Download 2.2 Classification and Taxonomy File

Chapter 2.2 Classifying Organisms
POINT > Define prokaryote and eukaryote
POINT > Explain how we classify organisms
POINT > Define taxonomy and binomial
nomenclature
POINT > Identify the levels of classification
POINT > Define prokaryote and eukaryote
Usually we think of cells as having a nucleus:
POINT > Define prokaryote and eukaryote
Cells that have a nucleus are called eukaryotic
cells, or eukaryotes
Plant, animal, protist and fungi cells are eukaryotic
POINT > Define prokaryote and eukaryote
Cells that do not have a nucleus are called prokaryotic
cells, or prokaryotes
Bacteria and archaea cells are prokaryotic
CHECK:
What is a prokaryote?
Does a eukaryotic cell have a nucleus?
POINT > Explain how we classify organisms
There are ~ 1,200,000 identified species of living
organisms
~ 85% not yet identified!!
An organized system is needed to keep track of
all these living things
This helps scientists communicate with each other
POINT > Explain why we classify organisms
All living things are divide into three domains
1. Domain Archaea: thought to be the first living
things. These are all prokaryotes (no cell nucleus)
2. Domain Bacteria: Also prokaryotes (no cell
nucleus)
3. Domain Eukarya: includes all plants, animals, fungi
and protists. Cells in these organisms are eukaryotic
(have a cell nucleus)
CHECK:
What are the 3 domains of living things?
Do archaea cells have a nucleus?
Do bacteria cells have a nucleus?
All archaea are unicellular
All archaea are prokaryotic
Archaea live in extreme
environments: ocean vents,
hot springs, animal stomachs
Some archaea are autotrophs,
some are heterotrophs
All bacteria are unicellular
All bacteria are prokaryotic
Bacteria live in almost every
environment (including inside
you)
Some bacteria are autotrophs,
some are heterotrophs
Eukarya are both unicellular and
multicellular
All are eukaryotic
Include autotrophs and heterotrophs
Eukarya are divided into 4
groups called kingdoms
Domain Eukarya is divided into 4 Kingdoms:
1. Animals: Multicellular heterotrophs
2. Plants: Multicellular autotrophs
3. Protists: Unicellular or multicellular, autotrophs or
heterotrophs
4. Fungi: Unicellular or multicellular, all heterotrophs
CHECK:
What are 4 Kingdoms in Eukarya?
Which organisms live in hot springs or ocean
vents?
Which Kingdom is all multicellular autotrophs?
Define taxonomy and binomial nomenclature
Taxonomy is the science of classifying living
things
Binomial nomenclature is a system for
naming organisms invented by Carolus
Linnaeus (Swedish)
Define taxonomy and binomial nomenclature
Binomial nomenclature names every organism
by genus and species:
Homo sapiens
Panthera tigris
Carnegiea
gigantea
CHECK:
What is taxonomy?
Who invented binomial nomenclature?
Binomial nomenclature names organisms by
__________ and ___________ .
POINT > Identify the levels of classification
There are eight levels in the taxonomic classification
system:
1. Domain
2. Kingdom
3. Phylum
4. Class
5. Order
6. Family
7. Genus
8. Species
Homework:
Read pages 42-49
Finish Study Guide
GRAS 27-30