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Equine viral
Rhinopnemonitis
Mild infectious respiratory disease in
young horses characterized by
1)upper respiratory infection in young
horses
2)Abortion in mares
3)septicemia and viremia in neonatal
foals
4)Nervous signs in adult horses
Etiology
Caused by 4 herpes viruses
1)EHV.4 cause outbreak infection
2) EHV.1 subtype one cause abortion
and subtype 2 cause respiratory signs
3) EHV.2
4) EHV.3
1st tow viruses occur in horses and
most common
Epidimiology
Disease was reported in
many European countries
and USA ,in Iraq has not
been diagnosed and
reported.
Source of infection
nasal discharge and aborted
fetus main source of infection
,the virus can survive outside
animal body about 14-45 days
Transmition
1)inhalation
2)ingested of contaminated
food and water
Clinical signs
1)upper respiratory infection in
young horses.
Incubation period 2-20 days ,fever but appetite
is normal ,congictivitis, Rhinitis serous
discharge and cough .
The course of disease 2-5 days,the disease
usually unapparent, in some horses slight
enlargement of submandibular L.N and in
others diarrhea and edema
2) Abortion in mares occur during last of
pregnancy and no retained placenta
3)septicemia and viremia in neonatal foals
The foals normal or weak and may dead
about few days
4)Nervous signs in adult horses or
paralysis syndrome there is ataxia,
paresis, recumbence, and death ,this
syndrome occur in outbreak
Complications
The main complications secondary bacterial
invasion result in pneumonia
D.Diagnosis
1)Strangles
2)catarrhal Rhinitis
3)Equine viral arteritis
4)Equine influenza
5)purpura hemorrhagica
Diagnosis
1)clinical signs
2)Necropsy and histology
Sever pulmonary congestion ,focal hepatic necrosis
,intraneuclear inclusion bodies and pneumonia.
3)Viral isolation from aborted fetus using tissue
culture and immunofloracent tech.
4)Serology. By using direct florescent Ab test and
ELISA
5)Heamatology: Leokopenia
Treatment
There is no specific treatment but
adminsteration of antibiotic for 2nd bacterial
invasion and treatment should be continuous
4-6 days.
Control
1)Isolation of all infected animals.
2)aborted fetus should be disposed
3)vaccination for suckling foals and
mares by using:
killed vaccine.
live attenuated vaccine. (hamster
adapted and cell culture adapted).