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Student self Studies Blood Groups A, B, AB, O Home Work
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http://aris.gusc.lv/06Daugavpils/Research/33BloodGroupABO.doc Student Helper self-studies in
A,B,O blood groups 2015 follows 8 questions task text
Antigenic determined A B AB O blood groups: http://aris.gusc.lv/06Daugavpils/Research/BloodGroupsS.doc
Blood groups ABO hexa saccharides: http://aris.gusc.lv/ChemFiles/AOBblood-resus/ImmunABO/2frmcont.htm
Among the first discovered and best understood of these protein-bond carbohydrates are the so-called
blood group substances. Although blood group substances are found chiefly on the surface of erythrocytes, they
are also found on proteins and lipids in other of the body. ABO system, first described in 1900, individuals are
classified according to four blood types: A, B, AB and O. Blood from individuals of the same type can be mixed
without clamping (agglutination) of erythrocytes. However, if serum of A type blood is mixed with type B
blood, or vice versa, the erythrocytes will clump. Serum from a type O individual causes clumping of both type
A and B blood. At the cellular level, the chemical basis for this classification is a relatively small, membranebound carbohydrate. Following is the composition of the hexasaccharide found on erythrocytes of individuals
with type blood. The configurations of the glycoside bonds —O— between the monosaccharides and of the
bond between the hexa saccharide complete
and an amino acid residue —OH on the
glycophorine protein chain.
Figure Trans-bilayer disposition of
glycophorin A in the erythrocyte. One
hydrophilic domain, containing all the sugar
residues are on the outer surface, and
another hydrophilic domain protrudes from
the inner face of the membrane. The hexasaccharide (containing two Gal (GalNAc),
Fuc (fucose), GlcNAc, and two GalNAc
O-linked to a Ser or Thr residue; the one
hexa-saccharide represents an
oligosaccharide chainN-linked to an Asn
residue. The relative size of the
oligosaccharide units is a bit larger than
shown here. A segment of 19 hydrophobic
residues (residues 92 to 110) forms an α
helix that traverses the membrane bilayer
(see alpha helices). The segment from
residue 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 13, 14, 15, 25,
26, 27, 35, 40, 54, 55, 57, 59, 62, 65, 67, 70,
72, 73, 81, 83, 84, 87, 90, 114, 117, 118,
122, 125, 127, 128, 129, 132, 135, 136, 137,
140, 142, 145 has some hydrophobic
residues and probably penetrates into outer
and inner face of the lipid bilayer. the
Glycophorin A spans the membrane of the
human erythrocyte via a single α-helical
transmembrane segment. erythrocyte 16
oligo-saccharide units totally
8 attachment points linked -O-Ser< Ser21, Ser30, Ser32, Ser33, Ser34, Ser41, Ser64, Ser67 ;
7 attachment points linked -O-Thr< Thr22, Thr23, Thr29, Thr31, Thr44, Thr56, Thr69 ;
1 attachment point linked -N-Asn< Asn45................................................... The C-terminus of the peptide,
whose sequence is shown here faces the cytosol of the erythrocyte; the N-terminal domain
is extracellular. Points of attachment of carbohydrate groups to amino acid side chain are indicated as symbol
Answer on 8 questions! Complete Haworth projections for blood groups A;B; AB;O!
1. What amino acid is N-terminus and C-terminus on glycophorin A chain in human erythrocytes?...
......Met1 methionine......., Gln150 glutamine......
1
O
OOO
O
O
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Student self Studies Blood Groups A, B, AB, O Home Work
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2. Haw many amino acids constitute glycophorin A in the erythrocyte chain? 150=150-1+1.............
Immunological marker in hexa saccharides is "unnatural" L series, namely L-fucose Fuc(α1→2)Gal.
Second two type antigenic determinants are linked by an α-1,3- glycoside bond —O— to D-galactose Gal.
This antigenic determinant monosaccharide is what determines the ABO classification.
In blood of type A, the chain terminates in N-acetyl-D-galactosamine (NAGal);
in type B blood, it terminates instead in
D-galactose (Gal); and
in type O blood, it is
missing completely the saccharide
the saccharide of type AB blood contain
both on hexa saccharide complete.
hemi acetal
H O H
H
H
H
O H
H
H
6
NAGal(β1→3)
O
O
H O
O 46
hemi acetal
H
O H
H
O 
6
H
H 1
H
3. Write the Haworth
O
O
6
O H
4
1
O
O
O O OH
H
projections A blood group
 O OH
3
1
O
O6 O
2
2
5
1
H
oligo saccharide 6 unit
3
N
2
H
4 O
O
O 2
O C
6 H
chain, as biochemical
NH

