Download APES Review This review lists the highlights of the covered chapters

APES Review
This review lists the highlights
of the covered chapters. In no
way does it cover everything
you’ve learned!
Chapter 1
1. Exponential Growth
2. GDP
3. Per capita GDP
4. Developing, developed
nations
5. Perpetual, renewable,
non-renewable resources
6. Tragedy of the commons
7. Ecological Footprint
8. Affluenza
9. Rule of 70
10. Natural capital
11. Frontier Worldview
Chapter 2
1. Easter Island
2. Scientific Method
3. Positive and negative
feedback loops
4. Synergistic effect
5. Isotopes
6. Organic compounds
7. High and low quality
matter
8. High and low quality
energy
9. High through put economy
10. Low through put economy
11. Ionizing radiation vs. nonionizing radiation
12. Organic vs. inorganic
compounds
13. Law of conservation of
matter
14. half lives
15. Nuclear fission vs. fusion
16. First law of
thermodynamics
17. Second law of
thermodynamics
Evolution Ch.4
Natural selection
Mutations
Coevolution
Fundamental vs. realized
niche
5. Specialist vs. generalist
6. Divergent evolution
1.
2.
3.
4.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
Speciation
Endemic species
Geographic isolation
Reproductive isolation
Mass extinction
Mass depletion
Background extinction
Recombinant DNA
GMO’s
Artificial selection
Founder effect
Bottleneck effect
Ch. 3 Ecosystems
1. Levels of Ecology (Realm
of ecology)
2. Habitat
3. Ecosystem
4. Community
5. Biosphere
6. Range of tolerance
7. Limiting factor
8. Abiotic vs biotic
9. Biomes
10. Autotroph vs. heterotroph
11. Producer vs. consumer
12. Decomposers vs. detrivore
13. Trophic levels
14. Aerobic vs. anaerobic
respiration
15. Biodiversity
16. Food chain vs. food web
17. Biomass
18. Energy pyramid
19. NPP
20. GPP
21. Horizons (describe each
layer)
22. Profile
23. Humus
24. Infiltration
25. Leaching
26. Sand, silt, clay
27. Porosity
28. Soil texture triangle
29. Loam
30. Aquifer
31. Surface Runoff
32. Evaporation
33. Transpiration
34. Percolation
35. Condensation
36. Carbon cycle
37. Photosynthesis
38. Calcium carbonate
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
Green house effect
Nitrogen cycle
Nitrogen fixation
Ammonification
Nitrite vs. nitrate
Denitrification
NOx
Phosphorous cycle
Sulfur cycle
Sources of sulfur
Climate and Terrestrial
Biodiversity: ch. 7
1. Climate vs. weather
2. Relationship between
elevation and latitude
3. Tropical desert
4. Temperate desert
5. Polar desert
6. Savanna
7. Prairie
8. Tundra
9. Permafrost
10. Chaparral
11. Tropical rain forest
12. Steppe
13. Veldt
14. Pampas
15. Temperate deciduous
forest
16. Taiga
17. Canopy
18. Coniferous forest
19. What causes seasons
20. Cold front
21. Warm front
22. El nino
23. La nina
Chapter 14
1. Subduction zone
2. Layers of the Earth (inner
and outer core, mantle,
crust, asthenosphere,
lithosphere)
3. Divergent, convergent,
transform faults
4. Ring of Fire
5. Examples of igneous,
sedimentary,
metamorphic rock
6. Rock cycle
7. Subsurface vs. surface
mining types
8. Hazards of subsurface
mining
9. Subsidence
10. Mineral resources available
in ocean
Ch.5 Community and Population
ecology
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
Species diversity
Species richness
Species evenness
Invasive species
Indicator species
Keystone species
Foundation species
Interspecific competition
Intraspecific competition
Resource partitioning
Predation
Camouflage
Carnivores
Parasitism
Epiphyte
Mutualism
Commensalism
Primary succession
Secondary succession
Climax community
Inertia
Constancy
Resilience
Law of competitive
exclusion
Population change formula
age structures diagram
Environmental resistance
Carrying capacity (K)
Intrinsic rate of increase (r)
Logistic growth vs.
