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DNA and Protein Synthesis Test
True/False
Indicate whether the sentence is true or false by choosing A for True and B for False.
____1. A nucleotide consists of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogen base.
____2. Despite years of research, the actual structure of the DNA molecule is still unknown.
____3. The strands of a DNA molecule are held together by hydrogen bonding between adenine with
guanine molecules and cytosine with thymine molecules.
____4. The five-carbon sugar in DNA is called ribose.
Completion: Choose the letter of the word that best completes the sentence.
a. DNA Replication
b. Double Helix
c. Nucleotide
d. Deoxyribose
5. Watson and Crick determined that DNA molecules have the shape of a __________________.
6. The name of the five-carbon sugar that makes up a part of the backbone of molecules of DNA is
_______________.
7. A DNA subunit composed of a phosphate group, a deoxyribose sugar, and a nitrogen-containing base
is called a ______________.
8. The process by which DNA copies its self is called _______________.
Multiple Choice: Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the
question.
_____10. During transcription what molecule is produced from DNA?
a. Proteins
b. A nucleotide
c. another copy of DNA
d. mRNA
_____11. Each group of three letters in mRNA are called a(n)?
a. exon
c. codon
b. mutagen
d. anticodon
_____12. Transcription is the process by which genetic information encoded in DNA is transferred to
a(n):
a. Transposon
b. DNA molecule
c. RNA molecule
d. uracil molecule
13. A nucleotide consists of:
a. a starch, a phosphate group, and a nitrogen base
b. a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogen base
c. a sugar, an amino acid, and starch
d. a sugar, a protein, and adenine
14. In RNA molecules, adenine is complementary to:
a. cytosine
c. guanine
b. thymine
d. uracil
15. The entire molecule shown in the diagram above is called a(n):
a. amino acid
c. nucleotide
b. pyrimidine
d. polysaccharide
16. Each of the following is a type of RNA except:
a. ribosomal RNA
c. carrier RNA
b. messenger RNA
d. transfer RNA
17. The function of RNA is to:
a. form ribosomes
c. synthesize mRNA
d. transfer amino acids to ribosomes
d. synthesize DNA
Use the diagram below of a strand of mRNA and the genetic code shown there to answer the
following questions:
mRNA: CUCAACUGCUUC
Genetic Code:
18. What is the DNA code for the mRNA above?
a. CUCAAGUGCUUC
c. AGACCTGTAGGA
b. GAGTTCACGAAG
d. GAGUUCACGAAG
19. Refer the illustrations above. The anticodons for the mRNA in the diagram are:
a. CUU-CGU-GAA-CUC
c. GAG-UUC-ACG-AAG
b. GAG-TTC-ACG-AAG
d. CUC-GAA-CGU-CUU
20. Refer to the illustration above. What protein does the mRNA above code for?
a. Pro-Glu-Leu-Val
c. Leu-Lys-Cys-Phe
b. Ser-Tyr-Arg-Gly
d. Val-Asp-Pro-His
21. As adenine is to thymine as __________ is to _____________.
a. protein: DNA
c. Watson: Crick
b. adenine: DNA
d. Guanine: Cytosine
22. RNA and DNA are different because they have different sugars and the base thymine is replaced by a base
called:
a. cytosine
c. alanine
b. codon
d. uracil
mRNA codons
UAU, UAC
CCU, CCC, CCA, CCG
GAU, GAC
AUU, AUC, AUA
UGU, UGC
Amino acid
tyrosine
proline
aspartic acid
isoleucine
cysteine
23. Suppose that you are given a protein containing the following sequence of amino acids: tyrosine,
proline, aspartic acid, isoleucine, and cystein. What is the DNA sequence that codes for this amino acid
sequence?
a. GCAAACTCGCGCGTA
c. ATGGGTCTATATACG
b. AUGGGUCUAUAUACG
d. ATAGGGCTTTAAACA
24. Which of the following is not found in DNA?
a. adenine
c. uracil
d. cytosine
d. none of the above
25. During DNA replication, a complementary strand of DNA is made for each original DNA strand. If the
original strand is CCTAGCT, then the new strand will be:
a. AACTATC
c. TTGCATG
b. CCTAGCT
d. GGATCGA
26. RNA differs from DNA because RNA
a. is single-stranded
c. contains the nitrogen base uracil
b. contains a different sugar molecule
d. all of the above
27. Codon is to mRNA as _________ is to _________.
a. P site; RNA molecule
c. Ribosome; DNA Molecule
b. Anticodon; tRNA
d. DNA; protein
28. Molecules of DNA are composed of long chains of:
a. monosaccharides
c. fatty acids
b. nucleotides
d. amino acids