splanchnopleuric mesenchyme Embryonic ectoderm of umbilical ring Mesenchyme from caudal eminence Endoneurium Epineurium Perineurium Fibroblast Endoneurial fibroblast Epineurial fibroblast Perineurial fibroblast Endoneurial sheath Endoneurial sheath basal lamina Connective tissues of peripheral nerve Neural crest Ectomesenchyme Dermatomyotomal mesenchyme Somatopleuric mesenchyme Splanchnopleuric mesenchyme Embryonic ectoderm of umbilical ring Mesenchyme from caudal eminence Endoneurium Epineurium Perineurium Fibroblast Endoneurial fibroblast Epineurial fibroblast Perineurial fibroblast Endoneurial sheath Endoneurial sheath basal lamina Perineurial blast cell Perineurial cell Macrophage Perineurial blast cell Perineurial cell Macrophage ANOMALIES OF PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM Myelination disorders Hypomyelination Absence of myelin Congenital hypomyelination Congenital hypomyelinating polyneuropathy Dysmyelination Hereditary peripheral neuropathy Hereditary motor and sensory neuropathies ANOMALIES OF PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM Myelination disorders Hypomyelination Absence of myelin Congenital hypomyelination Congenital hypomyelinating polyneuropathy Dysmyelination Hereditary peripheral neuropathy Hereditary motor and sensory neuropathies TE2, Part 4 Enteric ensheathing cell Neural crest mesenchyme Endnote 396 Endnote 397 Endnote 398 §Dejerine-Sottas§ §Charcot-Marie-Tooth§ 226 6903 6904 6905 6906 6907 6908 6909 6910 6911 6912 6913 6914 6915 6916 6917 6918 6919 6920 6921 6922 6923 6924 6925 6926 6927 6928 6929 6930 6931 6932 6933 6934 Paralysis congenita abducentofacialis Atrophia neuroni motorii congeniti Neuronopathia motoria hereditaria Atrophia infantilis spinalis musculorum acuta Agenesis nervi peripherici Agenesis nervi cranialis Agenesis nervi spinalis Hypoplasia nervi peripherici Hypoplasia nervi cranialis Hypoplasia nervi spinalis Congenital abducens-facial paralysis Congenital motor neuron atrophy Hereditary motor neuronopathy Congenital abducensfacial paralysis Congenital motor neuron atrophy Hereditary motor neuronopathy §Möbius§ Acute infantile spinal muscular atrophy Agenesis of peripheral nerve Cranial nerve agenesis Spinal nerve agenesis Hypoplasia of peripheral nerve Cranial nerve hypoplasia Spinal nerve hypoplasia Acute infantile spinal muscular atrophy Agenesis of peripheral nerve Cranial nerve agenesis Spinal nerve agenesis Hypoplasia of peripheral nerve Cranial nerve hypoplasia Spinal nerve hypoplasia §Werdnig-Hoffmann§ Anomaliae crescentiae N. periphericus duplicatus N. periphericus triplicatus N. periphericus plexiformis Conexus abnormalis inter nervos periphericos Distributio abnormalis fascis neurofibrarum spinalium segmentalium Cursus abnormalis nervi peripherici Dislocatio congenita nervi peripherici Dislocatio plexus Plexus brachialis prepositus Plexus brachialis postpositus Plexus lumbosacralis prepositus Plexus lumbosacralis postpositus Growth anomalies Duplicated peripheral nerve Triplicated peripheral nerve Plexiform peripheral nerve Anomalous connection between peripheral nerves Anomalous spinal segmental fibre bundle distribution Growth anomalies Duplicated peripheral nerve Triplicated peripheral nerve Plexiform peripheral nerve Anomalous connection between peripheral nerves Anomalous spinal segmental fiber bundle distribution Anomalous peripheral nerve course Congenital peripheral nerve displacement Plexus displacement Brachial plexus prefixation Brachial plexus postfixation Lumbosacral plexus prefixation Lumbosacral plexus postfixation Anomalous peripheral nerve course Congenital peripheral nerve displacement Plexus displacement Brachial plexus prefixation Brachial plexus postfixation Lumbosacral plexus prefixation Lumbosacral plexus postfixation Anomaliae systematis nervosi enterici Dysautonomia familiaris Enteric nervous system anomalies Familial dysautonomia Enteric nervous system anomalies Familial dysautonomia Dysplasia neuronalis intestinalis Neurofibroma Defectus systematis nervosi enterici post duodenalis Aganglionosis coli Aganglionosis coli completa Intestinal neuronal dysplasia Neurofibroma Deficiencies of postduodenal enteric nervous system Colonic aganglionosis Total colonic aganglionosis Intestinal neuronal dysplasia Neurofibroma Deficiencies of postduodenal enteric nervous system Colonic aganglionosis Total colonic aganglionosis Aganglionosis coli partialis Megacolon congenitum FIPAT.library.dal.ca Partial colonic aganglionosis Congenital megacolon TE2, Part 4 Partial colonic aganglionosis Congenital megacolon §Werdnig-Hoffmann§ §Riley Day§ Endnote 399 §Hirschprung§ §Zuelzer-Wilson§ §Hirschprung§ 227 6935 6936 Dysplasia neuronalis coli Hypoganglionosis coli 6937 6938 6939 6940 6941 6942 Organa sensuum 6943 6944 6945 6946 6947 N. olfactorius Cellula olfactoria staminalis Neuroblastus olfactorius Neuron olfactorium immaturum Cellula progenetrix interneuroni bulbi olfactorii Interneuron bulbi olfactorii Epitheliocytus sustenans olfactorius Epitheliocytus basalis olfactorius Glioblastus olfactorius implicans Cellula olfactoria implicans 6948 6949 6950 6951 6952 6953 6954 6955 6956 6957 6958 6959 6960 6961 6962 6963 6964 6965 6966 6967 6968 6969 6970 Organum olfactorium Ectoderma capitis Placoda nasalis Complexus cristae neuralis nasalis Epithelium olfactorium Organum olfactus Placoda olfactoria Cellula olfactoria precursoria Gliocytus olfactorius implicans Colonic neuronal dysplasia Colonic hypoganglionosis Colonic neuronal dysplasia Colonic hypoganglionosis Sense organs Sense organs Olfactory organ Ectoderm of head Nasal placode Nasal neural crest complex Olfactory epithelium Olfactory nerve Olfactory stem cell Olfactory neuroblast Immature olfactory neuron Olfactory bulb interneuron progenitor cell Olfactory bulb interneuron Olfactory supporting epithelial cell Olfactory basal epithelial cell Olfactory ensheathing glioblast Olfactory ensheathing cell Olfactory organ Ectoderm of head Nasal placode Nasal neural crest complex Olfactory epithelium Olfactory nerve Olfactory stem cell Olfactory neuroblast Immature olfactory neuron Olfactory bulb interneuron progenitor cell Olfactory bulb interneuron Olfactory supporting epithelial cell Olfactory basal epithelial cell Olfactory ensheathing glioblast Olfactory ensheathing cell Filum olfactorium Fovea nasalis Saccus nasalis Pinna nasalis Membrana oronasalis Obturamentum epitheliale nasale Pulvillus conchalis Diverticulum paranasale Primordium olfactorium Olfactory nerve bundle Nasal pit Nasal sac Nasal fin Oronasal membrane Nasal epithelial plug Olfactory nerve bundle Nasal pit Nasal sac Nasal fin Oronasal membrane Nasal epithelial plug Conchal cushion Paranasal diverticulum Olfactory primordium Conchal cushion Paranasal diverticulum Olfactory primordium ANOMALIAE ORGANI OLFACTORII Defectus nervi olfactorii Bulbus olfactorius absens Hypoplasia bulbi olfactorii Tractus olfactorius absens Hypoplasia tractus olfactorii OLFACTORY ORGAN ANOMALIES Olfactory nerve deficiency Olfactory bulb absence Olfactory bulb hypoplasia Olfactory tract absence Olfactory tract hypoplasia OLFACTORY ORGAN ANOMALIES Olfactory nerve deficiency Olfactory bulb absence Olfactory bulb hypoplasia Olfactory tract absence Olfactory tract hypoplasia Vomeronasal organ Nasal placode Vomeronasal neural crest complex Vomeronasal organ Nasal placode Vomeronasal neural crest complex Organum vomeronasale Placoda nasalis Complexus cristae neuralis vomeronasalis FIPAT.library.dal.ca Placoda olfactoria TE2, Part 4 Colonic hypogangliosis Nasal disc; Olfactory placode Olfactory ensheathing glial cell; OEC Nasal disc; Olfactory placode §Jacobson§ 228 6971 6972 6973 6974 6975 6976 6977 6978 6979 6980 6981 6982 6983 6984 6985 6986 Primordium organi vomeronasalis Sulcus vomeronasalis Cupula vomeronasalis Organum vomeronasale tubulare Ductus organi vomeronasalis Epithelium vomeronasale Primordium of vomeronasal organ Vomeronasal groove Vomeronasal cup Tubular vomeronasal organ Vomeronasal duct Vomeronasal epithelium Primordium of vomeronasal organ Vomeronasal groove Vomeronasal cup Tubular vomeronasal organ Vomeronasal duct Vomeronasal epithelium N. vomeronasalis Neuroblastus vomeronasalis Neuron immaturum vomeronasale Glioblastus implicans vomeronasalis Cellula implicans vomeronasalis Vomeronasal nerve Vomeronasal neuroblast Immature vomeronasal neuron Vomeronasal nerve Vomeronasal neuroblast Immature vomeronasal neuron Vomeronasal ensheathing glioblast Vomeronasal ensheathing cell Vomeronasal ensheathing glioblast Vomeronasal ensheathing cell N. terminalis Neuroblastus nervi terminalis Neuron immaturum nervi terminalis Glioblastus implicans nervi terminalis Cellula implicans nervi terminalis Terminal nerve Neuroblast of nervus terminalis Immature neuron of nervus terminalis Ensheathing glioblast of terminal nerve Ensheathing cell of terminal nerve Terminal nerve Neuroblast of nervus terminalis Immature neuron of nervus terminalis Ensheathing glioblast of terminal nerve Ensheathing cell of terminal nerve Gustatory organ TASTE BUD Oropharyngeal epithelium Primordium of taste bud Perigemmal nerve fibre Intragemmal nerve fibre Perigemmal cell Primordial taste pore Elongated nondifferentiated epithelial cell Type I gustatory epithelial cell Type II gustatory sensory epithelial cell Type III gustatory sensory epithelial cell Type IV gustatory epithelial cell Type V gustatory epithelial cell Taste pore Gustatory organ TASTE BUD Oropharyngeal epithelium Primordium of taste bud Perigemmal nerve fiber Intragemmal nerve fiber Perigemmal cell Primordial taste pore Elongated nondifferentiated cell Eye and related structures EYEBALL Eye field Eye and related structures EYEBALL Eye field 6999 7000 7001 Organum gustatorium GEMMA GUSTATORIA Epithelium oropharyngeum Primordium gemmae gustatoriae Neurofibra perigemmalis Neurofibra intragemmalis Cellula perigemmalis Porus gustatorius primordialis Epitheliocytus extensus nondifferentiatus Epitheliocytus gustatorius typi I Epitheliocytus sensorius gustatorius typi II Epitheliocytus sensorius gustatorius typi III Epitheliocytus gustatorius typi IV Epitheliocytus gustatorius typi V Porus gustatorius 7002 7003 7004 Oculus et structurae pertinentes BULBUS OCULI Campus oculi 6987 6988 6989 6990 6991 6992 6993 6994 6995 6996 6997 6998 FIPAT.library.dal.ca Gliocytus nervi terminalis implicans Organum gustus Caliculus gustatorius Epitheliocytus basalis Epitheliocytus sustenans TE2, Part 4 Type I gustatory epithelial cell Type II gustatory sensory epithelial cell Type III gustatory sensory epithelial cell Type IV gustatory epithelial cell Type V gustatory epithelial cell Taste pore Ensheathing glial cell of terminal nerve Basal epithelial cell Marginal epithelial cell 229 7005 Epithelium tubi neuralis 7006 7007 7008 7009 7010 7011 7012 7013 7014 7015 7016 7017 7018 7019 7020 7021 7022 7023 7024 7025 Primordium opticum Sulcus opticus Vesicula optica Cavitas vesiculae opticae Spatium intraretinale Discus retinalis Pedunculus opticus N. opticus Discus nervi optici Cupula optica Labrum cupulae opticae Lamina externa cupulae Cavitas cupulae opticae Camera vitrea Lamina interna cupulae Fissura optica Ectoderma capitis Epithelium anterius corneae Epithelium simplex cuboideum Epithelium stratificatum squamosum noncornificatum Lamina limitans anterior 7026 7027 7028 7029 7030 7031 7032 7033 7034 7035 7036 7037 7038 7039 7040 7041 7042 7043 Cellula staminalis cornealis Placoda lentis Fovea lentis Vesicula lentis Cavitas lentis Cavitas lentis figurata D Cavitas crescentiformis lentis Cavitas lentis clausa Epithelium superficiale lentis Epithelium profundum lentis Fibra lentis primaria Epithelium aequatoriale lentis Fibra lentis secundaria Sutura fibrae lentis secundariae Capsula lentis Tunica vasculosa lentis Arcus nucleorum 7044 7045 7046 Retina Epithelium tubi neuralis Lamina externa cupulae FIPAT.library.dal.ca Neurectoderma; Ectoderma neurale Camera postrema Fissura retinae Cellula cornealis precursoria Discus lentis Neurectoderm; Ectoderma neurale Neural tube epithelium Neural tube epithelium Optic primordium Optic groove Optic vesicle Cavity of optic vesicle Intraretinal space Retinal disc Optic stalk Optic nerve Optic disc Optic cup Optic cup lip External cup layer Cavity of optic cup Vitreous chamber Internal cup layer Retinal fissure Ectoderm of head Corneal epithelium Simple cuboidal epithelium Nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium Anterior limiting lamina Optic primordium Optic groove Optic vesicle Cavity of optic vesicle Intraretinal space Retinal disc Optic stalk Optic nerve Optic disc Optic cup Optic cup lip External cup layer Cavity of optic cup Vitreous chamber Internal cup layer Retinal fissure Ectoderm of head Corneal epithelium Simple cuboidal epithelium Nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium Anterior limiting lamina Corneal stem cell Lens placode Lens pit Lens vesicle Lens cavity D-shaped lens cavity Crescent-shaped lens cavity Closed lens cavity Superficial lens epithelium Deep lens epithelium Primary lens fibre Equatorial lens epithelium Secondary lens fibre Suture of secondary lens fibre Lens capsule Vascular lens tunic Nuclear bow Corneal stem cell Lens placode Lens pit Lens vesicle Lens cavity Dshaped lens cavity Crescent shaped lens cavity Closed lens cavity Superficial lens epithelium Deep lens epithelium Primary lens fiber Equatorial lens epithelium Secondary lens fiber Suture of secondary lens fiber Lens capsule Vascular lens tunic Nuclear bow Retina Neural tube epithelium External cup layer Retina Neural tube epithelium External cup layer TE2, Part 4 Neurectoderm; Neural ectoderm Optic sulcus Intraretinal cleft Endnote 400 Postremal chamber Optic fissure §Bowman§ Lens disc Neurectoderm; Neural ectoderm 230 7047 7048 7049 7050 7051 7052 7053 7054 7055 7056 7057 7058 7059 7060 7061 7062 7063 7064 7065 7066 7067 7068 7069 7070 7071 7072 7073 7074 7075 7076 7077 7078 7079 7080 7081 7082 Epithelium pseudostratificatum Stratum pigmentosum Pigmentocytus Spatium intraretinale Lamina interna cupulae Pars optica retinae Stratum ventriculare cupulae opticae Neuroepithelium pseudostratificatum Stratum nucleare Zona proliferationis Stratum marginale initiale Lamina basalis Processus neuri immaturi Stratum neurorum immaturorum externum Neuron immaturum Glioblastus radialis Processus gliocyti radialis Neuron horizontale Proneuron bacilliferum Neuron bacilliferum Bacillum retinae Segmentum externum neuri bacilliferi Discus membranaceus neuri bacilliferi Segmentum internum neuri bacilliferi Proneuron coniferum Neuron coniferum Conus retinae Segmentum externum neuri coniferi Discus membranaceus neuri coniferi Segmentum internum neuri coniferi Stratum segmentorum externorum et internorum Stratum limitans externum Stratum nucleorum externum Stratum plexiforme externum Processus axonalis neuri bacilliferi Spherula terminalis bacilli FIPAT.library.dal.ca Hiatus intraretinalis Zona ventricularis; Stratum sensorium lucis Pseudostratified epithelium Pigmented layer Pigment cell Intraretinal space Internal cup layer Pars optica retinae Ventricular zone Pseudostratified epithelium Pigmented layer Pigment cell Intraretinal space Internal cup layer Pars optica retinae Ventricular zone Pseudostratified neuroepithelium Nuclear layer Proliferation zone Initial marginal layer Lamina basalis Process of immature neuron Outer immature neuron layer Pseudostratified neuroepithelium Nuclear