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COUNTRY’S FULL NAME . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Republic of Turkey
CAPITAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ankara
LANGUAGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Turkish
POPULATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .76,805,524 (July 2009 est.)
CURRENCY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Turkish Lira (TL)
AREA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . total 780.580 sq km
POLITICAL SISTEM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Republican Parliamentary democracy
FOUNDER.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Mustafa Kemal ATATÜRK
ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 provinces
TIME ZONE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EET = Eastern European Time = UTC (GMT) +2 hours
CLIMATE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .temperate; hot, dry summers with mild, wet winters; harsher in interior
ETHNIC GROUPS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Turkish 80%, Kurdish 20% (estimated)
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TURKEY
is a Eurasian country
that stretches across
the Anatolian peninsula in
western Asia and Thrace (Rumelia)
in the Balkan region of southeastern Europe.
Turkey is bordered by eight countries: Bulgaria to the northwest; Greece to the
west; Georgia to the northeast; Armenia, Azerbaijan (the exclave of Nakhichevan)
and Iran to the east; and Iraq and Syria to the southeast. Due to its strategic
location astride two continents, Turkey's culture has a unique blend of Eastern and
Western tradition. A powerful regional presence in the Eurasian landmass with
strong historic, cultural and economic influence in the area between Europe in the
west and Central Asia in the east, Russia in the north and the Middle East in the
south, Turkey has come to acquire increasing strategic significance. Turkey is a
democratic, secular, unitary, constitutional republic whose political system was
established in 1923 under the leadership of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, following the
fall of the Ottoman Empire in the aftermath of World War I. Since then, Turkey has
become increasingly integrated with the West through membership in organizations
such as the Council of Europe, NATO, OECD, OSCE and the G-20 major
economies. Turkey began full membership negotiations with the European Union in
2005, having been an associate member of the EEC since 1963, and having
reached a customs union agreement in 1995.
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red with a vertical white crescent (the closed portion is
toward the hoist side) and white five-pointed star
centered just outside the crescent opening
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Seal of the President of Turkey.
The 16 stars symbolize the 16
Turkish states in history.
Turkey does not have an official national emblem. The
symbol on the cover page of Turkish passports is simply
the star and crescent as found in the flag of Turkey. In
1925, the Ministry of Education initiated a competition to
select a national coat of arms. The winner was the
design by painter Namık İsmail Bey. However, the choice Used only in embassies and Ministry of
Foreign Affairs
was not approved as an official coat of arms. This coat of
arms contained a vertically-oriented star and crescent
and a wolf.
The Turkish Ministry of Foreign Affairs uses a red ovalshaped logo, whose colour is that of the Turkish flag and
whose shape echoes the oval shield at the center of the
late 19th-century Ottoman coat of arms. The logo
contains a star and crescent, vertically oriented with the
star on top, surrounded by a text. A similar shield can be
found on several Turkish embassies.
The seal of the President of Turkey has a large 16pointed star in the center, which is surrounded by 16
five-pointed stars, symbolizing the 16 Turkish states in
Designed in 1925, but was never approved
history.
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Southeastern Europe and Southwestern Asia (that portion of Turkey west of the Bosporus is
geographically part of Europe), bordering the Black Sea, between Bulgaria and Georgia, and
bordering the Aegean Sea and the Mediterranean Sea, between Greece and Syria. The land in
asia is called as Anatolia and in europe as thrace.
Anatolia (Turkish: Anadolu) is a large, roughly rectangular peninsula situated bridgelike between
Europe and Asia. The Anatolian part of Turkey accounts for 97% of the country's area. It is also
known as Asia Minor, Asiatic Turkey or the Anatolian Plateau. The term Anatolia is most
frequently used in specific reference to the large, semiarid central plateau, which is rimmed by
hills and mountains that in many places limit access to the fertile, densely settled coastal
regions.
The European portion of Turkey, known as Thrace (Turkish: Trakya), encompasses 3% of the
total area but is home to more than 10% of the total population. Istanbul, the largest city of
Europe and Turkey, has a population of 11,372,613. Thrace is separated from the Asian portion
of Turkey by the Bosporus (Turkish: İstanbul Boğazı), the Sea of Marmara (Turkish: Marmara
Denizi), and the Dardanelles (Turkish: Çanakkale Boğazı).
Land boundaries: 2,627 km (1,632 mi) border countries: Greece 206 km (128 mi), Bulgaria
,240 km (149 mi), Georgia 252 km (157 mi), Armenia 268 km (167 mi), Nakhchivan (Azerbaijan)
9 km (6 mi), Iran 499 km (310 mi), Iraq 331 km (206 mi), Syria 822 km (511 mi).
The 1st Geography Congress, held in Ankara between 6-21 June 1941, divided Turkey into
seven regions after long discussions and work. These geographical regions were separated
according to their climate, location, flora and fauna, human habitat, agricultural diversities,
transportation, topography and so on. At the end, 4 side regions and 3 inner regions were
named according to their neighborhood to the four seas surrounding Turkey and positions in
Anatolia.
