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Safety Council of the Ozarks
WHY ARE WE HERE?
• OSHA BB Pathogen standard
– anyone whose job requires exposure to BB
pathogens is required to complete training
– employees who are trained in CPR and first aid
• The more you know, the better you will
perform in real situations!
Could You Contract a
Disease at Work?
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Administering first aid?
Cleaning the restrooms?
Using a tool covered with dried blood?
A co-worker sneezes on you?
We May Be…..
Or We May Be…..
Or We May Be…..
Or At Home…..
Or At Work….
Or At Play….
This Is Not The Answer…
What is a BB Pathogen?
Microorganisms that are carried
in the blood that can cause
disease in humans
Means of Transmission Must Enter Body
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HBV, HIV virus present in blood, body fluids
Sexual contact with an infected partner
Sharing infected needles
Accidentally cutting yourself with a sharp object that
is contaminated with infected blood, body fluids
• Infected blood or body fluid on skin especially with
open cuts, sores
• Getting contaminated blood or body fluid in eyes,
mouth.
Exposure Incident
• A specific incident of contact with potentially
infectious bodily fluid
• If there are no infiltrations of mucous membranes
or open skin surfaces, it is not considered an
occupational exposure
• Report all accidents involving blood or bodily fluids
• Postexposure medical evaluations are offered
Potential Exposure
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Industrial accident
Administering first aid
Postaccident cleanup
Janitorial or maintenance work
Common BB Pathogen Diseases
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Malaria
Brucellosis
Syphilis
Hepatitis B(HBV)
Hepatitis C(HCV)
Human
Immunodeficiency
Virus (HIV)
Human Immunodeficiency Virus
(HIV)
• HIV is the virus that leads to AIDS
• HIV depletes the immune system
• HIV does not survive well outside the body
• No threat on contracting HIV through
casual contact
Hepatitis B (HBV)
• 1—1.25 million
Americans are
chronically infected
• Symptoms include:
jaundice, fatigue,
abdominal pain, loss
of appetite,
intermittent nausea,
vomiting
• May lead to chronic
liver disease, liver
cancer, and death
• Vaccination available
since 1982
• HBV can survive for
at least one week in
dried blood
• Symptoms can occurr
1-9 months after
exposure
Hepatitis C (HCV)
• Hepatitis C is the most common chronic
bloodborne infection in the United States
• Symptoms include: jaundice, fatigue,
abdominal pain, loss of appetite,
intermittent nausea, vomiting
• May lead to chronic liver disease and death
Potentially Infectious Bodily
Fluids
• Skin tissue, cell
cultures
• Chewing tobacco juice
• Any other bodily fluid
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Blood
Saliva
Vomit
Urine
Semen or vaginal
secretions
Transmission Potential
• Contact with another
person’s blood or
bodily fluid that may
contain blood
• Mucous membranes:
eyes, mouth, nose
• Non-intact skin
• Contaminated
sharps/needles
Your Exposure Potential
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Industrial accident
Administering first aid
Post-accident cleanup
Handling of returned
product
• Janitorial or
maintenance work
• Handling of any waste
products
Other Exposure Hazards
• Cleaning surfaces contaminated with blood, vomit feces
• ALWAYS wear gloves and protective apron or clothing
• Be alert for sharp objects, broken glassware, used
syringes in trash
• Do not pick up broken glass - use brush or broom &
dustpan
• Dispose of glass, sharp objects safely
• Laundry - bloody or contaminated linens or sharp objects
Universal Precautions
• Use of proper PPE
• Treat all blood and
bodily fluids as if
they are contaminated
• Proper cleanup and
decontamination
• Disposal of all
contaminated material
in the proper manner
Clean-Up and Safe
Housekeeping
• After an accident, the entire area must be
cleaned with disinfectant
• Cleaning equipment must be disinfected
• Wear gloves while cleaning, apron or goggles
if appropriate
• Restrict access to the area
• Use disposable towels - dispose of properly
Personal Protective Equipment
(PPE)
• Anything that is used
to protect a person
from exposure
• Latex or Nitrile
gloves, goggles, CPR
mouth barriers,
aprons, respirators
PPE Rules to Remember
• Always check PPE for defects or tears
before using
• If PPE becomes torn or defective remove
and get new
• Remove PPE before leaving a contaminated
area
• Do not reuse disposable equipment
Decontamination
• When cleaning up surfaces use Hepacide
Quat® (or 1 part bleach to 10 parts water)
• Do an initial wipe up
• Spray and allow it to stand for ten minutes
then wipe up
• Dispose of all wipes in biohazard containers