layer Proliferation zone Initial marginal layer Lamina basalis Process of immature neuron Outer immature neuron layer Immature neuron Neuron immaturum bacilliferum Photosensitive layer Immature neuron Radial glioblast Process of radial glial cell Horizontal cell Rod cell proneuron Rod cell Rod Outer segment of rod Membranous disc of rod Inner segment of rod Neuron immaturum coniferum Intraretinal cleft Radial glioblast Process of radial glial cell Horizontal cell Rod cell proneuron Rod cell Rod Outer segment of rod Immature rod cell Membranous disc of rod Inner segment of rod Cone cell proneuron Cone cell Cone Outer segment of cone Cone cell proneuron Cone cell Cone Outer segment of cone Membranous disc of cone Inner segment of cone Immature cone cell Membranous disc of cone Inner segment of cone Layer of outer and inner segments Outer limiting layer Outer nuclear layer Outer plexiform layer Axonal process of rod Layer of outer and inner segments Outer limiting layer Outer nuclear layer Outer plexiform layer Axonal process of rod Rod spherule Rod spherule TE2, Part 4 231 7083 7084 7085 7086 Processus axonalis neuri coniferi Pes terminalis coni Neuropilus Stratum anucleare fugax 7087 Stratum neurorum immaturorum internum Glioblastus radialis Gliocytus radialis Processus radialis gliocyti Neuron immaturum retinae Neuron amacrinum Neuron interplexiforme Neuron bipolare Cellula immatura ganglionica Translatio introrsum Stratum nucleare internum Stratum marginale residuale Stratum plexiforme internum Neuropilus Stratum ganglionare multipolare Neuron ganglionare multipolare retinae Stratum neurofibrarum Ora serrata Stratum limitans internum 7088 7089 7090 7091 7092 7093 7094 7095 7096 7097 7098 7099 7100 7101 7102 7103 7104 7105 Axonal process of cone Cone pedicle Neuropil Transient anuclear layer Stratum intermedium; Stratum pallii Proneuron Proneuron ganglionare Axonal process of cone Cone pedicle Neuropil Transient anuclear layer Inner immature neuron layer Inner immature neuron layer Radial glioblast Radial glial cell Radial process of glial cell Immature retinal neuron Amacrine cell Interplexiform cell Bipolar neuron Immature ganglion cell Apparent migration inwards Inner nuclear layer Residual marginal layer Inner plexiform layer Neuropil Ganglionic layer Retinal ganglion cell Radial glioblast Radial glial cell Radial process of glial cell Immature retinal neuron Amacrine cell Interplexiform cell Bipolar neuron Immature ganglion cell Apparent migration inwards Inner nuclear layer Residual marginal layer Inner plexiform layer Neuropil Ganglionic layer Retinal ganglion cell Nerve fibre layer Ora serrata Inner limiting layer Nonvisual retina Neurectoderm Ciliary part of retina Ciliary epithelium Iridial part of retina Iris epithelium Primordium of sphincter pupillae Primordium of dilator pupillae Nonvisual retina Neurectoderm Ciliary part of retina Ciliary epithelium Iridial part of retina Iris epithelium Primordium of sphincter pupillae Primordium of dilator pupillae 7114 7115 7116 Tunica fibrosa bulbi Sclera Cornea Fibrous layer of eyeball Sclera Cornea Fibrous layer of eyeball Sclera Cornea 7117 7118 7119 7120 Tunica vasculosa bulbi Choroidea Corpus ciliare Iris nonretinalis Vascular layer of eyeball Choroid Ciliary body Nonretinal iris Vascular layer of eyeball Choroid Ciliary body Nonretinal iris 7113 FIPAT.library.dal.ca Uvea Mantle layer §Müller§ Proneuron Ganglion cell proneuron Endnote 401 Nerve fiber layer Ora serrata Inner limiting layer Pars caeca retinae Neurectoderma Pars ciliaris retinae Epithelium ciliare Pars iridica retinae Epithelium iridicum Primordium musculi sphincteris pupillae Primordium musculi dilatatoris pupillae 7106 7107 7108 7109 7110 7111 7112 §Chievitz§ TE2, Part 4 Endnote 402 Uvea Endnote 403 232 7121 7122 7123 7124 7125 7126 7127 7128 7129 7130 7131 7132 7133 7134 7135 7136 7137 7138 7139 7140 7141 7142 7143 7144 7145 7146 Mesenchyma oculi Crista neuralis mesencephalica Crista neuralis optica Tunica vasculosa lentis Mesenchyma perioculare Mesenchyma camerae vitreae A. lentis Tunica vasculosa lentis A. hyaloidea V. hyaloidea Corpus vitreum primarium Corpus vitreum secundarium Corpus vitreum tertiarium Canalis hyaloideus Membrana vitrea Mesenchyma camerae anterioris Epithelium camerae anterioris Humor aquosus Camera anterior Camera posterior Mesenchyma capsulae Tunica fibrosa bulbi Substantia propria sclerae V. intrascleralis Sinus venosus sclerae Lamina limitans anterior Optic mesenchyme Mesencephalic neural crest Optic neural crest Vascular lens tunic Periocular mesenchyme Vitreous chamber mesenchyme Lens artery Vascular lens tunic Hyaloid artery Hyaloid vein Primary vitreous body Secondary vitreous body Tertiary vitreous body Hyaloid canal Vitreous membrane Anterior chamber mesenchyme Anterior chamber epithelium Aqueous humor Anterior chamber Posterior chamber Capsule mesenchyme Fibrous layer of eyeball Substantia propria of sclera Intrascleral vein Scleral venous sinus Anterior limiting lamina Optic mesenchyme Mesencephalic neural crest Optic neural crest Vascular lens tunic Periocular mesenchyme Vitreous chamber mesenchyme Lens artery Vascular lens tunic Hyaloid artery Hyaloid vein Primary vitreous body Secondary vitreous body Tertiary vitreous body Hyaloid canal Vitreous membrane Anterior chamber mesenchyme Anterior chamber epithelium Aqueous humor Anterior chamber Posterior chamber Capsule mesenchyme Fibrous layer of eyeball Substantia propria of sclera Intrascleral vein Scleral venous sinus Anterior limiting lamina 7147 7148 Substantia propria corneae Epithelium posterius corneae Substantia propria of cornea Endothelium of anterior chamber Simple cuboidal epithelium Substantia propria of cornea Endothelium of anterior chamber Simple cuboidal epithelium 7149 7150 7151 7152 7153 7154 7155 7156 7157 7158 7159 7160 7161 Epithelium simplex cuboideum Epithelium simplex squamosum Keratocytus Lamina limitans posterior Pars laminata striataque Pars nonlaminata et nonstriata Tunica vasculosa bulbi Lamina vasculosa Lamina choroidocapillaris Stroma ciliare M. ciliaris Stroma iridis Membrana pupillaris FIPAT.library.dal.ca Simple squamous epithelium Simple squamous epithelium Keratocyte Posterior limiting lamina Keratocyte Posterior limiting lamina Banded, striated part Nonbanded, nonstriated Uvea part Vascular layer of eyeball Vascular layer Choroidocapillary layer Ciliary stroma Ciliary muscle Stroma of iris Pupillary membrane TE2, Part 4 §Schlemm§ §Bowman§ Endnote 404 §Descemet§ Banded, striated part Nonbanded, nonstriated part Vascular layer of eyeball Vascular layer Choroidocapillary layer Ciliary stroma Ciliary muscle Stroma of iris Pupillary membrane Endnote 405 Uvea Iridopupillary membrane Endnote 406 233 7162 Defectio membranae pupillaris Regression of pupillary membrane Regression of pupillary membrane 7163 7164 7165 7166 7167 7168 7169 7170 7171 7172 7173 7174 7175 7176 ANOMALIAE STRUCTURARUM OCULI Anophthalmia Cryptophthalmia Cyclopia Synophthalmia Macrophthalmia Microphthalmia Hypotelorismus oculorum Hypertelorismus oculorum Cornea conica Cornea ovoidea Cornea plana Cornea perforata congenita Cornea guttata 7177 7178 7179 7180 7181 Macrocornea Microcornea Opacitas corneae congenita Sclerocornea Lamina limitans posterior absens 7182 7183 7184 7185 7186 7187 7188 7189 7190 7191 7192 7193 7194 7195 7196 7197 7198 7199 7200 7201 Fovea lentis persistens Aniridia Coloboma congenita Coloboma iridis Coloboma retinae Polycoria Polycoria vera Polycoria spuria Ectopia pupillae Membrana pupillaris persistens Glaucoma congenitum Buphthalmia Aplasia lentis Cataracta congenita Duplicatio lentis Ectopia lentis Arteria hyaloidea persistens Tunica vasculosa lentis persistens Cystis retinae Corpus vitreus primarius hyperplasticus persistens Ablatio retinae ANOMALIES OF OCULAR STRUCTURES Anophthalmia Cryptophthalmia Cyclopia Synophthalmia Macrophthalmia Microphthalmia Ocular hypotelorism Ocular hypertelorism Conical cornea Ovoid cornea Flat cornea Congenital perforated cornea Hereditary corneal epithelial dystrophy Macrocornea Microcornea Congenital corneal opacity Sclerocornea Absent posterior limiting membrane Persistent lens fovea Aniridia Coloboma Irideal coloboma Retinal coloboma Polycoria True polycoria Polycoria spuria Ectopic pupil Persistent pupillary membrane Congenital glaucoma Buphthalmia Lens aplasia Congenital cataract Duplication of lens Ectopic lens Persistent hyaloid artery Persistent tunica vasculosa lentis Retinal cyst Persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous body Congenital retinal detachment ANOMALIES OF OCULAR STRUCTURES Anophthalmia Cryptophthalmia Cyclopia Synophthalmia Macrophthalmia Microphthalmia Ocular hypotelorism Ocular hypertelorism Conical cornea Ovoid cornea Flat cornea Congenital perforated cornea Hereditary corneal epithelial dystrophy Macrocornea Microcornea Congenital corneal opacity Sclerocornea Absent posterior limiting membrane Persistent lens fovea Aniridia Coloboma Irideal coloboma Retinal coloboma Polycoria True polycoria Polycoria spuria Ectopic pupil Persistent pupillary membrane Congenital glaucoma Buphthalmia Lens aplasia Congenital cataract Duplication of lens Ectopic lens Persistent hyaloid artery Persistent tunica vasculosa lentis Retinal cyst Persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous body Congenital retinal detachment 7202 FIPAT.library.dal.ca Megalocornea Aphakia TE2, Part 4 Megalocornea Endnote 407 Aphakia 234 7203 7204 7205 7206 7207 7208 7209 7210 7211 7212 7213 7214 7215 7216 7217 7218 7219 7220 7221 7222 7223 7224 7225 7226 7227 7228 7229 7230 7231 7232 7233 7234 7235 7236 7237 7238 7239 7240 7241 7242 Albinismus choroideus Albinismus oculocutaneus Syndroma dysgenesis iridocornealis mesenchymalis Syndroma fissurae camerae anterioris Albinism of choroid Oculocutaneous albinism Iridocorneal mesenchymal dysgenesis syndrome Anterior chamber cleavage syndrome Albinism of choroid Oculocutaneous albinism Iridocorneal mesenchymal dysgenesis syndrome Anterior chamber cleavage syndrome STRUCTURAE OCULI ACCESSORIAE Plica palpebralis Palpebra Ectoderma embryonicum Epidermis Cilium Epithelium conjunctivale Lamina tarsalis Gemma glandulae tarsalis Glandula tarsalis Gemma glandulae lacrimalis Blastema glandulae lacrimalis Glandula lacrimalis Ductulus excretorius lacrimalis Sulcus nasolacrimalis Lamina lacrimalis Chorda lacrimalis Canaliculus lacrimalis Saccus lacrimalis Ductus nasolacrimalis Mesenchyma palpebrale Palpebrae conjunctae Rima palpebrarum Palpebrae apertae ACCESSORY OCULAR STRUCTURES Palpebral fold Eyelid Embryonic ectoderm Epidermis Eyelash Conjunctival epithelium Tarsal plate Tarsal gland bud Tarsal gland Lacrimal gland bud Blastema of lacrimal gland Lacrimal gland Lacrimal excretory duct Nasolacrimal groove Lacrimal lamina Lacrimal cord Lacrimal canaliculus Lacrimal sac Nasolacrimal duct Palpebral mesenchyme Fused eyelids Palpebral fissure Open eyelids ACCESSORY OCULAR STRUCTURES Palpebral fold Eyelid Embryonic ectoderm Epidermis Eyelash Conjunctival epithelium Tarsal plate Tarsal gland bud Tarsal gland Lacrimal gland bud Blastema of lacrimal gland Lacrimal gland Lacrimal excretory duct Nasolacrimal groove Lacrimal lamina Lacrimal cord Lacrimal canaliculus Lacrimal sac Nasolacrimal duct Palpebral mesenchyme Fused eyelids Palpebral fissure Open eyelids ANOMALIES OF ACCESSORY OCULAR STRUCTURES Absence of eyelid Aplasia of lacrimal gland Ectopic lacrimal gland Congenital hypolacrimia Aplasia of lacrimal punctum Absent lacrimal punctum Slit-like lacrimal punctum Ectopic lacrimal punctum Double lacrimal punctum Supernumerary lacrimal punctum ANOMALIES OF ACCESSORY OCULAR STRUCTURES Absence of eyelid Aplasia of lacrimal gland Ectopic lacrimal gland Congenital hypolacrimia Aplasia of lacrimal punctum Absent lacrimal punctum Slitlike lacrimal punctum Ectopic lacrimal punctum Double lacrimal punctum Supernumerary lacrimal punctum Atresia of lacrimal canaliculus Atresia of lacrimal canaliculus ANOMALIAE STRUCTURARUM ACCESSORIARUM OCULI Ablepharia Aplasia glandulae lacrimalis Ectopia glandulae lacrimalis Hypolacrimia congenita Aplasia puncti lacrimalis Punctum lacrimale absens Punctum lacrimale rimatum Ectopia puncti lacrimalis Punctum lacrimale duplex Punctum lacrimale supernumerarium Atresia canaliculi lacrimalis FIPAT.library.dal.ca Sulcus lacrimalis TE2, Part 4 §Rieger§ §Peters§ Lacrimal groove Endnote 408 Endnote 409 235 7243 7244 7245 7246 7247 Diverticulum sacci lacrimalis Fistula sacci lacrimalis congenita Absentia plicae lacrimalis Aplasia ductus nasolacrimalis Dacryostenosis congenita Fistula externa nasolacrimalis Proptosis Oculus retractus Cryptophthalmia Syndroma cryptophthalmiae Diverticulum of lacrimal sac Congenital fistula of lacrimal sac Absence of lacrimal fold Aplasia of nasolacrimal duct Congenital stenosis of nasolacrimal duct External nasolacrimal fistula Proptosis Deeply set eye Cryptophthalmia Cryptophthalmia syndrome Diverticulum of lacrimal sac Congenital fistula of lacrimal sac Absence of lacrimal fold Aplasia of nasolacrimal duct Congenital stenosis of nasolacrimal duct External nasolacrimal fistula Proptosis Deeply set eye Cryptophthalmia Cryptophthalmia syndrome 7248 7249 7250 7251 7252 7253 Syndroma lacrimoauriculodentodigitale Lacrimo-auriculo-dento-digital syndrome Lacrimoauriculodentodigital syndrome 7254 7255 7256 7257 7258 Auris AURIS EXTERNA Sulcus pharyngeus primus Meatus acusticus externus Obturamentum meatus acustici externi Membrana pharyngea Membrana tympanica Arcus pharyngei primus et secundus Tuberculum auris Colliculus auricularis Auricula Helix Antihelix Tragus Cartilago auricularis Ear EXTERNAL EAR First pharyngeal groove External acoustic meatus Meatal plug Ear EXTERNAL EAR First pharyngeal groove External acoustic meatus Meatal plug Pharyngeal membrane Tympanic membrane First and second pharyngeal arches Ear tubercle Auricular hillock Auricle Helix Antihelix Tragus Auricular cartilage Pharyngeal membrane Tympanic membrane First and second pharyngeal arches Ear tubercle Auricular hillock Auricle Helix Antihelix Tragus Auricular cartilage AURIS MEDIA Saccus pharyngeus primus Recessus tubotympanicus Apex recessus tubotympanici Tuba auditiva Anulus tympanicus Cavitas tympanica Cellula tympanica Antrum mastoideum Cellula mastoidea Arcus pharyngeus primus Mesenchyma arcus pharyngei primi Pars dorsalis cartilaginis arcus pharyngei primi MIDDLE EAR First pharyngeal pouch Tubotympanic recess Tip of tubotympanic recess Pharyngotympanic tube Tympanic ring Tympanic cavity Tympanic cell Mastoid antrum Mastoid cell First pharyngeal arch Mesenchyme of first pharyngeal arch Dorsal part of first pharyngeal arch cartilage MIDDLE EAR First pharyngeal pouch Tubotympanic recess Tip of tubotympanic recess Pharyngotympanic tube Tympanic ring Tympanic cavity Tympanic cell Mastoid antrum Mastoid cell First pharyngeal arch Mesenchyme of first pharyngeal arch Dorsal part of first pharyngeal arch cartilage 7259 7260 7261 7262 7263 7264 7265 7266 7267 7268 7269 7270 7271 7272 7273 7274 7275 7276 7277 7278 7279 7280 7281 FIPAT.library.dal.ca Tuba auditoria TE2, Part 4 §Fraser§ LADD Pinna Auditory tube §Eustachius§ 236 7282 7283 7284 7285 7286 7287 7288 7289 7290 7291 7292 7293 7294 7295 7296 7297 7298 7299 7300 7301 7302 7303 7304 7305 7306 7307 7308 7309 7310 7311 7312 7313 7314 7315 7316 7317 7318 7319 7320 7321 7322 7323 Crus breve incudis Corpus incudis Caput mallei Lig. mallei anterius Blastema musculi