Download Unit 1 notes

Unit 1 Atomic Structure
Objectives: Describe the structure of atoms,
including the masses, electrical charges, and
locations of protons and neutrons in the
nucleus, and electrons in the electron cloud
I.
Atomic Theory
a. John Dalton – early 1800’s
i. All elements are made
of _________ and they
cannot be __________.
ii. All atoms of the same
________ are exactly
alike.
iii. ______ of one kind of
element _________ be
changed into an atom
of another element
iv. ____________ are
formed when atoms of
more than one ______
are combined in a ratio
b. J.J. Thomson – 1897
i. Discovered electrons
ii. “ ______ ________”
model - _________ of
positively charged
matter with _________
charged particles
scattered throughout.
c. Ernest Rutherford – 1911
i. One of ________
former students
ii. ________ _________
experiment – fired a
beam of _________
charged particles at a
thin sheet of ______
foil.
iii. Found that most passed
________ ________,
some were bent, but
some were ________ in
extreme angles.
II.
III.
IV.
V.
VI.
iv. ________ and _______
d. Niels Bohr – 1913
i. Rutherford’s student
ii. Placed _________ in
orbits around the
nucleus
iii. This is the model we
use to draw atoms
e. James Chadwick – 1932
i. Discovered _________
ii. At the _______ of the
atom is a _________,
containing _______ and
_________.
iii. _______ are found
outside the _________
in a cloud-like region
Subatomic particles
a. _________
b. _________
c. _________
Protons
a. Location - __________ the
nucleus
b. Charge - _________
c. Mass - ________________
Electrons
a. Location - ___________
_______ - ________ of the
nucleus
b. Charge - __________
c. Mass - ______________
Neutrons
a. Location - _______ the nucleus
b. Charge - __________________
c. Mass - __________
A.P.E. M.A.N
a. A. = __________ __________
b. P. = ________ of ________
c. E. = ________ of _________
d. M – A = N
i. M – atomic mass
ii. A - ________ _______
iii. N - # of _________
VII.
VIII.
IX.
X.
iv. How to use an
________ _______
1. Atomic Number
2. Symbol
3. Name
4. Average atomic
mass
Electron Cloud
a. _________ closer to the
_______ have _______ energy
b. First level can hold _______
c. Second level ________
d. Third level _______
e. Limitation of this model –
Electrons do not ________
f. ________ electrons are
_______ from the nucleus
Two things you must remember
a. ________ determine an
element’s ________
b. What element is this? Count
the ________
c. ________ ________ determine
an element’s _________
_______
Neutrons and Isotopes
a. _________ are atoms of the
same element that have
different numbers of _______
b. Most elements have ________
isotopes
c. This is why the average atomic
mass is a _________ number
Ions
a. An _____ is an atom that has
________ or _____ an electron.
b. This changes the ________ of
an atom from ________