4
O1
N
CH3
O C
CH3
antigenic determinant and
2
CH
O C
O
3
show immunological
3
L-Fucose
H
H
CH
O
3
marker position on chain
Gal(β1→3)
4. Write the Haworth
projections B blood group
oligo saccharide 6 unit
chain, as biochemical
antigenic determinant and
show immunological
marker position on chain
H
H
O H
H
6
O
OH 
H
H O6
O
H O
O O
6
4 CH
3
HO
3
hemi acetal
NAGal(β1→3),
H
O H
H
6
O
4
5. Write the Haworth
projections AB blood
groups oligo saccharide 6
unit chain, as biochemical
antigenic determinant and
show immunological
marker position on chains
O C
6
4
CH3
Gal(β1→3)
H
O H
H
6
O
4
hemi acetal
H
O
OH 
O
H 4
H O
O C
3
CH3
O H
O6 O
H
O H
4 6
O

O OH
O
HO
1
O
H
hemi acetal
H
5 carbon
CH3
NH
CH3
3
6
O C
NH
1
O
O H
empty →
6. Write the Haworth
projections O blood
group oligo saccharide
6 unit chain, as
biochemical antigenic
determinant and show
immunological marker
position on chains

2
2
L-Fucose
H
H
O
3
2
2
2
CH3 O
3
H O H
1
1
H
H
O H
O
H O6
O  46 H O
O 
H 1
1
O
O O OH
H
O H
46
O
 O OH
3
N
H
O
O
O
HO
CH3
CH3
hemi acetal
H
O H
5 carbon
O C
NH
O C
NH
L-Fucose
H O6
O
OH 

2
2
2
2
21
O H
H
1
3
H
O
OH
4
 O
5
H O H
H
O H
H
6
O
H O
O  46
O 
H 1
1
O
O O OH
1 3
H
O H
6
O
O
O
4
O H
hemi acetal
H
hemi acetal
H

1
2
2
O C
H
H
O H
O
H O6
O 46 H O
O 
H 1
1
O
O O OH
NH
3
2
2
O C
NH
erythrocyte
-O-Ser< 7 links
-O-Thr< 8 links
-N-Asn< 1 link
cell wall protein
7 serine Ser ,
8 threonine Thr ,
1 asparagine Asn
residues
CH3
CH3
1
2
L-Fucose
hemi acetal
H O H
H

H
O H
H
6
O H  OH
O
H O
O 46
O

H
6
H

H O
O 46
1
1
O
O
O O OH
empty
H
3
O
O OH
1
2
2
1
3
hemi acetal
NH
2
2
5
O C
O
NH
O
CH3
O
C
6 H
CH3
O1
4
CH3

2
glycosidic
H O
3
L-Fucose
H
O
erythrocyte
-O-Ser< 7 links
-O-Thr< 8 links
-N-Asn< 1 link
cell wall protein
7 serine Ser ,
8 threonine Thr ,
1 asparagine Asn
residues
7. What three amino acids on glycophorin chain to which links hexa saccharides and what glycosidic bonds
linked to each amino acid!-O-Ser,-O-Thr,-N-Asn........................
H
2
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Student self Studies Blood Groups A, B, AB, O Home Work
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8. Show on Haworth projection hemi acetal oxygen arrows →-O- and glycosidic oxygen arrows →-O-!
3