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Year 7 Geography Revision November 2016 Weather and Climate Definitions Weather – The day to day changes in the atmosphere e.g. rain, sunny etc. Climate – The temperature of an area averaged over a long period of time e.g. Tropical Maritime World Climates 1. Temperate – UK 2. Savanah – Africa 3. Desert – Sahara 4. Tropical – Tropics (Brazil) 5. Polar – Arctic 6. Mediterranean – Countries around the Mediterranean Sea. How do we measure weather? Temperature = Thermometer Rainfall = Rain Gauge Atmospheric Pressure = Barometer Wind Speed = Anemometer Wind Direction = Wind Vane A Stevenson screen is a white box that sits on stilts and houses a maximum and minimum thermometer and possibly a barometer Microclimate = a small change in temperature on a small scale. It can be affected by these factors; Aspect – Which way the building is facing Shade – A building can provide shade making it colder on a sunny day Shelter – A building can provide shelter from the wind making it slightly warmer Wind Channelling – Two buildings next to each other will funnel the wind in-between them causing that area to be slightly colder. Water Cycle Evaporation – the process where the sun heats up water and it turns into water vapour (liquid to gas) Transpiration – the water from trees and leaves is evaporated Condensation – the water vapour cools and starts to form clouds Precipitation – liquid water falls from the clouds as rain, snow, sleet or hail Surface Runoff – the water cannot penetrate the soil and therefore stays on the surface Groundwater Flow – the water infiltrates the soil and the water travels beneath the surface 3 types of rainfall Convectional Rainfall = When the sun heats up the air above the ground causing it to rise. It then cools and condenses and finally rains. Relief Rainfall = When the air mass is forced to rise when it comes into contact with a mountain. When it rises it cools, condenses and finally rains. Frontal Rainfall = When a warm air mass meets a cold air mass it is forced upwards as it is less dense. As it rises it cools, condenses and finally rains. Hurricane Formation 1. Warm ocean waters 2. Two air masses coming together 3. Wind forces air upwards 4. Damp, moist air forms the large clouds 5. Light winds around the outside steer the hurricane Global Location – see attached sheet