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Transcript
Yarmouk University Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry CHEM 341 - Physical Chemistry Meeting Times and Places Lectures: 09:30 - 11:00 AM, Mondays and Wednesdays; Room Kh426 in Khwarizmi Build. Course Instructor: Dr. Yaser A. Yousef, (Phone: 2621; email: [email protected]) Office: 206 in Chem. Bldg. Office Hours: Sundays and Thursdays, 12:00-2:00 PM. Research Labs: Laser lab, room No. 101 in Chem. Bldg and GC/MS lab No. 101 in Earth Sci. Bldg. Textbook and Reference Material Textbook: Physical Chemistry by Laidler/Meiser Copies of this textbook are available for purchase at the University Bookstore. Reference Material: General Nature of the Course CHEM 341 is an introductory physical chemistry course that focuses largely on the thermodynamic properties of chemical systems (under equilibrium conditions) and on phenomenological descriptions of chemical reaction rate processes. The material presented in the course assumes that students have a solid background in general chemistry, a rudimentary knowledge of elementary physics, and a familiarity with differential and integral calculus. The first part of the course focuses on the basic concepts, principles, and laws of classical thermodynamics, with emphasis on formulations and operational definitions most relevant to chemical systems and chemical processes. These concepts, principles, and laws are then applied to a variety of systems, processes, and properties that are routinely encountered in studies of chemical phenomena. Measurements of thermodynamic properties, characterization of thermodynamic states, and physical and chemical transformation pathways between thermodynamic states are illustrated and discussed. In CHEM 341, our treatment of chemical thermodynamics will be confined largely to classical (or phenomenological) formulations, which make no assumptions about the detailed structural and energetic properties of the constituent molecules in the bulk systems of interest. Topical Outline 1. General introduction to physical chemistry 2. Chapter 1: The nature of physical chemistry and the kinetic theory of gases, Gas laws, kinetic molecular theory of gases, Barometric distribution law, Real gases, Equation of state. 3. Chapter 2: The first law of thermodynamics, States, state functions, and reversibility, Energy heat and work, thermochemistry, Ideal gas relationships, real gases and the Joule-Thomson experiment. 4. Chapter 3: The second and third law of thermodynamics, The carnot cycle, Calculations of entropy changes, third law of thermodynamics, Thermodynamic relationships, Gibbs-Helmholtz equation, Rfrigeration and heat pumps. 5. Chapter 4: Chemical equilibrium, Chemical equilibrium involving ideal gases, Chemical equilibrium in solution, Coupling of reactions, Temperature dependence of equilibrium constants, Pressure dependence of equilibrium constants. 6. Chapter 5: Phases and solutions, Phase recognition, Vaporization and vapor pressure, classification of transition in single-component system, Raoult’s and Henry’s laws, partial molar quantities, colligative properties. 7. Chapter 6: Phase equilibria, Equilibrium between phases, Binary systems involving vapor, Condensed binary systems, Ternary systems. Problem Solving Exercises Essential to 'learning' physical chemistry are problem-solving exercises that illustrate connections between theory and experimental observation and measurement. In some cases, these exercises require applications of theoretical concepts and mathematically formulated relationships and models to the analysis and interpretation of experimental data. In other cases, they require the use of theory and calculations to predict the properties and behavior of systems not yet subjected to experimental study, or to predict the outcome of experiments being planned. Working problems in physical chemistry nearly always involves a combination of qualitative reasoning and quantitative calculations, and in many cases an essential part of the problem solving involves finding (or deriving) mathematical relationships appropriate for use in carrying out the calculations of interest. One of the characteristic features of physical chemistry is the extensive use of mathematics and mathematically formulated models to codify and relate in succinct, compact terms the findings obtained from multiple experimental observations and measurements, to express in explicit functional form the interdependencies of various physical and chemical properties (for static systems and for systems undergoing physical or chemical changes), and in some cases to show connections between the microscopic and macroscopic properties of a system. One cannot 'learn' physical chemistry without developing some understanding of, and a facility for using, its mathematical models and formulations. Problem-solving exercises provide the best means for doing that. The textbook for this course includes many illustrations of problem solving and many examples of worked problems in each chapter. It also gives extensive sets of exercises and problems (at the ends of chapters) that may be used to practice your problem-solving skills and, in the course of doing that, also enhance your understanding of physical chemistry. You are encouraged to work as many of these exercises and problems as you can find the time to do. A subset of exercises and problems (chosen from among those not worked out in the Student's Solution Manual) may be assigned as out-of-class work to be handed in and graded. Graded Work in-class exams (two) 50% final exam 50% (Some small adjustments to these weightings might become necessary, in which case I will let you know long before the semester ends.) Exam Schedule Exam 1 -- Wed, 19 March, Lecture Time Exam 2 -- Wed, 26 April, Lecture Time Final Exam – According to schedual. Good Luck