exponential growth
Density dependent and
density independent controls
K-selected species (Kstrategist)
r-selected species (rstrategist)
Survivorship curves (late,
constant, early loss) or type
I, II, or III
Chapter 6
1. Crude birth/crude death
rates
2. Natality
3. Formula to find rate of
population change %
4. Rule of 70
5. Replacement Level
Fertility
6. Total fertility rate
7. US population changes
(baby boom, baby bust,
etc)
8. Factors that affect birth
rates (poverty, infant
mortality, education, etc)
Aquatic Biodiversity
Chapter 8
1. Zooplankton
2. Nekton
3. Benthos
4. Phytoplankton
5. Euphotic
6. Coastal zone
7. Coral reefs
8. Continental shelf
9. Where is NPP highest
10. Coastal wetlands
11. Mangrove
12. Estuary
13. Open sea
14. Intertidal zone
15. Abyssal zone
16. Bathyal zone
17. Barrier beach
18. Barrier island
19. Marine snow
20. Mid-Atlantic ridge
21. Lentic
22. Lotic
23. Littoral zone
24. Profundal
25. Limnetic
26. Overturns
27. Eutrophic lake
28. Oligotrophic lake
29. Cultural eutrophication
30. Drainage basin or
watershed
31. Floodplain zone
32. Brackish water
33. Thermocline
34. Levee
35. Stream channelization
Sustaining Biodiversity
Chapter 9
1. Intrinsic value
2. HIPPO
3. Habitat island
4. Habitat fragmentation
5. Invasive species
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
Biotic pollution
Over exploitation
Local extinction
Ecological extinction
Biological (global)