• PPE should be removed and disposed of in
biohazard containers
Hand Washing
• Wash hands
immediately after
removing PPE
• Use a soft antibacterial
soap
• A hand sanitizer can
be used but wash with
soap and water as soon
as possible therafter
Regulated Medical Waste
• Liquid or semi-liquid blood or other
potentially infectious material(OPIM)
• Contaminated items that would release
blood or OPIM when compressed
• Contaminated sharps
• Pathological and microbiological waste
containing blood or OPIM
Signs & Labels
• Labels must include
the universal
biohazard symbol, and
the term “Biohazard”
must be attached to:
– containers of regulated
biohazard waste
– refrigerators or freezers
containing blood or
OPIM
– containers used to
store,
transport, or ship blood
or OPIM
Exposure Incident
• A specific incident of contact with potentially
infectious bodily fluid
• If there are no infiltrations of mucous
membranes
or open skin surfaces, it is not considered an
occupational exposure
• Report all accidents involving blood or
bodily fluids
• Post-exposure medical evaluations are
offered
Post-exposure Evaluation
• Confidential medical
evaluation
• Document route of
exposure
• Identify source
individual
• Test source individuals
blood (with
individuals consent)
• Provide results to
exposed employee
Hepatitis B Vaccination
• Strongly endorsed by
medical communities
• Offered to all
potentially exposed
employees
• Provided at no cost to
employees
• Declination form
Safe Work Practices
• Remove contaminated PPE or clothing as
soon as possible
• Clean and disinfect contaminated
equipment and work surfaces
• Thoroughly wash up immediately after
exposure
• Properly dispose of contaminated items
Personal Hygiene
– Additional self-protective controls should be followed to protect you:
• When performing procedures involving blood or other potentially
infectious materials, minimize splashing, spraying, spattering and
generation of droplets.
• Do not eat, drink, smoke, apply cosmetics or lip balms, or handle
contact lenses where you may be exposed to blood or other potentially
infectious materials.
• Avoid petroleum-based lubricants that may eat through latex gloves.
Applying hand cream is OK if you thoroughly wash your hands first.
• Don’t keep food and drinks in refrigerators, freezers, cabinets or on
shelves, countertops or benchtops where blood or other potentially
infectious materials may be present.
Glove removal
– You must follow a safe procedure for glove removal, being
careful that no pathogens from the soiled gloves contact your
hands.
• With both hands gloved, peel one off from top to bottom
and hold it in the gloved hand.
• With the exposed hand, peel the second glove from the
inside, tucking the first glove inside the second.
• Dispose of the entire bundle promptly.
• Remove gloves when they become contaminated, damaged
or before leaving the work area.
• Wash your hands thoroughly.
Recordkeeping
Medical records include:
• Hepatitis B vaccination status
• Post-exposure evaluation and follow-up
results
Training records include:
• Training dates
• Contents of the training
• Signature of trainer and trainee
Common Sense Rules
• Wash hands & remove protective clothing
before eating, drinking, smoking, handling
contact lenses, applying lip balm or
cosmetics
• Keep hands away from eyes, nose, mouth
while cleaning
• Frequent handwashing is best defense
against spreading infection
Reducing Your Risk
• Five major tactics reduce your risk of exposure to bloodborne
pathogens on the job:
– Engineering controls
– Employee work practices
– Personal protective equipment
– Housekeeping
– Hepatitis B vaccine.
• Alone, none of these approaches is 100 percent effective. They
must be used together, like five protective barriers against
infection.
Good Housekeeping
Good housekeeping protects every worker, and
it is every worker’s responsibility.
Playing It Safe
If you are exposed, report the incident immediately
to your supervisor.
Resuscitation devices
– Mechanical emergency respiratory devices and pocket
masks are types of personal protective equipment
designed to isolate you from contact with a victim’s
saliva during resuscitation.
– Avoid unprotected mouth-to-mouth resuscitation. The
person may expel saliva, blood or other fluids during
resuscitation.
Summary
•Protect yourself on and off the job- know the facts
•Practice good personal hygiene
•Follow work rules, use gloves and protective
clothing
•Wash your hands often, after work or exposure
•Keep areas clean - report problems immediately to
supervisors
Try To Protect Yourself Against Possible Future Exposures
In Conclusion
BB pathogen rules are in place for
your health and safety
Failure to follow them is a risk that
does not need to be taken
Gary Kukal, CHSP, CSHS
Safety Council of the Ozarks
417-869-2121