tensoris tympani M. tensor tympani Arcus pharyngeus secundus Mesenchyma arcus pharyngei secundi Cartilago arcus pharyngei secundi Processus mallei Os goniale Manubrium mallei Crus longum incudis Stapes Blastema musculi stapedii M. stapedius Anulus stapedis Malleus Incus Chorda tympani R. stapedius nervi facialis Short limb of incus Body of incus Head of malleus Anterior ligament of malleus Blastems of tensor tympani Short limb of incus Body of incus Head of malleus Anterior ligament of malleus Blastems of tensor tympani Tensor tympani Second pharyngeal arch Mesenchyme of second pharyngeal arch Second pharyngeal arch cartilage Mallear process Os goniale Handle of malleus Long limb of incus Stapes Blastema of stapedius Stapedius Stapedial ring Malleus Incus Chorda tympani Stapedial branch of facial nerve Tensor tympani Second pharyngeal arch Mesenchyme of second pharyngeal arch Second pharyngeal arch cartilage Mallear process Os goniale Handle of malleus Long limb of incus Stapes Blastema of stapedius Stapedius Stapedial ring Malleus Incus Chorda tympani Stapedial branch of facial nerve AURIS INTERNA Ectoderma embryonicum Campus oticus Placoda otica Fovea otica Vesicula otica Macula densa epithelii Primordium labyrinthi membranacei Appendix endolymphatica Ductus endolymphaticus Camera utriculosaccularis Primordium utriculi Lamina semicircularis Coalescentia centralis Ductus semicircularis Primordium sacculi Primordium ductus cochlearis Crescentia spiraliformis Ductus reuniens Mesenchyma capitis Capsula otica INTERNAL EAR Embryonic ectoderm Otic field Otic placode Otic pit Otic vesicle Thickened patch of epithelium Primordial membranous labyrinth Endolymphatic appendage Endolymphatic duct Utriculosaccular chamber Primordial utricle Semicircular plate Central coalescence Semicircular duct Primordial saccule Primordial cochlear duct Spiral growth Ductus reuniens Head mesenchyme Otic capsule INTERNAL EAR Embryonic ectoderm Otic field Otic placode Otic pit Otic vesicle Thickened patch of epithelium Primordial membranous labyrinth Endolymphatic appendage Endolymphatic duct Utriculosaccular chamber Primordial utricle Semicircular plate Central coalescence Semicircular duct Primordial saccule Primordial cochlear duct piral growth Ductus reuniens Head mesenchyme Otic capsule FIPAT.library.dal.ca Saccus vestibularis Diverticulum endolymphaticum TE2, Part 4 Endnote 410 Otic disc Otocyst Vestibular sac Endolymphatic diverticulum 237 7324 7325 7326 7327 7328 7329 7330 7331 7332 7333 7334 7335 7336 7337 7338 7339 7340 7341 7342 7343 7344 7345 7346 7347 7348 7349 7350 7351 7352 7353 7354 7355 7356 7357 7358 7359 7360 7361 7362 7363 7364 Cartilago otica Labyrinthus cartilagineus Labyrinthus osseus Mesenchyma Spatium perilymphaticum Cisterna periotica Primordium scalae tympani Primordium scalae vestibuli Helicotrema Scala media Spatium perilymphaticum Mesenchyma Modiolus cochleae Lamina spiralis ossea Textus cristae neuralis oticae Placoda otica Area neuroepithelialis vesiculae oticae Vestibuloblastus Vestibulocytus Vestibulocytus I Vestibulocytus II Vestibulocytus internus Vestibulocytus externus Vestibulocytus sustenans Epithelium striae vascularis Epithelium sacci endolymphatici Epithelium labyrinthi membranosi Ganglion vestibulocochleare Ganglion vestibulare Neuron sensorium ganglionare vestibulare Canalis spiralis cochleae Cochleoblastus Cochleocytus Cochleocytus internus Cochleocytus externus Ganglion spirale cochleae Neuron sensorium ganglionare cochleare Glioblastus ganglionaris cochlearis implicans Gliocytus ganglionicus Schwannoblastus Schwannocytus FIPAT.library.dal.ca Cellula sensoria pilosa Vestibulocytus piriformis Vestibulocytus columnaris Schwannocytus primordialis Otic cartilage Cartilaginous labyrinth Bony labyrinth Mesenchyme Perilymphatic space Periotic cistern Primordium of scala tympani Primordiium of scala vestibuli Helicotrema Scala media Perilymphatic space Mesenchyme Modiolus Osseous spiral lamina Otic neural crest tissue Otic placode Neuroepithelial area of otic vesicle Vestibuloblast Vestibular hair cell Type 1 vestibular hair cell Type 2 vestibular hair cell Inner vestibular hair cell Outer vestibular hair cell Vestibular supporting cell Epithelium of stria vascularis Epithelium of endolymphatic sac Lining of membranous labyrinth Vestibulocochlear ganglion Vestibular ganglion Vestibular ganglion cell Otic cartilage Cartilaginous labyrinth Bony labyrinth Mesenchyme Perilymphatic space Periotic cistern Primordium of scala tympani Primordiium of scala vestibuli Helicotrema Scala media Perilymphatic space Mesenchyme Modiolus Osseous spiral lamina Otic neural crest tissue Otic placode Neuroepithelial area of otic vesicle Vestibuloblast Vestibular hair cell Type 1 vestibular hair cell Type 2 vestibular hair cell Inner vestibular hair cell Outer vestibular hair cell Vestibular supporting cell Epithelium of stria vascularis Epithelium of endolymphatic sac Lining of membranous labyrinth Vestibulocochlear ganglion Vestibular ganglion Vestibular ganglion cell Spiral canal of cochlea Spiral canal of cochlea Cochleoblast Cochlear hair cell Inner hair cell Outer hair cell Spiral ganglion Cochlear ganglion cell Cochleoblast Cochlear hair cell Inner hair cell Outer hair cell Spiral ganglion Cochlear ganglion cell Cochlear ganglion ensheathing blast cell Ganglionic satellite cell Schwannoblast Schwann cell TE2, Part 4 Cochlear ganglion ensheathing blast cell Ganglionic satellite cell Schwannoblast Schwann cell Otic disc Vestibular sensory cell Type 1 vestibular sensory cell Type 2 vestibular sensory cell Endnote 411 §Corti; Rosenthal§ Endnote 412 §Corti§ Primordial Schwann cell 238 7365 7366 7367 7368 7369 ANOMALIAE AURIS Anomaliae auris externae Anotia Anomaliae meati acustici externi EAR ANOMALIES Anomalies of external ear Absent auricle Anomalies of external acoustic meatus Congenital aural atresia EAR ANOMALIES Anomalies of external ear Absent auricle Anomalies of external acoustic meatus Congenital aural atresia Aplasia tubae auditivae Anomalies of middle ear Atresia of tympanic cavity Dysplasia of tympanic cavity Cholesteatoma Hypoplasia of tympanic cavity Aplasia of round window Ectopia of round window Aplasia of oval window Ankylotia Aplasia of auditory ossicles Dysplasia of auditory ossicles Hypoplasia of auditory ossicles Hyperplasia of auditory ossicles Absent tensor trympani Absent stapedius Aplasia of pharyngotympanic tube Anomalies of middle ear Atresia of tympanic cavity Dysplasia of tympanic cavity Cholesteatoma Hypoplasia of tympanic cavity Aplasia of round window Ectopia of round window Aplasia of oval window Ankylotia Aplasia of auditory ossicles Dysplasia of auditory ossicles Hypoplasia of auditory ossicles Hyperplasia of auditory ossicles Absent tensor trympani Absent stapedius Aplasia of pharyngotympanic tube Stenosis tubae auditivae Stenosis of pharyngotympanic tube Stenosis of pharyngotympanic tube Facial canal dehiscence Persistent stapedial artery Atresia aurilis congenita 7387 7388 Anomaliae auris mediae Atresia cavitatis tympanicae Dysplasia cavitatis tympanicae Cholesteatoma Hypoplasia cavitatis tympanicae Aplasia fenestrae cochleae Ectopia fenestrae cochleae Aplasia fenestrae vestibuli Ankylotia Aplasia ossiculorum auditus Dysplasia ossiculorum auditus Hyoplasia ossiculorum auditus Hyperplasia ossiculorum auditus M. tensoris tympani absens M. stapedius absens Aplasia tubae pharyngotympanicae Stenosis tubae pharyngotympanicae Canalis nervi facialis dehiscens A. stapedii persistens 7389 7390 7391 7392 7393 7394 7395 7396 7397 Anomaliae auris internae Aplasia labyrinthi Hypoplasia labyrinthi Heteroplasia labyrinthi Ectopia labyrinthi Absentia melanocytorum Melanocyti absentes Aplasia meatus acustici interni Ectopia meatus acustici interni Anomalies of internal ear Labyrinthine aplasia Labyrinthine hypoplasia Labyrinthine heteroplasia Ectopic labyrinth Melanocyte absence Melanocyte deficiency Aplasia of internal acoustic meatus Ectopia of internal acoustic meatus 7398 Hypoplasia meatus acustici interni 7399 Hyperplasia meatus acustici interni 7400 7401 7402 Aplasia fossae subarcuatae Hypoplasia fossae subarcuatae Ectopia fossae subarcuatae Hypoplasia of internal acoustic meatus Hyperplasia of internal acoustic meatus Aplasia of subarcuate fossa Hypoplasia of subarcuate fossa Ectopia of subarcuate fossa 7370 7371 7372 7373 7374 7375 7376 7377 7378 7379 7380 7381 7382 7383 7384 7385 7386 FIPAT.library.dal.ca Otosclerosis Facial canal dehiscence Persistent stapedial artery TE2, Part 4 Otosclerosis Anomalies of internal ear Labyrinthine aplasia Labyrinthine hypoplasia Labyrinthine heteroplasia Ectopic labyrinth Melanocyte absence Melanocyte deficiency Aplasia of internal acoustic meatus Ectopia of internal acoustic meatus Hypoplasia of internal acoustic meatus Hyperplasia of internal acoustic meatus Aplasia of subarcuate fossa Hypoplasia of subarcuate fossa Ectopia of subarcuate fossa 239 7403 Hyperplasia fossae subarcuatae Hyperplasia of subarcuate fossa Hyperplasia of subarcuate fossa 7404 7405 7406 7407 7408 7409 7410 7411 7412 7413 7414 7415 7416 7417 7418 7419 7420 Integumentum commune The integument The integument 7421 7422 7423 7424 7425 7426 7427 7428 7429 7430 7431 7432 7433 7434 7435 7436 7437 7438 7439 7440 7441 7442 Cutis EPIDERMIS Ectoderma embryonicum Zona ectodermatis facialis Zona ectodermatis frontonasalis Epidermis intitialis Periderma Stratum basale Stratum intermedium Stratum spinosum Stratum granulare Stratum corneum Crista neuralis Ectomesenchyma Terminatio neuralis libera Corpusculum sensorium noncapsulatum Epitheliocytus tactilis Meniscus tactilis Melanocytus Dendrocytus Epidermis definitiva Gemma glandularis epidermis Glandula sudorifera DERMIS Mesenchyma Mesenchyma somiticum Mesenchyma dermatomiale Mesenchyma somatopleurale Mesenchyma splanchnopleurale Ectoderma embryonicum anuli umbilicalis Mesenchyma ex eminentia caudale Ectomesenchyma Subcorium Papilla dermis Plexus neuralis subepidermalis Plexus neuralis dermalis Terminatio neuralis libera Corpusculum sensorium capsulatum FIPAT.library.dal.ca Mesenchyma cristae neuralis Corium Mesenchyma cristae neuralis Skin EPIDERMIS Embryonic ectoderm Facial ectodermal zone Frontonasal ectodermal zone Initial epidermis Periderm Basal layer Intermediate layer Spinous layer Granular layer Horny layer Neural crest Ectomesenchyme Free nerve ending Nonencapsulated sensory corpuscle Sensory epithelial cell Tactile meniscus Melanocyte Dendritic cell Definitive epidermis Epidermal glandular downgrowth Sweat gland DERMIS Mesenchyme Somitic mesenchyme Dermatomal mesenchyme Somatopleuric mesenchyme Splanchnopleuric mesenchyme Embryonic ectoderm of umbilical ring Mesenchyme from caudal eminence Ectomesenchyme Subcorium Dermal papilla Subepidermal nerve plexus Dermal nerve plexus Free nerve ending Encapsulated sensory corpuscle TE2, Part 4 Skin EPIDERMIS Embryonic ectoderm Facial ectodermal zone Frontonasal ectodermal zone Initial epidermis Periderm Basal layer Intermediate layer Spinous layer Granular layer Horny layer Neural crest Ectomesenchyme Free nerve ending Nonencapsulated sensory corpuscle Sensory epithelial cell Tactile meniscus Melanocyte Dendritic cell Definitive epidermis Epidermal glandular downgrowth Sweat gland DERMIS Mesenchyme Somitic mesenchyme Dermatomal mesenchyme Somatopleuric mesenchyme Splanchnopleuric mesenchyme Embryonic ectoderm of umbilical ring Mesenchyme from caudal eminence Ectomesenchyme Subcorium Dermal papilla Subepidermal nerve plexus Dermal nerve plexus Free nerve ending Encapsulated sensory corpuscle Neural crest mesenchyme §Merkel§ §Langerhans§ Neural crest mesenchyme 240 7443 7444 7445 7446 7447 7448 7449 Corpusculum nervosum lanceolatum Terminatio lanceolata Schwannocytus cuneiformis Corpusculum ovoideum Terminatio spiralis Schwannocytus cuneiformis Corpusculum lamellosum 7450 7451 7452 7453 7454 Capsula perineuralis Corpusculum sensorium fusiforme Fibra collageni centralis Terminatio ramosa Capsula perineuralis 7455 7456 7457 7458 7459 7460 7461 7462 7463 7464 PILUS Gemma pili Folliculus epithelialis pili Intumescentia cellulae staminalis Vagina epithelialis dermis Stipes pili Bulbus pili Lanugo Glandula sebacea Vernix caseosa 7465 7466 7467 7468 7469 7470 7471 7472 7473 7474 7475 UNGUIS Campus unguis Plica unguis Matrix unguis Radix unguis Matrix proximalis Sulcus limitans Lectulus unguis Lamina unguis Eponychium Hyponychium NAIL Nail field Nail fold Nail matrix Nail root Proximal matrix Boundary furrow Nail bed Nail plate Eponychium Hyponychium NAIL Nail field Nail fold Nail matrix Nail root Proximal matrix Boundary furrow Nail bed Nail plate Eponychium Hyponychium 7476 7477 7478 MAMMA Ectoderma mammaria Linea mammaria BREAST Mammary ectoderm Mammary line BREAST Mammary ectoderm Mammary line 7479 7480 7481 7482 7483 Crista mammaria Primordium epitheliale mammae Placoda mammaria Bulbus mammarius Gemma mammaria Mammary crest Epithelial mammary primordium Mammary placode Mammary bulb Mammary bud Mammary crest Epithelial mammary primordium Mammary placode Mammary bulb Mammary bud FIPAT.library.dal.ca Corpusculum tactile Bulbus externus Scapus Lanceolate nerve corpuscle Lanceolate nerve corpuscle Palisade ending Wedge-shaped Schwann cell Tactile corpuscle Spiral ending Wedge-shaped Schwann cell Lamellar corpuscle Palisade ending Wedgeshaped Schwann cell Tactile corpuscle Spiral ending Wedgeshaped Schwann cell Lamellar corpuscle External bulb Bulbous corpuscle Central collagen fibre Branching ending Perineurial capsule External bulb Bulbous corpuscle Central collagen fiber Branching ending Perineurial capsule HAIR Hair bud Epithelial hair follicle Stem cell bulge Dermal root sheath Hair shaft Hair bulb Lanugo Sebaceous gland Vernix caseosa HAIR Hair bud Epithelial hair follicle Stem cell bulge Dermal root sheath Hair shaft Hair bulb Lanugo Sebaceous gland Vernix caseosa TE2, Part 4 §Meissner; Wagner-Meissner§ Outer core; Perineurial capsule See Terminologia Histologica §Pacini; Vater-Pacini§ §Ruffini§ Cuticle Endnote 413 Mammary ridge; Milk line; Milk ridge 241 7484 7485 7486 7487 7488 7489 7490 7491 7492 7493 7494 7495 7496 7497 7498 7499 7500 7501 7502 7503 7504 7505 7506 7507 7508 7509 7510 7511 7512 7513 7514 7515 7516 7517 7518 7519 7520 7521 7522 7523 Fovea mammaria Involutio cristae mammariae reliquae Gemma ductus Gemma secundaria Ductus lactifer Gemma alveoli Mesenchyma Stroma glandulae mammariae Glandula mammaria Papilla mammae Areola mammae Ectomesenchyma Melanoblastus Glandula areolaris Mesenchyma Dermis Stroma mammae Textus adiposus albus Cutis mammae ANOMALIAE INTEGUMENTI COMMUNIS Achoria Aplasia cutis congenita Dysplasia ectodermae congenita Epidermolysis bullosa Epidermolysis bullosa simplex Epidermolysis bullosa simplex manuum et pedum Epidermolysis bullosa letalis Epidermolysis bullosa dystrophica Ichthyosis Keratodermatosis mutilans hereditaria Polymerismus Pterygium colli Dyschromia congenita Albinismus Albinismus nontotus Albinismus oculocutaneus Albinismus totus Heterochromia Hypochromia Melanismus FIPAT.library.dal.ca Mesenchyma cristae neuralis Corium Aplasia cutis circumscripta Hypomelanosis; Albinismus partialis Amelanosis Mammary pit Involution of remaining mammary crest Duct bud Ductal tree Lactiferous duct Alveolar bud Mesenchyme Mammary gland stroma Mammary gland Nipple Areola Ectomesenchyme Melanoblast Areolar gland Mesenchyme Dermis Stroma of breast White adipose tissue Skin Mammary pit