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Citric Acid Cycle
Stage
Enzyme
Pyruvate to
acetate
pyruvate
dehydrogenase
complex
Acetate Enters
citrate synthase
Oxidative
decarboxylation
isocitrate
dehydrogenase
a-ketoglutarate
dehydrogenase
Regenerate
oxaloacetate
succinylCoA
synthetase
succinate
dehydrogenase
malate dehydrogenase
Carbon
atoms
Entering
Oxidation
Hi E
bond
Leaving
CO2
NADH/H+
Modulators
Coenzymes
Activators
Inhibitors
TPP, lipoic
acid, CoASH,
FAD
pyruvate,
Ca+2
acetylCoA,
ATP, NADH
acetylCoA
citrate,
succinylCoA
CO2
NADH/H+
CO2
NADH/H+
TPP, lipoic
acid, CoASH,
FAD
ADP, Ca+2
ATP, NADH
Ca+2
succinylCoA
GTP
FADH2
NADH/H+
acetylCoA + 3 NAD+ + FAD + GDP + Pi + 2 H2O ’ 2 CO2 + 3 NADH/H+ + FADH2 + CoASH + GTP
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