extinction
Endangered species
Threatened species
Ecotourism
Captive breeding
Seed banks
Theory of island
biogeography
Habitat Corridors
Edge effect
Wildlife refuges
Wilderness areas
National forest vs. park
CITES
Poaching
Earth Systems and Resources
Chapter 11
1. Drift net
2. Long line
3. Sonar
4. Purse-seine
5. Bottom trawling
6. Commercial extinction
7. IWC
8. Cetaceans
9. Baleen vs toothed whales
10. TEDs
11. Bycatch
12. MPA’s
13. High seas
14. Marine reserves
15. Maximum sustained yield
16. Optimum sustained yield
17. Mitigation banking
Chapter 16
1. Energy efficiency
2. Co-generation
3. Passive and active solar
heating – how it works
4. Advantages and
disadvantages to solar
heating
5. Hydroelectric power– how
it works
6. Hydropower-pros/cons
7. Wind power– how it
works
8. wind power- pros/cons
9. Biomass energy– how it
works
10. biomass energy-pros/cons
11. Geothermal energy– how
it works
12. Geothermal- pros/cons
13. Hydrogen power –how it
works
14. Hydrogen powerpros/cons
15. Green or living roof
Pollution
Chapter 17
1. Toxicity factors
2. LD50
3. Threshold level
4. Bioaccumulation
5. biomagnification
6. synergistic interactions
7. Acute vs. chronic effects
8. Teratogens
9. Mutagens
10. carcinogens
11. Nontransmissible
12. transmissible
13. HIV/AIDS
14. Malaria
15. Bioassay
16. Malnutrition vs.
undernutrition
17. CDC
18. Anemia
19. Scurvy
20. Bhopal India
21. Goiter
22. Vaccine
Chapter 18
1. Layers of the atmosphere
2. Primary and secondary
pollutants
3. Particulate matter
4. Types and sources of smog
5. Acid rain locations
6. Acid rain causes and
effects
7. Health effects and sources
of:
8. carbon monoxide,
9. asbestos
10. radon-222
11. formaldehyde,
12. Chloroform
13. particulate matter
14. Clean Air Acts
15. Emission Allowances
trading
16. Catalytic converter
17. Dioxin
18. EPA
19. NAAQS
20. Tropospheric ozone
Terrestrial Biodiversity
Chapter 10
1. Clear cutting
2. Strip cutting
3. Crown fires
4. Surface fire
5. Ground fires
6. Prescribed fires
7. Canopy
8. Rotational grazing
9. Riparian zones
10. Overgrazing
11. National forest
12. National park
13. Biosphere reserve
14. Core and buffer zones
15. Healthy Forest Restoration
Act
16. Kenaf
Chapter 12
1. Industrialized, plantation,
traditional subsistence,
traditional intensive
agriculture
2. Green Revolutions
3. Dust Bowl
4. Desertification
5. Soil salinization
6. Conservation tillage
7. Terracing, contour
planting, strip cropping,
alley cropping
8. Agroforestry
9. Crop rotation
10. Organic vs. inorganic
fertilizer
11. Land use for meat vs.
grain
12. Monoculture
13. IPM
14. Rill
15. Gully
16. Sheet erosion
Chapter 13
1. What most our water is
used for
2. Advantages and
disadvantages of damming
rivers
3. Three Gorges Dam - China
4. Colorado River Basin –
US
5. Aral Sea
6. Ogallala aquifer
7. Center pivot
8. LEPA
9. Drip irrigation
10. Flood irrigation
11. Causes of flooding
Energy
1. Chapter 15
2. Crude oil
3. Where the world’s oil is
mostly located
4. advantages, and
disadvantages of oil
5. tar sand
6. shale oil
7. bitumen
8. Where natural gas is
mostly located
9. natural gas-pros/cons
10. fracking
11. LPG vs. LNG
12. Where the world’s coal is
mostly located
13. Coal pros/cons
14. SNG
15. Bituminous
16. anthracite
17. Who uses nuclear power
18. nuclear power: pros/cons
19. U-235
20. U-238
21. breeder reactors
22. fusion vs. fission
23. control rods
24. moderator
25. coolant
26. Three Mile Island
27. Chernobyl
Chapter 18
1. Layers of the atmosphere
2. Primary and secondary
pollutants
3. Particulate matter
4. Types and sources of smog
5. Acid rain locations
6. Acid rain causes and
effects
7. Health effects and sources
of:
8. carbon monoxide,
9. asbestos
10. radon-222
11. formaldehyde,
12. Chloroform
13. particulate matter
14. Clean Air Acts
15. Emission Allowances
trading
16. Catalytic converter
17. Dioxin
18. EPA
19. NAAQS
20. Tropospheric ozone
Chapter 20
1. Point and non-point
pollution
2. Causes and health effects
of:
3. lead
4. mercury
5. arsenic
6. Factors that affect DO
7. Eutrophication
8. Prevention of groundwater
pollution
9. Prevention of oil spills
10. Clean up of oil spills in
ocean
11. Primary treatment
12. Secondary treatment
13. Tertiary treatment
14. Septic tank
15. Oxygen sag curve
16. Clean water act
17. Safe drinking water act
Chapter 21
1. Love Canal
2. Solid waste sources
3. What makes up US
landfills
4. Ways to reduce amount of
solid waste
5. The 5 R’s
6. Hazardous wastes
7. Phytoremediation
8. bioremediation
9. Plasma Arc
10. Deep underground wells
11. Surface impoundments
12. Mercury poisoning sources
and effects
13. Lead poisoning sources
and effects
14. e-waste
15. Basel convention
16. Stockholm Convention
17. Brown fields
18. Superfund
Climate Change Chapter 19
how volcanoes affect climate
Greenhouse gases
Effects of global warming
Ocean acidification
Conveyer belt current
Ways to remove CO2
Stratospheric ozone
Ozone hole
How CFC’s destroy ozone
UVA, UVB, UVC
Malignant melanoma
Cataracts
Montreal protocol