Involution of remaining mammary crest Duct bud Ductal tree Lactiferous duct Alveolar bud Mesenchyme Mammary gland stroma Mammary gland Nipple Areola Ectomesenchyme Melanoblast Areolar gland Mesenchyme Dermis Stroma of breast White adipose tissue Skin ANOMALIES OF INTEGUMENT ANOMALIES OF INTEGUMENT Achoria Congenital aplasia of the skin Congenital ectodermal dysplasia Epidermolysis bullosa Simple epidermolysis bullosa Simple epidermolysis bullosa of hands and feet Junctional epidermolysis bullosa Achoria Congenital aplasia of the skin Congenital ectodermal dysplasia Epidermolysis bullosa Simple epidermolysis bullosa Simple epidermolysis bullosa of hands and feet Junctional epidermolysis bullosa Dermal epidermolysis bullosa Dermal epidermolysis bullosa Ichthyosis Hereditary mutilating keratoderma Ichthyosis Hereditary mutilating keratoderma Polymerism Webbed neck Abnormal colour of skin Albinism Partial albinism Polymerism Webbed neck Abnormal colour of skin Albinism Partial albinism Oculocutaneous albinism Total albinism Heteropigmentation Hypopigmentation Melanism TE2, Part 4 Oculocutaneous albinism Total albinism Heteropigmentation Hypopigmentation Melanism Secondary bud Neural crest mesenchyme §Montgomery§ EB Epidermal EB §Weber-Cockayne§ §Herlitz§ §Vohwinkel§ Hypomelanosis; Piebaldism §Ito§ Amelanosis 242 7524 7525 7526 7527 7528 7529 7530 7531 7532 7533 7534 7535 Vitiligo Cutis tessellata Naevus Naevus achromicus Naevus pigmentosus Naevus vasculosus Angioma Cystis dermoidea congenita Cystis pilonidalis congenita Fistula pilonidalis congenita Sinus pilonidalis congenitus Sinus dermalis congenitus Vitiligo Piebaldism Naevus Nonpigmented naevus Pigmented naevus Vascular naevus Angioma Congenital dermoid cyst Congenital pilonidal cyst Congenital pilonidal fistula Congenital pilonidal sinus Congenital dermal sinus Vitiligo Piebaldism Nevus Nonpigmented nevus Pigmented nevus Vascular nevus Angioma Congenital dermoid cyst Congenital pilonidal cyst Congenital pilonidal fistula Congenital pilonidal sinus Congenital dermal sinus 7536 ANOMALIAE ET VARIATIONES UNGUIUM Onychodystrophia Anonychia Fovea unguis Hyperonychia Micronychia Polyonychia Ungues confluentes Unguis bifidus Unguis pectinatus NAIL VARIATIONS AND ANOMALIES Onychodystrophy Anonychia Nail pit Hyperonychia Micronychia Polyonychia Fused nails Bifid nail Ridged nail NAIL VARIATIONS AND ANOMALIES Onychodystrophy Anonychia Nail pit Hyperonychia Micronychia Polyonychia Fused nails Bifid nail Ridged nail ANOMALIAE ET VARIATIONES CRESCENTIAE PILI Trichodystrophia Alopecia totalis congenita Alopecia triangularis temporalis congenita Atrichosis congenita circumscripta HAIR ANOMALIES AND GROWTH VARIATIONS Trichodystrophy Congenital alopecia Congenital temporal or frontal baldness Circumscribed congenital atrichosis Diffuse congenital atrichosis Congenital patchy hypertrichosis Congenital hypertrichosis lanuginosa Hypotrichosis Congenital twisted hair Congenital moniliform hair Congenital spun glass hair Congenital nodular hair Congenital bamboo hair Congenital split hair Trichothiodystrophy Abnormal hair whorl HAIR ANOMALIES AND GROWTH VARIATIONS Trichodystrophy Congenital alopecia Congenital temporal or frontal baldness Circumscribed congenital atrichosis Diffuse congenital atrichosis Congenital patchy hypertrichosis Congenital hypertrichosis lanuginosa Hypotrichosis Congenital twisted hair Congenital moniliform hair Congenital spun glass hair Congenital nodular hair Congenital bamboo hair Congenital split hair Trichothiodystrophy Abnormal hair whorl 7537 7538 7539 7540 7541 7542 7543 7544 7545 7546 7547 7548 7549 7550 7551 7552 7553 7554 7555 7556 7557 7558 7559 7560 7561 7562 Atrichosis congenita diffusa Hypertrichosis partialis congenita Hypertrichosis lanuginosa congenita Hypotrichosis Pilus tortus congenitus Monilethrix congenita Pilus canaliculus congenitus Trichorrhexis nodosa congenita Trichorrhexis invaginata congenita Trichoschisis congenita Trichothiodystrophia congenita Spira pilorum anomala FIPAT.library.dal.ca Atrichia Hypertrichosis universalis Pilus triangularis congenitus TE2, Part 4 Small nail Atrichia §El-Shanti§ §Ambras§ Congenital beaded hair Congenital brittle hair 243 7563 7564 7565 7566 7567 7568 7569 7570 7571 7572 7573 7574 7575 7576 7577 7578 7579 7580 7581 7582 7583 7584 ANOMALIAE MAMMAE Amastia Gynaecomastia Hypermastia Macromastia Micromastia Polymastia Athelia Microthelia Papilla mammaria inversa congenita Polythelia Papilla mammaria accessoria pectoris Papilla mammaria axillaris Papilla mammaria inguinalis Tela subcutanea Mesenchyma Mesenchyma somiticum Mesenchyma dermatomiale Mesenchyma somatopleurale Ectoderma embryonicum anuli umbilicalis Mesenchyma ex eminentia caudale Ectomesenchyma FIPAT.library.dal.ca Mesenchyma cristae neuralis ANOMALIES OF BREAST Amastia Gynaecomastia Hypermastia Macromastia Micromastia Polymastia Athelia Microthelia Congenital inverted nipple ANOMALIES OF BREAST Amastia Gynecomastia Hypermastia Macromastia Micromastia Polymastia Athelia Microthelia Congenital inverted nipple Polythelia Accessory pectoral nipple Polythelia Accessory pectoral nipple Axillary nipple Inguinal nipple Subcutaneous tissue Mesenchyme Somitic mesenchyme Dermatomal mesenchyme Somatopleuric mesenchyme Embryonic ectoderm of umbilical ring Mesenchyme from caudal eminence Ectomesenchyme Axillary nipple Inguinal nipple Subcutaneous tissue Mesenchyme Somitic mesenchyme Dermatomal mesenchyme Somatopleuric mesenchyme Embryonic ectoderm of umbilical ring Mesenchyme from caudal eminence Ectomesenchyme TE2, Part 4 Neural crest mesenchyme 244 Caput VI: ADNEXA EMBRYONICA ET FETALIA 7585 Latin term Adnexa embryonica et fetalia Latin synonym Membranae extraembryonicae et fetales Chapter 6: DEVELOPMENTAL ADNEXA UK English American English Developmental adnexa Developmental adnexa English synonym Extra-embryonic and fetal membranes; Extraembryonic and fetal membranes 7586 7587 7588 7589 7590 7591 7592 Nomina generalia Nutritio Endotrophia Exotrophia Embryotrophia Haemotrophia Histiotrophia General terms Nutrition Endotrophe Exotrophe Embryotrophe Haemotrophe Histiotrophe General terms Nutrition Endotroph Exotroph Embryotroph Haemotroph Histiotroph 7593 7594 EMBRYONIC ADNEXA Embryonic adnexa before day 19 7595 7596 ADNEXA EMBRYONICA Adnexa embryonica ante diem xix Morula Cellula externa morulae Morula Outer cell of morula EMBRYONIC ADNEXA Embryonic adnexa before day 19 Morula Outer cell of morula 7597 Cellula interna morulae Inner cell of morula Inner cell of morula 7598 7599 Blastocystis unilaminaris Trophoblastus Unilaminar blastocyst Trophoblast Unilaminar blastocyst Trophoblast Trophectoderm 7600 7601 Cavitas blastocystica Embryoblastus Blastocystic cavity Embryoblast Blastocystic cavity Embryoblast Blastocyst cavity Inner cell mass; Late pluriblast 7602 7603 7604 7605 Blastocystis bilaminaris Trophoblastus Cavitas blastocystica Hypoblastus Bilaminar blastocyst Trophoblast Blastocystic cavity Hypoblast; Extra-embryonic endoblast Bilaminar blastocyst Trophoblast Blastocystic cavity Hypoblast; Extraembryonic endoblast 7606 7607 Epiblastus Cavitas amniotica primordialis Epiblast Primordial amniotic cavity Epiblast Primordial amniotic cavity 7608 7609 7610 7611 Blastocystis trilaminaris Syncytiotrophoblastus Lacuna trophoblastica Circulus lacunosus vascularis Trilaminar blastocyst Syncytiotrophoblast Trophoblastic lacunae Lacunar vascular circle Trilaminar blastocyst Syncytiotrophoblast Trophoblastic lacunae Lacunar vascular circle 7612 Cytotrophoblastus Cytotrophoblast Cytotrophoblast FIPAT.library.dal.ca Cellula trophoblastica presumptiva; Cellula polarisata; Polarblastus Cellula embryoblastica presumptiva; Pluriblastus initialis Massa cellularis externa; Trophoectoderma Massa cellularis interna; Pluriblastus serior Massa cellularis externa Endoblastus extraembryonicus; Membrana exocoelomica; Membrana extracoelomica; Endoderma primarium Ectoderma primarium TE2, Part 4 Other Endnote 414 Endnote 415 Presumptive trophoblastic cell; Polarized cell; Polarblast Presumptive embryoblastic cell; Early pluriblast Outer cell mass; Trophectoderm Blastocyst cavity Exocoelomic membrane; Exocelomic membrane; Primary endoderm Primary ectoderm 245 7613 7614 7615 7616 7617 7618 7619 7620 7621 7622 7623 7624 Aggregatio previllosa cytotrophoblasti Cavitas trophoepiblastica Amnioblastus Amnion primordiale Cavitas amniotica definitiva Discus embryonicus Epiblastus Area caudalis mesoblastogenica Mesoblastus extraembryonicus Textus angioblasticus mssoblasti Crista previllosa mesoblasti 7631 7632 Reticulum extraembryonicum; Magma reticulare Hypoblastus Pedunculus connectans primordialis Vesicula umbilicalis Vesicula umbilicalis primaria Cavitas vesiculae umbilicalis primariae Endoblastus extraembryonicus trophoblasto applicatus Operculum deciduale Saccus vitellinus 7633 7634 7635 7636 Saccus chorionicus immaturus Chorion frondosum Vesicula chorionica Cavitas chorionica 7637 Mesoblastus extraembryonicus caudaliter et dorsaliter amnioblasto et trophoblasto adjunctus Mesoblastus extraembryonicus amnioblasto toto adjunctus Amnion definitivum Cavitas amniotica Liquor amnioticus Discus embryonicus Pedunculus connectans Gemma alloenterica Diverticulum allantoicum Vasa primordialia pedunculi 7625 7626 7627 7628 7629 7630 7638 7639 7640 7641 7642 7643 7644 7645 7646 FIPAT.library.dal.ca Cellulae amniogenicae; Ectoderma amnioticum Ectoderma primarium Previllous clump of cytotrophoblast Tropho-epiblastic cavity Amnioblast Previllous clump of cytotrophoblast Trophoepiblastic cavity Amnioblast Primordial amnion Definitive amniotic cavity Embryonic disc Epiblast Caudal mesoblastogenic area Extra-embryonic mesoblast Angioblastic tissue of mesoblast Previllous crest of mesoblast Primordial amnion Definitive amniotic cavity Embryonic disc Epiblast Caudal mesoblastogenic area Extraembryonic mesoblast Angioblastic tissue of mesoblast Previllous crest of mesoblast Extra-embryonic reticulum Extraembryonic reticulum Amniogenic cells; Amniotic ectoderm Primary ectoderm Mesenchymal reticulum Endoderma primarium Hypoblast Primordial connecting stalk Hypoblast Primordial connecting stalk Primary endoderm Saccus vitellinus Saccus vitellinus primarius Cavitas sacci vitellini primarii Umbilical vesicle Primary umbilical vesicle Cavity of primary umbilical vesicle Umbilical vesicle Primary umbilical vesicle Cavity of primary umbilical vesicle Yolk sac Primary yolk sac Cavity of primary yolk sac Extra-embryonic endoblast applied to trophoblast Decidual operculum Vitelline sac Extraembryonic endoblast applied to trophoblast Decidual operculum Vitelline sac Early chorionic sac Chorion frondosum Chorionic sac Chorionic cavity Early chorionic sac Chorion frondosum Chorionic sac Chorionic cavity Extra-embryonic mesoblast applied to amnioblast and trophoblast caudodorsally Extra-embryonic mesoblast applied to whole amnioblast Definitive amnion Amniotic cavity Amniotic fluid Embryonic disc Connecting stalk Alloenteric bud Allantoic diverticulum Primordial vessels of connecting Extraembryonic mesoblast applied to amnioblast and trophoblast caudodorsally Extraembryonic mesoblast applied to whole amnioblast Definitive amnion Amniotic cavity Amniotic fluid Embryonic disc Connecting stalk Alloenteric bud Allantoic diverticulum Primordial vessels of connecting Vesicula chorionica immatura Coeloma extraembryonicum Ductus allantoicus TE2, Part 4 Endnote 416 Early chorionic vesicle Villous chorion Chorionic vesicle Extra-embryonic coelom; Extraembryonic celom Extraembryonic mesoblast applied to amnioblast and trophoblast caudodorsally Allantoic duct 246 7647 7648 7649 connectantis Pedunculus vesiculae umbilicalis Vesicula umbilicalis secundaria Cavitas vesiculae umbilicalis secundariae 7650 Endoderma extraembryonicum vesiculae umbilicalis 7651 Mesoblastus extraembryonicus endodermati extraembryonico adjunctus Insula sanguinea vesiculae umbilicalis Cellula staminalis germinalis Pedunculus vesiculae umbilicalis Vas omphalomesentericum Ductus omphaloentericus 7652 7653 7654 7655 7656 7658 7659 7660 7661 7662 7663 7664 7665 7666 7667 PARTES MEMBRANARUM EXTRAEMBRYONICARUM POST DIEM XIX Allantois Gemma alloenterica Canalisatio Pars proximalis Murus ventralis metenteri Pars distalis Diverticulum allantoicum Pedunculus allantoicus Mesenchyma allantoicum Vas allantoicum 7668 7669 7670 7671 Amnion Ectoderma extraembryonicum Mesenchyma amnioticum Mesothelium amnioticum 7672 7673 7674 7675 7676 Chorion Vesicula chorionica Trophoblastus Mesenchyma chorionicum Mesothelium chorionicum 7657 FIPAT.library.dal.ca stalk Umbilical stalk Secondary umbilical vesicle Cavity of secondary umbilical vesicle stalk Umbilical stalk Secondary umbilical vesicle Cavity of secondary umbilical vesicle Extra-embryonic endoderm of umbilical vesicle Extraembryonic endoderm of umbilical vesicle Extra-embryonic mesoblast applied to extra-embryonic endoderm Extraembryonic mesoblast applied to extraembryonic endoderm Insula sanguinea sacci vitellini Blood island of umbilical vesicle Blood island of umbilical vesicle Pedunculus sacci vitellini Vas vitellinum Ductus vitellointestinalis Primordial germ cell Umbilical stalk Omphalomesenteric vessel Omphalo-enteric duct Primordial germ cell Umbilical stalk Omphalomesenteric vessel Omphaloenteric duct COMPONENTS OF EXTRAEMBRYONIC MEMBRANES AFTER DAY 19 Allantois Alloenteric bud Canalisation Proximal part Ventral wall of hindgut Distal part Allantoic diverticulum Allantoic part of connecting stalk Allantoic mesenchyme Allantoic vessel COMPONENTS OF EXTRAEMBRYONIC MEMBRANES AFTER DAY 19 Allantois Alloenteric bud Canalisation Proximal part Ventral wall of hindgut Distal part Allantoic diverticulum Allantoic part of connecting stalk Allantoic mesenchyme Allantoic vessel Amnion Extra-embryonic ectoderm Amniotic mesenchyme Amniotic mesothelium Amnion Extraembryonic ectoderm Amniotic mesenchyme Amniotic mesothelium Chorion Chorionic vesicle Trophoblast Chorionic mesenchyme Chorionic mesothelium Chorion Chorionic vesicle Trophoblast Chorionic mesenchyme Chorionic mesothelium Pedunculus sacci vitellini Saccus vitellinus secundarius Cavitas sacci vitellini secundariiError! Bookmark not defined. Endoderma extraembryonicum sacci vitellini Ductus allantoicus Saccus chorionicus TE2, Part 4 Stalk of yolk sac Secondary yolk sac Cavity of secondary yolk sac Extra-embryonic endoderm of yolk sac; Extraembryonic endoderm of yolk sac Blood island of yolk sac Stalk of yolk sac Vitelline vessel Vitello-intestinal duct; Vitellointestinal duct; Yolk stalk Allantoic duct Chorionic sac Outer cell mass; Trophectoderm 247 7677 7678 7679 7680 7681 7682 7683 7684 7685 7686 7687 7688 7689 Chorion frondosum Villus primarius Trophoblastus villosus Syncytiotrophoblastus Villus secundarius Centrum cytotrophoblasticum villi secundarii Centrum mesenchymale villi secundarii Villus tertiarius Vasa primordialia villi tertiarii Villus mesenchymalis Villus ancorans Trophoblastus extravillosus Cytotrophoblastus interstitialis Cytotrophoblastus endovascularis Villus liber Villus ramosus Spatium intervillosum Spatium subchorionicum Sinus marginalis Testa trophoblastica Testa cytotrophoblastica Cellula trophoblastica mononucleata Cellula gigantea trophoblastica Cellula gigantea trophoblastica mononucleata Cellula gigantea trophoblastica multinucleata Cellula gigantea trophoblastica intravascularis Columna cellularum cytotrophoblasticarum Chorion laeve Endoderma extraembryonicum