Download Key Figures of the Renaissance

 Powerful ruling family from Florence
 Known for presiding over the Italian Renaissance
 Rose to power through Cosimo de Medici
 Height of power with Lorenzo the Magnificent
 Bank of the Roman Catholic Church
 Advocates and patrons of the arts
 Artists including Donatello, Botticelli,
Michelangelo
 c. 1340-1400
 British writer
 The Canterbury Tales
 Troilus and Criseyde
 used English when most works
were in Latin
 Buried in Westminster Abbey
 1564-1616
 “The Bard of Avon”
 English poet and playwright
 Famous worker of The Globe
 works are the second most read in the world
 154 Sonnets
 Romeo & Juliet
 Hamlet
 Julius Caesar
 Italian family of Spanish descent
 prominent in religious and political affairs
 Two popes, many political/church leaders, one saint
 Known for treachery, corruption, murder
 Four most-famous
 Alfonso de Borgia (1378-1458): established influence in Italy; Pope
Calixtus III in 1455
 Rodrigo Borgia: cardinal of Roman Catholic church, then Pope
Alexander VI; fathered children with mistress
 Cesare Borgia (1475/76-1507): politician; tried to establish a secular
kingdom in central Italy
 Lucrezia Borgia (1480-1519): patron of the arts; skillful at political
intrigue
 1469-1527
 Italian philosopher, politician, writer
 The Prince (1513)
 Guide to the exercise of raw political power over a Renaissance
principality
 Character or skill of leader that determines success of a state
 Various ways of acquiring and maintaining state
 Success by any means. The end justifies the means.
 The Art of War (1520)
 Procedures for the acquisition, maintenance, and use of a military
force
 1492-1549
 Marguerite d’Angoulême, Queen of Navarre
 published author
 Heptameron
 based on Boccaccio’s Decameron
 collaborated with the Holy Roman
Emperor Charles V for the safe
release and return of her brother,
the King of France
 grandmother of Henry IV
 encouraged church reform
 1483-1546
 German theologian, professor, pastor, church reformer
 Inspired the Protestant Reformation with publication
of 95 Theses
 Attacked Church’s sale of indulgences
 Remission of temporal punishment due for sins
that have already been forgiven
 Advocated theology that rested on God’s grace
rather than in human works
 complete translation of Bible into
German
 excommunicated by Pope Leo X
 1473-1543
 Polish astronomer
 The Sun, not the Earth, is at
the centre of the universe.
 Earth rotates daily on its axis;
revolves yearly around the sun.
 Planets circle the sun.
 De Revolutionibus Orbium Coelestium (On the
Revolutions of the Celestial Spheres)
 seen as initiator of the Scientific Revolution
 1452-1519
 Italian Renaissance artist, sculptor, engineer, scientist,
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inventor
wrote and drew on geology, anatomy, flight, gravity,
optics, and many more
wrote in left-handed mirror script
“invented” the bicycle, airplane, helicopter,
parachute
La Gioconda
The Last Supper
The Madonna of the Rocks
The Vitruvian Man
 1483-1520
 Italian Renaissance painter, architect, designer
 Celebrated for grace and serenity
 Frequently commissioned by Pope Julius II and Pope
Leo X
 The Stanza della
Segnatura fresco in Vatican
palace
 Sistine Chapel tapestries
 many Madonnas
 1480-1521
 Portuguese explorer
 first European to cross the Pacific Ocean
 Commander of the expedition that was first to sail
around the world
 Out of 250 men, only 18 survived
 Killed in battle between rival
Filipino groups; did not see
the end of his trip
 1377-1446
 Italian goldsmith, sculptor, clock maker, architect
 Lost competition for commission of the new Baptistery
doors to Lorenzo Ghiberti
 received commission to execute dome of unfinished
Santa Maria del Fiore
 Used no centering
 Two domes in one
 Pioneer in perspective
 1475-1564
 Italian painter, sculptor, architect,
poet
 Close to the Medici family
 David
 Commission by Church for the ceiling of the Sistine
Chapel
 The Creation of Man
 1383-1466
 Florentine sculptor
 Goldsmith apprentice of Lorenzo
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Ghiberti
Accompanied Brunelleschi to Rome
Deep understanding of classical art
David
St. John the Baptist
 1304-1374
 “Father of Humanism”
 Wrote hundreds of poem to Laura
 Canzoniere
 Poet laureate of Rome
 Epistolae metricae
 Developed idea of laurel symbol
 Poetic and literary immortality
 Inventor of Petrarchan sonnet
 works as basis for modern Italian
 1509-1564
 French theologian and pastor during the Protestant
Reformation
 developed Calvinism
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Total depravity
Unconditional election
Limited atonement
Irresistible grace
Perseverance of the saints
 Institutes of the Christian Religion (1536)
 Introductory textbook on the Protestant faith
 God’s total sovereignty
 Attacked the teachings of the unorthodox, particularly Roman
Catholicism
 ca. 1400-1468
 Invented the printing press with replaceable/movable
wooden or metal letters
 Fostered rapid development in science, arts, and religion through
transmission of texts
 Gutenberg Bible
 First book to be published in volume