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Cell Chemistry Water • Why is water so important to our understanding of cell chemistry? – abundance – polar nature Water • How does its polar nature affect the properties of this molecule? – cohesive – high surface tension – high specific heat, heat of vaporization Water • Why is water such a good solvent? Water • What kinds of cellular reactions involve water? – hydrolytic cleavages – dehydration synthesis – light reactions of photosynthesis Carbon Containing Molecules • Why are carbon containing molecules so prevalent in cells? Carbon Containing Molecules • What accounts for the stability of carbon containing molecules? Carbon Containing Molecules • What are some of the common functional groups found in biological molecules? Macromolecules • From what are the most important biological polymers constructed? Macromolecules Macromolecules • Why would a molecule be classified as informational? structural? storage? Macromolecules • What is involved in the synthesis of macromolecules? Macromolecules • What is meant by self-assembly? Macromolecules • What is the role of a molecular chaperone? Proteins • Where in the cell are proteins found and what are some of their functions? Proteins • What do all amino acids have in common? Proteins • What distinguishes a specific amino acid? Proteins Proteins • How does a peptide bond form? Proteins • What is the difference between a polypeptide and a protein? • How is a monomeric protein different from a multimeric protein? Proteins • What kinds of bonds are involved in the folding of proteins? Proteins • What do we mean by the primary structure of a protein? Proteins – secondary structure Proteins • What is the difference between the α-helix and the β-pleated sheet? Proteins • What are motifs? Proteins • How does tertiary structure compare with secondary structure Proteins • What are some of the non-covalent interactions that determine the tertiary structure? Proteins • What is the difference between a globular and a fibrous protein? Proteins • What are domains? Proteins • Do all proteins have quaternary structure? Nucleic Acids • How is DNA different from RNA both structurally and functionally? Nucleic Acids • What is a nucleotide? What role(s) does it play in the cell? Nucleic Acids • What makes nucleotides different from each other? Nucleic Acids • How are nucleotides joined to form DNA and RNA? Nucleic Acids • What are some of the important features of the DNA molecule? Polysaccharides • What are polysaccharides and how are they different from proteins or nucleic acids? Polysaccharides • What are monosaccharides and how do we classify them? Polysaccharides • How are disaccharides formed? Polysaccharides • What are some of the functions of polysaccharides in cells? Lipids • How are lipids different from proteins, nucleic acids and polysaccharides? • What do all lipids have in common? Lipids • What are some of the different kinds of lipids? Lipids • Why are fatty acids considered amphipathic? • What’s the difference between a saturated and an unsaturated fatty acid? Lipids • Why are the properties of cell membranes so dependent upon the structure of phospholipids? Lipids
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