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IN TURKEY
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Turkish is spoken as a first language by over 63 million people worldwide, making it the most
commonly spoken of the Turkic languages. Its speakers are located predominantly in Turkey
and Cyprus, with smaller groups in Iraq, Greece, Bulgaria, the Republic of Macedonia,
Kosovo, Albania and other parts of Eastern Europe. Turkish is also spoken by several million.
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immigrants in Western Europe, particularly in Germany
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.
Turkish is a member of the Turkish, or Western, subgroup of the Oghuz languages, which
includes Gagauz and Azeri. The Oghuz languages form the Southwestern subgroup of the
Turkic languages, a language family comprising some 30 living languages spoken across
Eastern Europe, Central Asia. and Siberia. Some linguists believe the Turkic languages to be
a part of a larger Altaic language family. About 40% of all speakers of Turkic languages are
native Turkish speakers. The characteristic features of Turkish, such as vowel harmony,
agglutination, and lack of grammatical gender, are universal within the Turkic family and the
Altaic languages. There is a high degree of mutual intelligibility between Turkish and the
other Oghuz languages, including Azeri, Turkmen, Qashqai, Gagauz, and Balkan Gagauz
Turkish.
Turkish is the official language of Turkey and is one of the official languages of Cyprus. It
also has official (but not primary) status in the Prizren District of Kosovo and several
municipalities of the Republic of Macedonia, depending on the concentration of Turkishspeaking local population. Istanbul Turkish is established as the official standard language
of Turkey. Dialectal variation persists, in spite of the leveling influence of the standard
used in mass media and the Turkish education system since the 1930s.
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Turkish cuisine is largely the heritage of Ottoman cuisine,
which can be described as a fusion and refinement of Central
Asian, Middle Eastern and Balkan cuisines. Turkish cuisine has
in turn influenced those and other neighbouring cuisines,
including that of western European. The Ottomans fused
various culinary traditions of their realm with influences from
Middle Eastern cuisines, along with traditional Turkic elements
from Central Asia (such as yogurt), creating a vast array of
technical specialities- many with strong regional associations.
Taken as a whole, Turkish cuisine is not homogeneous. Aside
from common Turkish specialities that can be found throughout
the country, there are also many region-specific specialities.
The Black Sea region's cuisine (northern Turkey) is based on
corn and anchovies. The southeast—Urfa, Gaziantep and
Adana—is famous for its kebabs, mezes and dough-based
desserts such as baklava, kadayıf and künefe. Especially in the
western parts of Turkey, where olive trees are grown
abundantly, olive oil is the major type of oil used for cooking.
The cuisines of the Aegean, Marmara and Mediterranean
regions display basic characteristics of Mediterranean cuisine
as they are rich in vegetables, herbs, and fish. Central Anatolia
is famous for its pasta specialties, such as keşkek (kashkak),
mantı and gözleme.A specialty's name sometimes includes that
of a city or region, either in or outside of Turkey, and may refer
to the specific technique or ingredients used in that area. For
example, the difference between Urfa kebab and Adana kebab
is the use of garlic instead of onion and the larger amount of hot
pepper that kebab contains.
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It is said that three major kinds of cuisine exist in the world;
Turkish, Chinese, and French. Fully justifying its reputation,
Turkish Cuisine is always a pleasant surprise for the visitor.
In addition to being the refined product of centuries of
experience, Turkish Cuisine has a very pure quality.
The variety and simplicity of the recipes and the quality of
the ingredients are guarantees of delicious meals. For those
who travel in culinary pursuits, Turkish Cuisine is a very
curious one. The variety of dishes that make up the Cuisine,
the ways they all come together in feast-like meals, and the
evident intricacy of each craft offer enough material for lifelong study and enjoyment. It is not easy to discern a basic
element or a single dominant feature, like the Italian "pasta"
or the French "sauce". Whether in a humble home, at a
famous restaurant, or at a dinner in a Bey's mansion,
familiar patterns of this rich and diverse Cuisine are always
present. It is a rare art which satisfies your senses while
reconfirming the higher order of society, community and
culture.
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Ferit Orhan Pamuk (born on 7 June 1952 in
Istanbul) generally known simply as Orhan Pamuk,
is a Turkish novelist. He is also the Robert YikFong Tam Professor in the Humanities at Columbia
University, where he teaches comparative literature
and writing.
One of Turkey's most prominent novelists, his work
has sold over seven million books in more than fifty
languages, making him the country's best-selling
writer. Pamuk is the recipient of numerous literary
awards, including the Nobel Prize in Literature
2006—the first Nobel Prize to be awarded to a
Turkish citizen.
