Download Lower Appendicular Skeleton

Lower Appendicular Skeleton
Pelvic Girdle



Formed by two ossa coxa (hipbones) and
united anteriorly by the symphsis pubis.
The pelvic Girdle supports the weight of the
body.
Supports and protects vital organs.
Ossa Coxae

Consists of 3 separate bones.



Ilium
Ischium
Pubis
Ilium


Ilium is the largest and uppermost of the 3
pelvic bones
Iliac Crest

Anterior superior iliac spine


Can you feel it?
Posterior superior iliac Spine

Dimple
Ischium


Posterior Inferior component of the os coxae
The ischial tuberosity is the bony projection
that supports the weight of the body in a
sitting position.
Pubis


Anterior component
Forms the symphysis pubis
Sex Difference in the pelvis

To accommodate child birth a females pelvis
is…





Tilted forward
Distance between the anterior superior iliac spine
is wider (wider hips)
More spherical and wider
Symphysis pubis is shallower
Pubic arc is wider and more rounded
Lower Extremity




Thigh
Lower leg
Ankle
Foot
Thigh

Femur is the only bone of the thigh

Largest heaviest and strongest bone in the body


Takes 2000 lbs per square inch of pressure to fracture
the femoral shaft
Proximal head articulates with the acetabulum of the
os coxa

Common site for older people to fracture
Patella (knee cap)


Sesamoid bone
The patella is a traingular bone with…



Base
Apex
Articular facets.
Functions of the patella



Protect the knee joint.
Strengthen the tendon within which It is
located.
Increase the leverage action when this tendon
is pulled.
Lower Leg


Tibia
Fibula

The tibia is the larger of the two bones
Tibia
(Shinbone)

Tibial Tuberosity

This is the attachment of the patellar ligament



Medial Malleolus


Can you fell it?
This is were Interosseous (I.O.) infusion is preformed through the
flat bone surface found one finger’s width below the tibial
tuberosity
Can you feel it?
Anterior Crest

Shin bone

Furniture detector
Fibula

Long narrow bone


This bone is mainly for muscle attachment not for
support
Lateral malleolus

Can you find it?
Ankle

7 tarsal bones

Two main bones


Talus
Calcaneus

Heel of the foot
Foot



5 metatarsal bones
14 phalanges within the toes
Arches of the foot

Support the weight of the body and provide
leverage when walking


Longitudinal arch
Transverse arch
Foot

2 Arches

Support the weight of the body and provide
leverage when walking


Transverse Arch
Longitudinal arch
Medical problems associated with the
pelvic girdle and lower leg


Club foot (talipes)
Fractures (read Does a broken bone heal so it’s stronger than before?)






Femoral
Hip
Patella
Tibia
Fibula
Ankle
Club Foot


The sole of the foot is twisted medially
This is a congenital (inherited) problem
Femoral Fracture
Tibial Fracture
Fibula Fracture
Ankle Fracture
Patella Fracture