vesiculae umbilicalis 7706 7707 7708 Cellula germinalis precursoria Mesenchyma vesiculae umbilicalis Mesothelium vesiculae umbilicalis 7709 FUNICULUS UMBILICALIS INITIALIS 7690 7691 7692 7693 7694 7695 7696 7697 7698 7699 7700 7701 7702 7703 7704 7705 FIPAT.library.dal.ca Chorion frondosum Primary villus Villous trophoblast Syncytiotrophoblast Secondary villus Cytotrophoblastic core of secondary villus Mesenchymal core of secondary villus Tertiary villus Primordial vessels of tertiary villus Mesenchymal villus Anchoring villus Extravillous trophoblast Interstitial cytotrophoblast Endovascular cytotrophoblast Chorion frondosum Primary villus Villous trophoblast Syncytiotrophoblast Secondary villus Cytotrophoblastic core of secondary villus Mesenchymal core of secondary villus Tertiary villus Primordial vessels of tertiary villus Mesenchymal villus Anchoring villus Extravillous trophoblast Interstitial cytotrophoblast Endnote 417 EVT Endovascular cytotrophoblast Floating villus Branching villus Intervillous space Subchorial lake Marginal sinus Trophoblastic shell Cytotrophoblastic shell Mononuclear trophoblastic cell Floating villus Branching villus Intervillous space Subchorial lake Marginal sinus Trophoblastic shell Cytotrophoblastic shell Mononuclear trophoblastic cell Trophoblastic giant cell Mononuclear trophoblastic giant cell Multinuclear trophoblastic giant cell Intravascular trophoblastic giant cell Cytotrophoblastic cell column Trophoblastic giant cell Mononuclear trophoblastic giant cell Multinuclear trophoblastic giant cell Intravascular trophoblastic giant cell Cytotrophoblastic cell column Endoderma extraembryonicum sacci vitellini Chorion laeve Extra-embryonic endoderm of umbilical vesicle Chorion laeve Extraembryonic endoderm of umbilical vesicle Mesenchyma sacci vitellini Mesothelium sacci vitellini Primordial germ cell Umbilical vesicle mesenchyme Mesothelium of umbilical vesicle Primordial germ cell Umbilical vesicle mesenchyme Mesothelium of umbilical vesicle EARLY UMBILICAL CORD EARLY UMBILICAL CORD TE2, Part 4 Villous chorion Endnote 418 Endnote 419 Endnote 420 Smooth chorion Extra-embryonic endoderm of yolk sac; Extraembryonic endoderm of yolk sac Yolk sac mesenchyme Mesothelium of yolk sac 248 7710 7711 7712 7713 7714 7715 Amniochorion Textus mucoideus connectivus A. umbilicalis V. umbilicalis Ansa umbilicalis intestini Ductus omphaloentericus 7716 7717 7718 Vesicula umbilicalis Diverticulum allantoicum Coeloma umbilicale 7719 7720 7721 7722 7723 7724 7725 7726 7727 7728 7729 7730 7731 7732 7733 7734 7735 7736 7737 7738 7739 7740 7741 7742 7743 7744 7745 7746 7747 Amniochorion Mucoid connective tissue Umbilical artery Umbilical vein Midgut loop Omphalo-enteric duct Amniochorion Mucoid connective tissue Umbilical artery Umbilical vein Midgut loop Omphaloenteric duct Umbilical vesicle Allantoic diverticulum Umbilical coelom Umbilical vesicle Allantoic diverticulum Umbilical celom PARTES MATERNAE MEMBRANARUM Endometrium basale Reactio predecidualis Margo syncytiodecidualis Reactio decidualis Cellula decidualis Decidua Decidua basalis Crypta endometrii Septum placentae Insula cellularum placentae Glandula uterina Zona limitans decidualis Substantia fibrinoidea Decidua capsularis Operculum deciduale Decidua parietalis MATERNAL PARTS OF MEMBRANES Basal endometrium Predecidual reaction Syncytiodecidual interface Decidual reaction Decidual cell Decidua Basal decidua Endometrial crypt Placental septum Placental cell island Uterine gland Decidual boundary zone Fibrinoid substance Capsular decidua Decidual operculum Parietal decidua MATERNAL PARTS OF MEMBRANES Basal endometrium Predecidual reaction Syncytiodecidual interface Decidual reaction Decidual cell Decidua Basal decidua Endometrial crypt Placental septum Placental cell island Uterine gland Decidual boundary zone Fibrinoid substance Capsular decidua Decidual operculum Parietal decidua Adnexa fetalia Fetal membranes Fetal membranes FUNICULUS UMBILICALIS Amnion Textus mucoideus connectivus A. umbilicalis Anastomosis interarterialis transversa UMBILICAL CORD Amnion Mucoid connective tissue Umbilical artery Transverse interarterial anastomosis UMBILICAL CORD Amnion Mucoid connective tissue Umbilical artery Transverse interarterial anastomosis MEMBRANAE FETALES DEFINITIVAE Amnion Chorion Amniochorion Decidua Placenta FIPAT.library.dal.ca Ductus vitellointestinalis Saccus vitellinus Ductus allantoicus DEFINITIVE FETAL MEMBRANES Amnion Chorion Amniochorion Decidua Placenta §Wharton§ Umbilical intestinal loop Vitello-intestinal duct; Vitellointestinal duct; Yolk stalk duct Yolk sac Allantoic duct Endnote 421 Endnote 422 DEFINITIVE FETAL MEMBRANES Amnion Chorion Amniochorion Decidua Placenta TE2, Part 4 §Hyrtl§ 249 7748 7749 7750 7751 V. umbilicalis V. umbilicalis impar Ductus omphaloentericus Diverticulum allantoicum 7752 PARTES PLACENTAE MATURANTIS Lamina chorionica Truncus chorionicus Ramus chorionicus Ramulus chorionicus Mesothelium amnioticum Epithelium simplex cuboideum Vesicula umbilicalis Stratum textus connectivus compactus Vas umbilicale Cytotrophoblastus Lamina cytotrophoblastica Cellula trophoblastica Substantia fibrinoidea 7753 7754 7755 7756 7757 7758 7759 7760 7761 7762 7763 7764 7765 7766 7767 7768 7769 7770 7771 7772 7773 7774 7775 7776 7777 7778 7779 7780 7781 7782 7783 7784 7785 Paries internus syncytialis spatii intervillosi Cotyledo Cotyledo maternalis Cotyledo fetalis Villus peduncularis major Villus peduncularis Villus intermedius immaturus Villus mesenchymalis Gemma villosa Villus terminalis Elementa villi Centrum villi Textus connectivus compactus Fibroblastus Myofibroblastus Macrophagocytus Rete arteriocapillarovenosum Endothelium continuum Cortex villi Vestigium cytotrophoblasti 7786 7787 Nodus syncytialis Superficies villi FIPAT.library.dal.ca Ductus vitellointestinalis Ductus allantoicus Truncus chorii Saccus vitellinus Lobulus Truncus chorii Umbilical vein Unpaired umbilical vein Omphalo-enteric duct Allantoic diverticulum Umbilical vein Unpaired umbilical vein Omphaloenteric duct Allantoic diverticulum PARTS OF MATURING PLACENTA Chorionic plate Chorionic trunk Chorionic branch Chorionic twig Amniotic mesothelium Simple cuboidal epithelium Umbilical vesicle) Dense connective tissue layer PARTS OF MATURING PLACENTA Chorionic plate Chorionic trunk Chorionic branch Chorionic twig Amniotic mesothelium Simple cuboidal epithelium Umbilical vesicle Dense connective tissue layer Umbilical vessel Cytotrophoblast Cytotrophoblast layer Cytotrophoblastic cell Fibrinoid substance Umbilical vessel Cytotrophoblast Cytotrophoblast layer Cytotrophoblastic cell Fibrinoid substance Syncytial inner wall of intervillous space Cotyledon Maternal cotyledon Fetal cotyledon Main stem villus Stem villus Immature intermediate villus Mesenchymal villus Villous sprout Terminal villus Components of villi Core of villus Dense connective tissue Fibroblast Myofibroblast Macrophage Arteriocapillary venous network Endothelial continuum Outer part of villus Vestige of cytotrophoblast Syncytial inner wall of intervillous space Cotyledon Maternal cotyledon Fetal cotyledon Main stem villus Stem villus Immature intermediate villus Mesenchymal villus Villous sprout Terminal villus Components of villi Core of villus Dense connective tissue Fibroblast Myofibroblast Macrophage Arteriocapillary venous network Endothelial continuum Outer part of villus Vestige of cytotrophoblast Syncytial knot Surface of villus Syncytial knot Surface of villus TE2, Part 4 Vitellointestinal duct Yolk sac §Langhans§ §Langhans§ §Langhans§ §Langhans§ Endnote 423 Lobule Anchoring stem villus Endnote 424 Endnote 425 Endnote 426 Endnote 427 Endnote 428 Endnote 429 §Hofbauer§ §Langhans§ Endnote 430 250 7788 7789 7790 7791 Syncytiotrophoblastus Gemma syncytialis Microvillus Substantia fibrinoidea perivillosa 7792 7793 7794 7795 7796 7797 7798 7799 7800 7801 7802 7803 7804 7805 7806 Substantia fibrinoidea intravillosa Spatium intervillosum Membrana placentae Claustrum placentae Pars basalis placentae Pars basalis placentae propriae Paries externus syncytialis spatii intervillosi Syncytiotrophoblastus Cytotrophoblastus Stria fibrinoidea externa Vestigium testae trophoblasticae Trophoblastus extravillosus Textus connectivus laxus Zona limitans decidualis Stria fibrinoidea interna Intravillous fibrin Intervillous space Placental membrane Placental barrier Basal plate of placenta Basal plate of placenta proper Syncytial outer wall of intervillous space Syncytiotrophoblast Cytotrophoblast External fibrinoid layer Vestige of trophoblastic shell Extravillous trophoblast Loose connective tissue Decidual boundary zone Internal fibrinoid layer Intravillous fibrin Intervillous space Placental membrane Placental barrier Basal plate of placenta Basal plate of placenta proper Syncytial outer wall of intervillous space Syncytiotrophoblast Cytotrophoblast External fibrinoid layer Vestige of trophoblastic shell Extravillous trophoblast Loose connective tissue Decidual boundary zone Internal fibrinoid layer 7807 7808 7809 A. spiralis uteri Decidua basalis Septum placentae Spiral artery of uterus Basal decidua Placental septa Spiral artery of uterus Basal decidua Placental septa 7810 7811 7812 PARAPLACENTA Chorion laeve Decidua parietalis PARAPLACENTA Chorion laeve Parietal decidua PARAPLACENTA Chorion laeve Parietal decidua 7813 7814 7815 7816 7817 7818 7819 7820 7821 7822 7823 7824 PLACENTA Insignia placentae humanae Placenta haemochorialis Placenta deciduata Placenta discoidea Vascularisatio chorioallantoica Membrana haemochorialis Gradus formationis placentae Gradus villosus initialis Gradus labyrintheus Gradus villosus definitivus Insertio centralis funiculi umbilicalis PLACENTA Features of human placenta Haemochorial placenta Deciduate placenta Discoid placenta Chorio-allantoic vascularization Haemochorial membrane Stages of placental formation Initial villous stage Labyrinthine stage Definitive villous stage Central insertion of umbilical cord PLACENTA Features of human placenta Haemochorial placenta Deciduate placenta Discoid placenta Chorioallantoic vascularization Hemochorial membrane Stages of placental formation Initial villous stage Labyrinthine stage Definitive villous stage Central insertion of umbilical cord 7825 FORMAE PLACENTAE VARIETIES OF PLACENTAL FORM VARIETIES OF PLACENTAL FORM FIPAT.library.dal.ca Syncytiotrophoblast Syncytial sprout Microvillus Perivillous fibrin Septum cotyledonarium Syncytiotrophoblast Syncytial sprout Microvillus Perivillous fibrin TE2, Part 4 Endnote 431 §Rohr§ Endnote 432 §Rohr§ Endnote 433 §Rohr§ EVT §Nitabuch§ Cotyledonary septa Smooth chorion Endnote 434 Endnote 435 251 7826 7827 7828 Placenta accessoria Placenta anularis Placenta bilobata 7829 7830 7831 7832 7833 7834 Placenta discoidea Placenta lobata Placenta membranacea Placenta multilobata Placenta trilobata Placenta vallata 7835 Placenta bipartita Accessory placenta Anular placenta Bilobed placenta Accessory placenta Anular placenta Bilobed placenta Placenta multipartita Placenta tripartita; Placenta triplex Placenta circumvallata Discoid placenta Lobed placenta Diffuse placenta Multilobed placenta Three-lobed placenta Vallate placenta Discoid placenta Lobed placenta Diffuse placenta Multilobed placenta Three lobed placenta Vallate placenta 7836 7837 7838 Varietates insertionis funiculi umbilicalis Insertio centralis Insertio marginalis Insertio velamentosa Varieties of umbilical cord insertion Central insertion Marginal insertion Velamentous insertion Varieties of umbilical cord insertion Central insertion Marginal insertion Velamentous insertion 7839 7840 7841 7842 7843 7844 7845 7846 7847 7848 7849 Varietates situs placentae Situs dorsalis placentae Situs lateralis placentae Situs ventralis placentae Situs fundalis placentae Situs cornualis placentae Placenta previa Placenta previa centralis Placenta previa lateralis Placenta previa marginalis Situs cervicalis placentae Varieties of placental site Dorsal placental site Lateral placental site Ventral placental site Fundal placental site Cornual placental site Placenta previa Central placenta previa Lateral placenta previa Marginal placenta previa Cervical placental site Varieties of placental site Dorsal placental site Lateral placental site Ventral placental site Fundal placental site Cornual placental site Placenta previa Central placenta previa Lateral placenta previa Marginal placenta previa Cervical placental site 7850 Varietates vascularisationis placentae Vascularisatio dispersa placentae Vascularisatio magistralis placentae Varieties of placental vascularization Disperse placental vascularization Magistral placental vascularization Varieties of placental vascularization Disperse placental vascularization Magistral placental vascularization 7855 7856 7857 7858 7859 ANOMALIAE MEMBRANARUM FETALIUM Anomaliae amnii et liquoris amniotici Amnion commune Adhaesio amnii Hydramnion Oligohydramnion Taenia amniotica ANOMALIES OF FETAL MEMBRANES Amniotic and amniotic fluid anomalies Common amnion Amniotic adhesion Hydramnios Oligohydramnios Amniotic band ANOMALIES OF FETAL MEMBRANES Amniotic and amniotic fluid anomalies Common amnion Amniotic adhesion Hydramnios Oligohydramnios Amniotic band 7860 Anomaliae chorii Chorionic anomalies Chorionic anomalies 7851 7852 7853 7854 FIPAT.library.dal.ca Placenta succenturiata Polyhydramnion TE2, Part 4 Succenturiate placenta Bidiscoid placenta; Bipartite placenta; Placenta duplex Placenta furcata Membranous placenta Placenta multiplex Circumvallate placenta Battledore placenta Endnote 436 Endnote 437 Polyhydramnios Oligamnios 252 7861 7862 7863 7864 Chorion commune Deformitas placentae Defectus placentae Defectus paraplacentalis chorii Common chorion Placental deformity Placental defect Chorionic paraplacental defect Common chorion Placental deformity Placental defect Chorionic paraplacental defect 7865 7866 7867 7868 7869 7870 7871 7872 Anomaliae funiculi umbilicalis A. umbilicalis singularis Funiculus umbilicalis glomeratus Strangulatio Amputatio Nodus spurius funiculi umbilicalis Nodus verus funiculi umbilicalis Vesicula allantoica Umbilical cord anomalies Single umbilical artery Looped umbilical cord Strangulation Amputation False knot of umbilical cord True knot of umbilical cord Allantoic cyst Umbilical cord anomalies Single umbilical artery Looped umbilical cord Strangulation Amputation False knot of umbilical cord True knot of umbilical cord Allantoic cyst 7873 7874 7875 7876 7877 7878 7879 7880 7881 Anomaliae placentae Placenta accreta Placenta adhaerens Placenta extrachorialis Placenta fenestrata Placenta incarcerata Placenta increta Placenta panduriformis Placenta percreta Placental anomalies Placenta accreta Adherent placenta Extrachorial placenta Fenestrated placenta Incarcerated placenta Placenta increta Panduriform placenta Placenta percreta Placental anomalies Placenta accreta Adherent placenta Extrachorial placenta Fenestrated placenta Incarcerated placenta Placenta increta Panduriform placenta Placenta percreta FIPAT.library.dal.ca TE2, Part 4 253 ENDNOTES 321 Leptomeninx; Arachnoidea mater craniospinalis; Arachnoidea mater cranialis The term ‘mater' has been deleted in English. 322 Migratio cateniformis Chain migration occurs in the Olfactory bulb (see Lois C, Garcia-Verdugo JM, Alvarez-Buylla A 1996 Chain Migration of Neuronal Precursors. Science 271, 978-981). 