Sertab Erener (born December 4, 1964 in
Istanbul) is a Turkish pop star and also a crossover soprano with a vocal range that extends to
high F. She is one of the most successful
female Turkish pop singers in her homeland,
and is considered one of the divas of Turkish
pop music. In Europe, she is best known for
winning the Eurovision Song Contest 2003 with
her hit song "Everyway That I Can", although
she has had many other achievements outside
Turkey.
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Mehmet Okur (born May 26, 1979 in Yalova, Turkey) is a
Turkish professional basketball player who currently plays for
the Utah Jazz of the NBA. He is a 211 cm (6' 11") power
forward/center. He was named to the Western Conference
All-Star team for 2007 NBA All-Star Game. He and Ray Allen
were selected as replacements for injured original members
Allen Iverson and Steve Nash. He is the first Turkish player to
participate in this event.
Semih Saygıner nicknamed Mr. Magic and the Turkish
Prince, is a Turkish professional carom billiards player.
Saygıner started playing billiards. He had a good performance
in high school but left for depression over the loss of his mother
and father. He then focused on billiards. A year later, he won
his first Turkish title.
He won the 1999 CEB European Three-cushion
Championship by defeating Dion Nelin of Denmark. He was
the first from his country to win that tournament.
In 2003, Saygıner won the UMB World Three-cushion
Championship by disposing Filipos Kasidokostas of Greece.
He's the only Turk ever to win it. That same year, he won the
last World Three-cushion Championship organized by the
BWA by besting Dick Jaspers
Saygıner shares the world record for the highest run in
three-cushion billiards, of 31, with Colombian American
Hugo Patiño
His highest average in a match is 3.571 (50 points in 14
innings).
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Fazıl Say (born January 14, 1970) is a Turkish pianist
and composer. Born in Ankara, Turkey, to Turkish
musicologist and writer Ahmet Say, Fazıl Say studied
piano and composition at the Ankara State
Conservatory. At the age of seventeen, he was awarded
a German Academic Exchange Service scholarship that
enabled him to study for five years with David Levine at
the Robert Schumann Institute in Düsseldorf, Germany.
From 1992 to 1995, he continued his studies at the
Berlin Conservatory. In 1995, he was the winner of the
Young Concert Artists International Auditions, which
gave a rapid start to his international career.
Tarkan is a World Music award winning pop singer
who has been nicknamed the "Prince Of Pop" by the
media. He has released several platinum-selling
albums during his career, with an estimated 15
million albums sold. Tarkan is one of the very few
European artists who has managed to be successful
in Russia, Latin America and across the European
continent singing in his native language - as well as
being a cultural icon in his homeland.
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Suna Korad is a very gifted Turkish soprano. She touched millions of souls with her powerful
voice. Suna Korad was a source of inspiration for the Bilkent community, especially to the
members of the Faculty of Music and Performing Arts. Unfortunately, she passed away in 2003.
She held the title of “State Artist” in Turkey.
Piri Reis Is primarily known as a famous Turkish sailor and the first Turkish marine
cartographer. Piri Reis was both a great sea commander who was heroic and one of the most
important cartographers and sailor writers of his time. The world map he charted was printed by
the Turkish Historical Institution in 1935. This map was presented by Piri Reis to Yavuz Sultan
Selim in Egypt in 1517.
Mimar Sinan was the chief Ottoman architect and civil engineer for sultans Suleiman I, Selim
II and Murad III. He is considered one of the greatest of the Ottoman architects. His many
buildings include some of the most famous landmarks of the Turkish Empire. His masterpiece
is the Selimiye Mosque in Edirne, although his most famous work is the Suleiman Mosque in
Istanbul. Sinan was the architect of around 360 structures which included 84 mosques, 51
small mosques ("mescit"), 57 schools of theology ("medrese") 7 schools for Koran reciters
("darülkurra"), 22 mausoleums ("türbe"), 17 Alm Houses ("imaret"), 3 hospitals ("darüşşifa"), 7
aquaducts and arches, 48 inns ("Caravansary"), 35 palaces and mansions, 8 vaults and 46
baths.
Ayhan Sureyya is regarded as one of the finest Turkish woman athletes of all time. National
middle-distance athlete and world championships runner Süreyya Ayhan Kop won her first gold
medal for Turkey at the European championship in Munich in 2002. At age twenty-three, she
set a new world record for 1,500-meter distance running and beat the Romanian world and
Olympics champion Gabriela Szabo with 3 minutes, 58.79 seconds.
Fikret Mualla is considered one of the representatives of Turkish arts in the 20th century. He
is a painter who has gained world-wide recognition. Fikret Mualla painted the cafes, the people
at the cafes, the taverns, streets, circuses, places of entertainment and the life in Paris. Men
Sitting, Still Life in Blue, Bistro, Cafe, French Workers at a Cafe in Marseille, Golden Horn and
Süleymaniye, A Street in Paris are some of his most famous paintings.