323 Neuroepithelium columnare The cells of the early neural tube that give rise to glial and ependymal cells were formerly known as spongioblasts. 324 Neuroblastus; Neuron immaturum apolare; Neuron immaturum unipolare; Neuron immaturum bipolare; Neuron immaturum multipolare The term neuroblast is commonly used for an immature neuron of the intermediate zone. However, because they are postmitotic and are capable of differentiation but not of further division, the term immature neuron is recommended for this and for similar stages elsewhere. 325 Microglia Microglial cells do not appear in the CNS until after it is invaded by blood vessels and mononuclear cells, and are not derived from the ventricular zone. 326 Neuroporus rostralis 327 Situs neuroporicus The term neuroporus anterior – anterior neuropore is frequently used but is not recommended for the human embryo. The importance of the location of the closure of the rostral neuropore is that it is said to be the site of origin of the lamina terminalis. 328 Lamina alaris The term Lamina dorsolateralis is confusing and has been deleted. Lamina alaris is correct. In English: only plate. 329 Lamina basalis; Lamina ventrolateralis The term Lamina ventrolateralis is also confusing and has been deleted. 330 Differentiatio epithelii tubi neuralis; Differentiatio neurectodermatis The development of the CNS is spatially and temporally three-dimensional; at the same time, there are features of the developing layers of the CNS that are generally associated with a particular region, be it spinal cord, brainstem, cerebellar cortex or cerebral cortex. The development of the zones and the phases and regions in which they appear are accommodated in this and succeeding sections. 331 Chiari II Chiari (Chiari H Ueber Veränderungen des Kleinhirns infolge von Hydrocephalie des Grosshirns. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 1891;17:1172-1175) defined three types of cerebellar deformity associated with hydrocephalus, and acknowledged Cleland (Cleland J Contributions to the study of spina bifida, encephalocele and anencephalus. J Anat Physiol 1883;17:257-292) for describing the Chiari II type. In a subsequent, extensively illustrated paper he added a fourth type (Chiari H Ueber Veränderungen des Kleinhirns, des Pons und der Medulla oblongata in Folge von congenitaler Hydrocephalie des Grosshirns. Denkschr Kais Akad Wiss Math-naturwiss Classe 1896;63:71-116). Arnold (Arnold J Myelocyste, Transposition von Gewebskeimen und Sympodie. Ziegl Beitr Pathol Anat 1894;16:1-28) added one case. His collaborators Schwalbe and Gredig (Schwalbe E, Gredig M Ueber Entwicklungsstörungen des Kleinhirns, Hirnstamms und Halsmarkes bei Spina bifida (Arnold'sche und Chiari'sche Miβbildung). Beitr Pathol Anat Allg Pathol 1907;40:132-194) reported some additional cases, and suggested the term Arnold-Chiari malformation. 332 Encephalon Given the current state of knowledge, a system entailing neuromeres is a good working descriptor for use in organising the terminology of the developing CNS. Here, the prosomeric model developed by Puelles and Rubinstein is used (see Puelles L Plan of the developing vertebrate nervous system. Relating embryology in the adult nervous system (prosomere model, overview of brain organization. In: Rakic P and Rubinstein JLR, eds., Comprehensive Developmental Neuroscience, Vol 1. New York, Elsevier pp 187-209; 2013). The model as presented is a reasonable framework to encompass the current state of knowledge of this fluid topic. The model is ‘merely an epistemic instrument … which deals straightforwardly with the available data’ (Puelles, ibid.), and which could in due course be modified or be replaced. 333 Rhombomerus I-XI Usually, 8 rhombomeres are distinguished (see O'Rahilly R, Müller F The Embryonic Human Brain. An atlas of developmental stages, 3rd ed., New York; Wiley-Liss; 2006). More recently, however, 11 rhombomeres are distinguished (Rh1-Rh11), several not morphologically distinguishable as true rhombomeres ('cryptorhombomeres'; see Alonso M, Merchán P, Sandoval E, Sánchez-Arrones L, García-Cazorla A, Artuch R, Ferrán Jl, Martínez-de-la-Torre M, Puelles L 2013; Tomas-Roca L, Corral-San-Miguel R, Aroca P, Puelles L, Marín F Crypto-rhombomeres of the mouse medulla oblongata, defined by molecular and morphological features. Brain Struct Funct 2015;218:1239-1277). This approach, as already implemented for the mouse hindbrain (Watson C Hindbrain. In: Watson C, Paxinos G, Puelles, eds, The Mouse Nervous System. Amsterdam, Elsevier, pp 398-423;2012), will be followed in this Section (see also Endnote 332). It should be emphasized, however, that temporarily only Rh1-6 are macroscopically visible. FIPAT.library.dal.ca TE2, Part 4 254 The main difference between the old and new subdivision is the further subdivision of Rh8 into Rh8-11, based on the distribution of paralogue Hox4-8 gene markers. The Isthmic neuromere is also known as Rhombomere 0 (Rh0). 334 Mesomerus I, II Contrary to previous studies, Mesomere 2 forms only a small, pre-isthmic part of the mesencephalon (see Martínez S, Puelles E, Puelles L, Echevarria D Molecular regionalization of the developing neural tube. In: Watson C, Paxinos G, Puelles L, eds, The Mouse Nervous System. Elsevier, Amsterdam, 2012 pp 2-18; Puelles 2013, see Endnote 332 for full reference). 335 Prosomerus I-III Prosomeres 1-3 are the Caudal prosomeres, and give rise to the Diencephalon (= Pretectum, Epithalamus, Thalamus, Prethalamus, and Diencephalic tegmentum). 336 Prosomerus hypothalami et telencephali I-II The caudal and rostral secondary prosencephalon derive from the two hypothalamic and telencephalic prosomeres, and give rise to the Hypothalamus and the Telencephalon. 337 Rhombomerus VIII-XI Molecular markers are quite specific for definitive rhombomeres at very early stages. Molecularly-defined rhombomeres can be seen earlier than the 6 macroscopic bulges which led initially to their discovery. This is due to the fact that when a rhombomere is specified differentially, it also acquires differential regulation of its proliferating progenitors, leading secondarily to the interrhombomeric boundaries as sites of less proliferation. The concept of the prorhombomeres A-D, going back to Vaage S (The segmentation of the primitive neural tube in chick embryos. Ergeb Anat Entwicklungsgesch 1969;41:387), and advocated by O'Rahilly and Müller (The Embryonic Brain. An atlas of developmental stages, 3rd ed. Wiley-Liss, New York; 2006), is not consistent with these data, irrespective of the presence of transient larger swellings of the hindbrain wall that have received these names. Molecular data clearly identify 11 rhombomeres (Alonso et al. 2013; Tomas-Roca et al. 2015; Allen Developing Mouse Brain Atlas; for full references see Endnote 333). 338 Labium rhomboideum laminae alaris The Rhombic lip (the 'Rautenleiste' of His: His W Die Entwickelung des menschlichen Rautenhirns vom Ende des ersten bis zum Beginn des dritten Monats. I. Verlängertes Mark. Abh Kön Sächs Ges Wiss Math Phys Kl 1890;29:1-74) is the dorsolateral part of the alar plate, and it forms a proliferative zone along the length of the hindbrain. Cells from its rostral part, the Upper rhombic lip, form the External germinal or granular layer at the end of the embryonic period. The Lower rhombic lip gives rise to the Pontine nuclei, the Cochlear nuclei and the Inferior olivary complex (BlochGallego E, Causeret F, Ezan F, Backer S, Hidalgo-Sánchez M Development of precerebellar nuclei: Inductive factors and intracellular mediators in neuronal migration, survival and axonal pathfinding. Brain Res Rev 2005;49:253-266). 339 Tegmentum pontis Although the term Pontine tegmentum is traditionally used, from an embryological point of view, a further subdivision into Prepontine (Rh0-2), Pontine (Rh3, 4) and Retropontine (Rh5, 6) parts of the tegmentum is advocated. This approach is also applied in the revised Terminologia Anatomica. Some examples are given. For a full ontological subdivision of the mouse brain, see Allen: Developing Mouse Brain Atlas (www.deve;opingmouse.brain-map.org). 340 Tuberculum cerebelli Hochstetter F (1929) Beiträge zur Entwicklungsgeschichte des menschlichen Gehirns, II. Teil, 3. Lieferung: Die Entwicklung des Mittel- und Rautenhirns. Deuticke, Vienna. 341 Subdivisiones cerebelli Edinger's archaic terms Archicerebellum, Paleocerebellum and Neocerebellum have been deleted. 342 Neuron golgiense magnum immaturum The use of 'stellatum' for the Golgi cells is unfortunate, given the presence of other Stellate cells in the Molecular layer. Following the CNS Section of Terminologia Neuroanatomica, the official term is Neuron golgiense magnum immaturum, and the English official term: Immature large Golgi cell. 343 Neuron golgiense parvum immaturum Ibid., for Small stellate cell. 344 Phases histogeneticae The One- to Four-zone phases occur during the embryonic period, the Five- and Six-zone phases in the fetal period, and the Definitive phase in the newborn. The Stratum germinale externum persists until the end of the first year (O'Rahilly R, Müller FHuman Embryology & Teratology, 3rd ed. New York, Wiley-Liss, 2001; ten Donkelaar HJ, Lammens M, Wesseling P, Thijssen HOM, Renier WO 2003 J Neurol 250:1025-1036; ten Donkelaar HJ, Lammens M, Hori A Clinical Neuroembryology. Development and developmental disorders of the human central nervous system, 2nd ed. Heidelberg, New York, Dordrecht, London, Springer; 2014). FIPAT.library.dal.ca TE2, Part 4 255 345 Conditor liminis inter mesencephalon et rhombencephalon The Midbrain-hindbrain boundary organizer or Isthmic organizer was identified through transplantation experiments in chick embryos (Martínez S, Wassef M, Alvarado-Mallart RM Induction of a mesencephalic phenotype in the 2-day-old-chick prosencephalon is preceded by the early expression of the homeobox gene En. Neuron 1991;6:971-981; Marín F, Puelles L Patterning of of the embyonic avian midbrain after experimental inversions: A polarizing activity from the isthmus. Dev Biol 1994;163:19-37; Rhinn M, Brand M The midbrain-hindbrain boundary organizer. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2001;11:34-42). The MHB is required for the differentiation and patterning of the midbrain and hindbrain (Kiecker C, Lumsden A The role of organizers in patterning the nervous system. Annu Rev Neurosci 2012;35:347-367). 346 Pedunculus cerebri; Crus cerebri Traditionally, the Mesencephalon was subdivided into the Tectum (the Colliculi) and the Pedunculus (the Crus cerebri, the Substantia nigra/VTA-complex and the Tegmentum mesencephali). Here, it is advocated to use the term Pedunculus only for what it actually is: a large bundle of fibres from the Telencephalon to the Brain stem and Spinal cord. It has been changed accordingly in the Section CNS of the TNA. 347 Anomaliae trunci encephali For a recent developmental and genetic classification for brain stem malformations, see Barkovich AJ, Millen KJ, Dobyns WB. A developmental and genetic classification for midbrain-hindbrain malformations. Brain 2009;132:3199-3230. 348 Disinnervationes congenitales nervorum cranalium A group of congenital neuromuscular diseases, characterized by abnormal eye, eyelid and/or facial movement, are currently termed Congenital cranial dysinnervation disorders (Gutowski NJ, Bosley TM, Engle E Workshop Report (110th ENMC International Workshop: The congenital cranial dysinnervation disorders (CCDDs). Neuromusc Disord 2003;13:573578). One of these is Möbius syndrome (Paralysis congenita abducentofacialis). One of the most interesting syndromes is the HOXA1 syndrome (Bosley TM, Alorainy IA, Salih MA, Aldhalaan HM, Abu-Amero KK, Oystreck DT, et al. The clinical spectrum of homozygous HOXA1 mutations. Am J Med Genet A 146A: 2008;1235-1240). 349 Malformatio vermis Agenesis or hypoplasia of the vermis may be found in a large number of malformations of the brain (see Barkovich AJ, Millen KJ, Dobyns WB A developmental and genetic classification for midbrain-hindbrain malformations. Brain 2009;132:3199-3230; ten Donkelaar HJ, Lammens M, Hori A Clinical Neuroembryology. Development and developmental disorders of the human central nervous system, 2nd ed. Heidelberg, New York, Dordrecht, London; Springer, 2014) such as the Dandy-Walker, Joubert and Meckel-Gruber syndromes. 350 Divisiones prosencephali The embryonic Prosencephalon is currently subdivided into a Caudal prosencephalon, giving rise to the Caudal diencephalon (P1-P3, or Synencephalon, Caudal parencephalon and Rostral parencephalon, respectively) and the Rostral or Secondary prosencephalon, giving rise to the Hypothalamus (the Rostral diencephalon), the Eye vesicles, the Neurohypophysis and the entire Telencephalon. The current TE, based on O'Rahilly and Müller's subdivision (O'Rahilly R, Müller F The Embryonic Human Brain. An atlas of developmental stages, 3rd ed. New York, Wiley-Liss; 2006) into the prosomeres D2 (roughly P1-P3), D1 and T is rather arbitrarily. They defined the rostral border of their D1 as the rostral border of the Chiasmatic plate, so as to include the Eye vesicle in D1, and their T (Telencephalon medium) as the part rostral to D1. The description used here is based on the prosomeric model developed by Puelles and Rubinstein (see Puelles L, Harrison M, Paxinos G, Watson C A developmental ontology for the mammalian brain based on the prosomeric model. Trends Neurosci 2013;36:570-578; see also Endnote 329). 351 Divisiones diencephali Here, the old terms based on Herrick's columnar doctrine (Herrick CJ The morphology of the forebrain in Amphibia and Reptilia. J Comp Neurol 1910;20:413-547; generalized by Kuhlenbeck H Vorlesungen über das Zentralnervensystem der Wirbeltiere. Jena, Fischer; 1927) have been replaced by the modern subdivision of the Diencephalon into transverse zones (transverse to the longitudinal axis of the brain). The Alar parts of the prosomeres P1-P3 form the (Caudal) Diencephalon (Pretectum, Epithalamus, Thalamus and Prethalamus). The term Thalamus replaces Dorsal thalamus and includes the Metathalamus, whereas the term Prethalamus replaces the Ventral thalamus. The Basal parts of these prosomeres form the Tegmentum diencephali or Tegmentum prerubrale. The Hypothalamus arises from the Hypothalamic prosomeres, but may be viewed as 'Rostral Diencephalon'. 352 Zona limitans intrathalamica; Limes medius diencephali The Zona limitans intrathalamica is a transversal ventricular ridge in the diencephalic neural tube, corresponding to a surface transverse constriction between P2 and P3, originally described as Zona limitans intraparencephalica by Rendahl (Rendahl H Embryologische und morphologische Studien über das Zwischenhirn beim Huhn. Acta Zool (Stockh) 1924;5:214-344). Its role is crucial for the development of the entire thalamus (Kiecker C, Lumsden A The role of organizers in patterning the nervous system. Annu Rev Neurosci 2012;35:347-367; Puelles L, Martínez-de-la-Torre M, Bardet S, Rubinstein JLR Hypothalamus. In: Watson C, Paxinos G, Puelles L, eds, The Mouse Nervous System. Amsterdam, Elsevier; 2012, pp 221-312). FIPAT.library.dal.ca TE2, Part 4 256 353 Derivativa zonarum longitudinalium diencephali The derivatives of the four fundamental Diencephalic longitudinal zones are continuous with those of the Midbrain as observed with molecular markers. The Floor plate reaches only as far as the Mammillary body. In the Forebrain, the alar-basal boundary is not marked by sulci such as the Sulcus limitans of His in the Brain stem (Martínez S, Puelles E, Puelles L, Echevarria D Molecular regionalization of the developing neural tube. In: Watson C, Paxinos G, Puelles L, eds, The Mouse Nervous System. Amsterdam, Elsevier, 2012, pp 2-18). 354 Nucleus commissurae posterioris In Terminologia Anatomica, The Nucleus commissurae posterioris included Dorsal, Interstitial and Ventral subdivisions. The first two are alar plate derivatives. The so-called Ventral subdivision (the Nucleus of Darkschewitsch) is a basal plate derivative, and is renamed as Nucleus ellipticus following data on Cetacea and Proboscidea (see Büttner-Ennever JA, Horn AKE, eds Olszewski and Baxrer's Cytoarchitecture of the Human Brainstem, 3rd revised and extended edition. Basel, Karger; 2014). 355 Nuclei anteriores thalami For each of the groups of the thalamic nuclei, one or more examples are given; for a complete list see the Section CNS of Terminologia Neuroanatomica. 356 Pars diencephalica substantiae nigrae The Substantia nigra appears to arise from the prosomeres 1-3, the mesomeres 1 and 2, and the isthmic rhombomere (Puelles L, Verney C Early neuromeric distribution of tyrosine-hydroxylase-immunoreactive neurons in human embryos. J Comp Neurol 1998;194:283-308; Verney C, Zecevic N, Puelles L Structure of longitudinal brain zones that provide the origin for the substantia nigra and ventral tegmental area in human embryos, as revealed by cytoarchitecture and tyrosine hydroxylase, calretinin, calbindin, and GABA immunoreactions. J Comp Neurol 2001;429:22-44). The Ventral tegmental area arises from the same neuromeres. 357 Crista neuralis anterior The Anterior neural ridge plays an important role in anteroposterior patterning of the forebrain (Shimamura K, Rubinstein JLR Inductive interactions direct early regionalization of the mouse forebrain. Development 1997;124:2709-2718; Rubinstein JLR, Shimamura K, Martínez S, Puelles L. Regionalization of the prosencephalic neural plate. Annu Rev Neurosci 1998;21:445-477). 358 Cavitas prosencephalica In the prosomeric model, the Cavitas prosencephalica becomes divided into a Cavitas diencephalica and a Cavitas hypothalamica. 359 Pars diencephalica ventriculi tertii The Ventriculus tertius consists of a Pars diencephalica and a Pars hypothalamica. The latter communicates through the Foramen interventriculare with the Ventriculus lateralis, and has a preoptic extension, the Recessus preopticus. 360 Crista marginalis; Crista limitans The Marginal ridge marks the position of the Zona limitans intrathalamica of Rendahl, not visible from the inside; below this ridge a Sulcus medius may be recognized. As synonym Crista limitans; Limiting intrathalamic ridge (L Puelles, personal communication) has been added. 361 Sulcus hypothalamicus The Sulcus hypothalamicus marks the rostral boundary of the (Caudal) Diencephalon towards the Hypothalamus (the 'Rostral' Diencephalon). Hochstetter (Hochstetter F Beiträge zur Entwicklungsgeschichte des menschlichen Gehirns. I. Teil. Vienna, Deuticke; 1919) named it the Sulcus of Monro (S.M.), later often confused with the Sulcus medius. 362 Velum transversum The Velum transversum does not limit the Diencephalon from the Telencephalon, but it appears at the apex of the Zona limitans intrathalamica and, therefore, limits the roof of the Prethalamus from that of the Thalamus (see Puelles L, Harrison M, Paxinos G, Warson C A developmental ontology for the mammalian brain based on the prosomeric model. Trends Neurosci 2013;36:570-578). 363 Lamina affixa The caudal part of the Eminentia prethalamica forms a protrusion at the posterior side of the Interventricular foramen, whereas its rostral part is drawn into the developing hemisphere. For a long time, these relations were explained by postulating that during ontogenesis a thin, membranous part of the telencephalic wall adheres to the dorsal surface of the thalamus, i.e. the Lamina affixa. Actually, this structure does not exist (Nieuwenhuys R, Voogd J, van Huijzen C The Human Central Nervous System, 4th ed. Berlin-Heidelberg-New York, Springer, 2008; Puelles L, Martínez S, Martínez de la Torre M Neuroanatomía. Buenos Aires, Madrid, Médica Panamericana; 2008). The territory in question, as already pointed out by Hochstetter (1919), represents the dorsal part of the Prethalamic territory, intercalated between the Thalamus proper and the Cerebral hemisphere. 364 Lamina terminalis The Embryonic lamina terminalis or Lamina reuniens ('Schlussplatte' of His: His W Die Formentwickelung des menschlichen Vorderhirns vom Ende des ersten bis zum Beginn des drittem Monats. Abh Kön Sächs Ges Wiss Math Phys Kl 1889;15:675-735) closes the Neural tube between the Chiasmatic ridge and the Septal roof. Following His, Rakic and Yakovlev (Rakic P, Yakovlev PI Development of the corpus callosum and cavum septi in man. J Comp Neurol 1968;132:45-72) suggested that the Lamina reuniens divides into a dorsal part (the Massa commissuralis or 'Trapezplatte' of His) and a ventral part (the Lamina terminalis sensu stricto or 'Endplatte' of His; see ten Donkelaar HJ, Lammens M, Hori A Clinical Neuroembryology: Development and developmental disorders of the human central nervous system, FIPAT.library.dal.ca TE2, Part 4 257 2nd ed. Heidelberg, New York, Dordrecht, London ;Springer 2014, Chapter 10). According to the prosomeric model, The Lamina terminalis arises from the Alar plate, and the Massa commissuralis (septi) from the Roof plate. 365 Cavum septi pellucidi rostrale A Cavum septi pellucidi between two Medial medullary vela (term suggested by Raybaud C The corpus callosum, the other great forebrain commissures, and the septum pellucidum: Anatomy, development, and malformations. Neuroradiology 2010;52:447-477) is present in every normal fetus up to 6 months of gestation, but it gradually narrows from the splenium towards the genu so that the posterior part is usually obliterated by the time of birth and the rostral part by about 3 months after birth (Shaw CM, Alvord EC Jr Cava septi pellucidi et Vergae: Their normal and pathological states. Brain 1969;92:213-224; ten Donkelaar HJ, Lammens M, Hori A Clinical Neuroembryology, 2nd ed. Heidelberg, New York, Dordrecht, London, Springer; 2014). A Cavum septi pellucidi remains in about 20% of children; if the rostral part persists the cavity is known as Cavum septi pellucidi; if the caudal part remains open, the cavity is called Cavum Vergae. 366 Torus hemisphericus Temporarily, the Torus hemisphericus marks the border between the third and lateral ventricles. Externally, this is marked by the Sulcus diencephalicotelencephalicus (see O'Rahilly R, Müller F The Embryonic Human Brain. An atlas of developmental stages, 3rd ed. New York, Wiley-Liss; 2006). 367 Eminentia ventricularis lateralis; Eminentia ganglionaris lateralis The term Eminentia ganglionaris lateralis is added as a Latin synonym for the commonly used English term Lateral ganglionic eminence. The latter gives rise to the Nucleus caudatus, the Putamen and the Nucleus accumbens. 368 Eminentia ventricularis medialis; Eminentia ganglionaris medialis At the level of the Interventricular foramen, the medial surface of the Medial ventricular eminence forms part of the Third ventricle. On that account, Kahle (Kahle W Zur Entwicklung des menschlichen Zwischenhirns. D Z Nervenheilk 1956;175:259-318), Richter (Richter E Die Entwicklung des Globus pallidus und des Corpus subthalamicum. Berlin, Heidelberg, New York; Springer; 1965), and, more recently, O'Rahilly and Müller (The Embryonic Human Brain, 3rd ed. New York, Wiley-Liss; 2006), considered the Globus pallidus to be of diencephalic origin. The term Eminentia ganglionaris medialis is added as a Latin synonym for the commonly used English term Medial ganglionic eminence. The latter gives rise to both parts of the Globus pallidus. 369 Eminentia ventricularis caudalis Eminentia ganglionaris caudalis The Eminentia ventricularis caudalis gives rise to most of the Amygdaloid complex. 370 Corpus gangliothalamicum Between the 16th and 34th week of gestation, cells pass from the Medial ganglionic eminence into the lateral and posterior parts of the Thalamus. Most of these neurons migrate along a transient fetal structure, the Gangliothalamic body (Rakic P, Sidman RL Telencephalic origin of pulvinar neurons in the fetal human brain. Z Anat Entwicklungsgeschichte 1969;129:53-82; Letinić K, Kostović I Transient fetal structure, the gangliothalamic body, connects telencephalic germinal zone with all thalamic regions in the developing human brain. J Comp Neurol 1997;384:373-395). 371 Pallium The archaic terms Neopallium, Paleopallium and Archipallium have been deleted. 372 Pallium laterale Recent studies suggest that the Lateral pallium gives rise to the Claustro-insular complex (see Puelles L Development and evolution of the claustrum. In: Smythies JR, Edelstein LR, Ramachandran VS, eds, The Claustrum: Structural, functional and clinical neuroscience. San Diego, Academic Press, 2014, pp 119-176). 373 Sulci secundarii Secondary and Tertiary sulci are important in MRI studies and diagnosis of the fetal brain (see Garel C MRI of the Fetal Brain. Berlin, Heidelberg, New York; Springer, 2004). 374 Pedunculus hemisphericus 'Hemisphärenstiel' of Hochstetter (Hochstetter F Beiträge zur Entwicklungsgeschichte des menschlichen Gehirns. I. Teil. Deuticke, Vienn; 1919). 375 Fasciculus prosencephalicus lateralis 'Stammbündel' of His (His W Die Entwickelung des menschlichen Gehirns während der ersten Monate. Hirzel, Leipzig; 1904). 376 Fasciculus longitudinalis superior For DTI studies of long association fibres in the human fetal brain, see Huang H, Xue R, Zhang J, Ren T, Richards LJ, Yarowski P, et al. Anatomical characterization of human fetal brain development with diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging (J Neurosci 2009;29:4263-4273), and Vasung L, Huang H, Jovanov-Milošević N, Pletikos M, Mori S, Kostović I. Development of axonal pathways in the human fetal fronto=limbic brain. Histochemical characterization and diffusion tensor imaging. (J Anat 2010;217:400-407). For a complete list of Long association fibres, see Section CNS of Terminologia Neuroanatomica. FIPAT.library.dal.ca TE2, Part 4 258 377 Limbus corticalis The Cortical hem is an important source of Cajal-Retzius cells at the interface between the primordial hippocampus and the choroid plexus (see Meyer G Genetic control of neuronal migrations in human cortical development. Adv Anat Embryol Cell Biol 2007;189:1-114; Meyer G Building a human cortex: The evolutionary differentiation of Cajal-Retzius cells and the cortical hem. J Anat 2010;217:334-343). 378 Dominationes histogeneticae et derivativae The old, comparative neuroanatomical terms Neostriatum (= Caudate nucleus, Putamen and Nucleus accumbens), Paleostriatum (= Globus pallidus) and Archistriatum (= Amygdala) have been deleted. 379 Amygdala The Amygdala has pallial (from the Ventral pallium) and subpallial (from all four Subpallial domains) origins (see Puelles L, Harrison M, Paxinos G, Watson C A developmental ontology for the mammalian brain based on the prosomeric model. Trends Neurosci 2013;36:570-578). 380 Stratum granulare subpiale The transient Subpial granular layer of Ranke develops from the Basal periolfactory subventricular zone (Brun A The subpial granular layer of the frontal cerebral cortex in man. Its ontogeny and significance in congenital cortical malformations. Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand 1965;179 (Suppl):1-98; Meyer G Building a human cortex: The evolutionary differentiation of Cajal-Retzius cells and the cortical hem. J Anat 2010;217:334-343). 381 Glioblastus radialis Recently, a much more prominent role for the Radial glial cells as Neural stem cells has been shown (see Kriegstein AR, Alvarez-Buylla A The glial nature of embryonic and adult neural stem cells. Annu Rev Neurosci 2009;35:347-367). 382 Glioblastus radialis externus These cells from the Outer subventricular zone are Intermediate progenitor cells (see Kriegstein AR, Alvarez-Buylla A The glial nature of embryonic and adult neural stem cells. Annu Rev Neurosci 2009;35:347-367; Hansen DV, Lui J, Parker PR, Kriegstein AR Neurogenic radial glia in the outer subventricular zone of human neocortex. Nature 2010;464:554-561). During development and in the adult brain, many neurons and glial cells are not the direct progeny of ventricular neural stem cells but instead originate from Intermediate progenitor cells (IPCs). IPCs can generate neurons (nIPCs) or generate glial cells, including oligodendrocytes (oIPCs) and astrocytes (aIPCs). 383 Phases histogeneticae The revised Boulder Committee Terminology (Bystron I, Blakemore C, Rakic P Development of the human cerebral cortex: Boulder Committee revisited. Nat Rev Neurosci 2008;9:110122) is used. 384 Anomaliae corticis cerebri The subdivision of anomalies of the cerebral cortex is based on Barkovich et al. (Barkovich AJ, Guerrini R, Kuzniecky RI, Jackson GS, Dobyns WB A developmental and genetic classification for malformations of cortical development: Update 2012. Brain 2012;135:1348-1369). Only the major malformations are mentioned. For an overview and examples, see ten Donkelaar HJ, Lammens M, Hori A Clinical Neuroembryology: Development and developmental disorders, 2nd ed. Heidelberg, New Yotk, Dordrecht,London; Springer 2014. 385 Fasciculus longitudinalis callosalis The Fasciculus longitudinalis callosalis is an abnormal longitudinal bundle which failed to cross in the absence of the corpus callosum ('Balkenlängsbündel' of Probst). The term Longitudinal callosal fascicle was suggested by Lee S-K, Mori S, Kim DJ, Kim SY, Kim DI. Diffusion tensor MR images visualizes the altered hemispheric fiber connection in callosal dysgenesis. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2004;25:25-28. 386 Anomaliae decussationis The various modes of decussation of the Pyramidal tract were summarized by Yakovlev and Rakic (Yakovlev PI, Rakic P Patterns of decussation of bulbar two sides of the pyramids and distribution of pyramidal tracts on two sides of the spinal cord. Trans Am Neurol Assoc 1966;91:366-367). For examples, see ten Donkelaar HJ, Lammens M, Wesseling P, Hori A, Keyser A, Rotteveel J. Development and malformations of the human pyramidal tract. J Neurol 2004;251:1429-1442. 387 Cellula neuraliscristaeformis Cells that behave in a similar manner to neural crest cells but arise from other sources are here referred to as neural crest-like cells. However, they meld seamlessly with neural crest cells into complexes and are then no longer morphologically distinguishable (O'Rahilly R, Müller F. The development of the neural crest in the human. J Anat 2007;211:335-351). The term neural crest is here restricted to temporary aggregations of cells derived from the neural folds or tube and the term neural crest complex is used when neural crest-like cell are involved. FIPAT.library.dal.ca TE2, Part 4 259 388 Axon; Neurofibra Axon refers to the axonal process only. Fibre or neurofibre refers to the combination of axon and Schwann cell. Thus, the terms myelinated fibre, nonmyelinated fibre and premyelin or promyelin fibre include both axon(s) and Schwann cell(s). 389 Acervatio cellularum ad radiculam ventraliam; Acervatio cellularum ad radiculam motoriam; Acervatio cellularum ad radiculam anteriorem Ventral rootlet cell clusters are clusters of cells that differentiate into Schwann cells which ensheath and eventually myelinate the axons of the ventral rootlet. Fraher J, Rossiter J. Cell clusters on developing rat ventral roots. Prenatal development. J Anat;1983:136,111-128; Fraher J, Rossiter J. Cell clusters on rat ventral roots. II. Postnatal development. J Anat 1983;137:555-571. 390 Gliocyti peripherici The term Schwann cell is now almost universally ascribed to the PNS ensheathing cell. Terms including the stem neurolemm- are now rarely used. 391 Schwannocytus perifascicularis epithelioidalis Schwann cell precursors initially form a cellular sheath around axon bundles (perifascicular epithelioid Schwann cells). They then invade and partition the axon bundles (segregating Schwann cells). Segregation is completed when a Schwann cell has completely surrounded the presumptively myelinated axon or the presumptively nonmyelinated axon bundle (ensheathing Schwann cells). 392 Gliocyti peripherici; Schwannocytus segregans ; Schwannocytus involvens; Schwannocytus maturus; Schwannocytus nonmyelinopoieticus; Schwannocytus myelinopoieticus; Schwannocytus premyelinatus ; Schwannocytus isolatus; Schwannocytus terminalis; Cellula teloglialis The term Schwann cell is now almost universally ascribed to the PNS ensheathing cell. Terms including the stem neurolemm- are now rarely used. The term endoneurial sheath applies to the basal lamina of the Schwann cell and the collagenous sheath surrounding it. Inside that is the nerve fibre, defined as the axon(s) and the surrounding Schwann cell(s). See above. 393: Schwannocytus uniaxonalis As a prerequisite for myelination each Schwann cell normally enfolds only one axon segment. 394 Segregatio canalium ionicorum Sodium and potassium channels are segregated into complementary membrane domains in the earliest stages of formation of nodes of Ranvier (Waxman SG, Ritchie JM. Organisation of ion channels in the myelinated nerve fiber. Science 1985;228:1502-1507). 395 Eliminatio synapsium superfluarum In developing mammalian skeletal muscle several axons innervate a single motor end-plate. This polyneuronal innervation is lost in early postnatal life as inactive motor neurons degenerate (Jordan C L. Ciliary neurotrophic factor may act in target musculature to regulate developmental synapse elimination. Dev Neurosci 1996;18:185-198; Favero M, Lorenzetto E, Bidoia C, Buffelli M, Busetto G, Cangiano A. Synapse formation and elimination: role of activity studied in different models of adult muscle reinnervation.J Neurosci Res 2007;85:2610-9. 396 Fibroblastus endoneurialis/ Fibroblastus epineurialis/ Fibroblastus perineurialis Only endoneurial fibroblasts are now believed to be derived solely from neural crest cells: epineurial and perineural fibroblasts may be of mixed lineage (Joseph NM, Mukouyama YS, Mosher JT, Jaegle M, Crone SA, Dormand EL, Lee KF, Meijer D, Anderson DJ, Morrison SJ. Neural crest cells undergo multilineage differentiation in developing peripheral nerves to generate endoneurial fibroblasts in addition to Schwann cells. Development 2004;131:5599-5612). 397 Macrophagocytus The macrophages of peripheral nerve connective tissue are not derived from the neural crest. 398 Hypomyelinisatio congenita In congenital hypomyelination there is impairment of elements of the myelination process, including segregation, ensheathment and myelin formation. 399 Dysautonomia familiaris Familial dysautonomia is characterized by dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system, sensory disturbances, neurological disorders, psychical anomalies and ophthalmological symptoms such as dry eyes, corneal anaesthesia, keratinized conjunctiva and cornea: a smooth tongue is accompanied by absence of fungiform papillae and taste buds. 400 Spatium intraretinale; Hiatus intraretinalis Although the cavity of the optic vesicle disappears, there remains a potential cleft, the site of so-called retinal detachment, which takes place between retinal layers.. 401 Translatio introrsum FIPAT.library.dal.ca Ganglion cell proneurons separate as the retina increases in thickness. TE2, Part 4 260 402 Tunica fibrosa bulbi The parts of the fibrous layer of the eyeball are derived from both head ectoderm and the ectomesenchyme surrounding the optic cup: their component parts are listed either under Eye and related structures or under Optic mesenchyme. 403 Tunica vasculosa bulbi; Uvea under Optic mesenchyme. The parts of the vascular layer of the eyeball are derived from both the optic cup and the surrounding ectomesenchyme: their component parts are listed either under Retina or 404 Epithelium posterius corneae This epithelium may be ectomesenchymal in origin. 405 Pars nonlaminata et nonstriata The nonbanded, nonstriated part of the posterior limiting lamina is formed postnatally by the endothelium of the anterior chamber. 406 Membrana pupillaris The mesenchymal tissue developing into the sclera (Wai SM, Li WY, Chai WY, Sha O, Yew DT. The iridopupillary membrane (or pupillary membrane) in human development. Neuroembryology 2002;1:44-46). 407 Coloboma congenita Vitreous body, lens, cornea, choroid and/or iris may be affected. 408 Sulcus nasolacrimalis; Sulcus lacrimalis The nasolacrimal groove is said to appear approximately along, but independently of, the line where the maxillary and frontonasal prominences merge and is thus not synonymous with the nasomaxillary groove (O'Rahilly R and Müller F. Human Embryology & Teratology. 3rd ed. New York: Wiley-Liss; 2001]. 409 Lamina lacrimalis The lacrimal lamina is a thickening of the epithelium at the bottom of the lacrimal groove. Its tip bifurcates to form primordial canaliculi before it canalises and connects conjunctival and inferior meatal epithelia (de la Cuadra-Blanco C, Peces-Peña MD, Jáñez-Escalada L, Mérida-Velasco JR. Morphogenesis of the human excretory lacrimal system. J Anat 2006;209:127-135). 410 Lig. mallei anterius It is usually considered that the anterior ligament is derived from the first pharyngeal arch because of its continuity, via the sphenomandibular ligament, with the mandible. However, it has also been suggested that the anterior ligament is derived from the second pharyngeal arch (Hanson JR, Anson BJ, Strickland EM. Branchial sources of the auditory ossicles in man. Arch Otolaryngol 1962;76:200215). 411 Vestibulocytus I; Vestibulocytus piriformis Type I vestibular hair cells are demonstrable in the 8 week embryo and they have synaptic vesicles at 9 weeks (Dechesne CJ, Sans A. Development of vestibular receptor surfaces in human fetuses. Am J Otolaryngol 1985;6:378-387). 412 Cochleocytus internus; Cochleocytus externus Inner and outer hair cells of the cochlea can be found in the 10 and 11 week embryo, respectively (Pujol R, Lavigne-Rebillard M. Early stages of innervations and sensory cell differentiation in the human organ of Corti. Acta Otolaryngol Suppl. 1985;423:43-50). Ciliogenesis starts one week later in each cell type (Lavigne-Rebillard M, Pujol R. Development of the auditory hair cell surface in human fetuses. A scanning electron microscope study. Anat Embryol (Berl) 1986:174:369-377). 413 Mamma The prenatal and prepubertal development of the mammary glands is similar in both sexes. In the newborn, both may secrete “witch’s milk”. The definitive male gland at 20 years is similar to that of the early pubertal female. 414 Nutritio Nutrients originating inside the conceptus as a result of specific metabolic processes such as liquefaction of its cells are described as endotrophe. Nutrients originating outside the conceptus from maternal blood (haemotrophe) or as a result of liquefaction of maternal cells (histiotrophe) are described as exotrophe (Blechschmidt E, Gasser R. Biokinetics and biodynamics of human differentiation. Springfield: Charles C Thomas; 1978). 415 Adnexa embryonica The terms for the development of the extra-embryonic membranes are presented here in temporal sequence, which entails some repetition and, in the earlier stages, include items previously thought to give rise only to embryonic tissues: in particular, the embryoblast gives rise to both extra-embryonic and embryonic tissues; hence the alternative term pluriblast which recognizes this. FIPAT.library.dal.ca TE2, Part 4 261 416 Cavitas vesiculae umbilicalis primariae; Cavitas sacci vitellini primarii; Vesicula umbilicalis primaria; Saccus vitellinus primaries; Cavitas vesiculae umbilicalis secundariae; Cavitas sacci vitellini secundarii; Vesicula umbilicalis secundaria; Saccus vitellinus secundarius The term umbilical vesicle, which has been in use for many years, is preferred because yolk (Latin vitellus) is not present in the human vesicle and because the term indicates location, the vesicle being a feature of the umbilical region of the embryo and becoming, at least partially, incorporated into the umbilical cord. 417 Villus mesenchymalis Until Stage 23 all villi are mesenchymal villi and are inconspicuous, “with loose connective tissue, rich in mesenchymal cells, poor in fibres; few capillaries with signs of capillary sprouting; numerous cytotrophoblasts; and thick syncytiotrophoblastic layer, extending in trophoblastic sprouts.” In the first two trimesters mesenchymal villi develop into immature intermediate villi, which themselves develop into stem villi. In the third trimester mesenchymal villi develop into mature intermediate villi and they and stem villi develop terminal villi (Castelluci M, Scheper M, Scheffen I, Celona A and Kaufmann P. The development of the human placental villous tree. Anat Embryol 1990;181:117-128). 418 Trophoblastus extravillosus Extravillous trophoblast is a highly migratory, proliferative and invasive population of cells that emerges from the tips of anchoring villi (Lyall F. Mechanisms regulating cytotrophoblast invasion in normal pregnancy and pre-eclampsia. Aust NZ J Obstet Gynaecol 2006;46:266-273). It infiltrates the maternal tissues in two phases. The first results in giant cells in the decidua basalis around the spiral arteries, which they penetrate. In the second phase giant cells reach the inner one-third of the myometrium by extravascular and intravascular routes. 419 Cytotrophoblastus interstitialis Interstitial cytotrophoblast invades the decidual stroma and superficial myometrium, including the walls of spiral vessels (Pijnenborg R, Bland JM, Robertson WB, Dixon G, Brosens I. The pattern of interstitial trophoblast invasion in early human pregnancy. Placenta 1981;2:303-316). 420 Cytotrophoblastus endovascularis When interstitial cytotrophoblast has penetrated the wall of a spiral vessel, it becomes endovascular cytotrophoblast. This invades the lumen and a small muscular artery is transformed into a distended flaccid vessel (Pijnenborg R, Bland JM, Robertson WB, Dixon G, Brosens I. Uteroplacental arterial changes related to interstitial trophoblast migration in early human pregnancy. Placenta 1983;4:397-414). 421 Septum placentae; Insulae cellularum placentae Placental septa and Cell islands are of mixed fetal and maternal origin, trophoblast being applied to decidual cores. 422 Zona limitans decidualis The decidual boundary zone is the part of the decidua in contact with the trophoblastic shell. 423 Substantia fibrinoidea extravillous trophoblast. Two types of fibrinoid are found at various sites in the placenta: fibrin-type fibrinoid is a result of blood clotting; matrix-type fibrinoid is a basal lamina-like glycoprotein secreted by 424 Cotyledo maternalis When the detached placenta is examined from its decidual aspect, there are some 30 maternal cotyledons, separated by septa. However, because the septa do not reach the chorionic plate, a maternal cotyledon may include as many as 3 fetal cotyledons. 425 Cotyledo fetalis There are some 40-60 fetal cotyledons, each based upon a main stem villus and supplied by a decidual spiral artery. 426 Villus peduncularis major; Truncus chorii The main stem villi have a dense fibrous stroma and their cytotrophoblastic cell columns anchor them to the trophoblastic shell of the basal plate. 427 Villus peduncularis Stem villi contain “fetal arteries and veins or arterioles and venules, surrounded by dense connective tissue, rich in collagen fibres” (Castelluci M, Scheper M, Scheffen I, Celona A and Kaufmann P. The development of the human placental villous tree. Anat Embryol 1990;181:117-128). 428 Villus intermedius immaturus Immature intermediate villi are bulbous “with ample, loose connective tissue, containing few arterioles and venules and few undilated capillaries. The stroma is typified by numerous stromal channels delineated by sail-like processes of the fixed stromal cells and numerous macrophages in the channels” (Castelluci M, Scheper M, Scheffen I, Celona A and Kaufmann P. The development of the human placental villous tree. Anat Embryol 1990;181:117-128). FIPAT.library.dal.ca TE2, Part 4 262 429 Villus terminalis Terminal villi are short and stubby branches from mature intermediate villi that contain “highly dilated fetal capillaries, so-called sinusoids, making up more than 50% of the stromal volume; scarce loose connective tissue and thin syncytiotrophoblastic cover” (Castellucci M, Scheper M, Scheffen I, Celona A and Kaufmann P. The development of the human placental villous tree. Anat Embryol 1990;181:117-128). 430 Nodus syncytialis 431 Gemma syncytialis degenerate. Syncytial knots are localized aggregations of syncytiotrophoblastic nuclei in the lining of placental villi. Syncytial sprouts are localized aggregations of syncytiotrophoblastic nuclei on the surface of placental villi, where new terminal villi are forming. At term, however, the nuclei are largely 432 Substantia fibrinoidea perivillosa; Substantia fibrinoidea intravillosa fibrinoid may be found within villi. Fibrin-type fibrinoid is frequently found around villi where they lack syncytiotrophoblast and may be part of a repair process. Matrix-type 433 Membrana placentae; Claustrum placentae The placental membrane consists of the fetal tissues separating the fetal from the maternal blood. Initially it constitutes a selectively permeable placental barrier and consists of endothelium of fetal capillaries, connective tissue, the subepithelial basal lamina and its covering of cytotrophoblast and syncytiotrophoblast. It becomes progressively thinner until near term, when the barrier leaks and the membrane consists only of a thin syncytiofibrinoid layer sitting on the subepithelial basal lamina, beneath which are dilated capillaries. 434 Septum placentae; Septum cotyledonarium The placental septa extend from the basal plate towards the chorionic plate but do not reach it. Like villi, where their surface is not covered by syncytiotrophoblast, fibrinoid is exposed. Their cores contain vestiges of cytotrophoblast and connective tissue, in which are tissues of maternal origin and foci of degeneration. 435 Paraplacenta The interface between amniochorion and parietal decidua where some fetal-maternal interchanges occur. 436 Vascularisatio dispersa placentae 437 Vascularisatio magistralis placentae FIPAT.library.dal.ca In disperse placental vascularization the umbilical arteries undergo a succession of dichotomous divisions and rapidly diminish in calibre. In magistral placental vascularization the umbilical arteries almost reach the placental margin before there is a marked reduction in their size. TE2, Part 4 263

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