Download The Ankle and Foot Joints

19-1
Kinesiology for Manual Therapies
Chapter 19
The Ankle and Foot Joints
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19-2
Learning Outcomes
19-1 Define key terms.
o 19-2 Identify on a human skeleton
the most important bony features,
ligaments, and arches of the ankle
and foot.
o
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19-3
Learning Outcomes (cont.)
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19-3 Draw and label on a skeletal
chart the muscles, including the
origins and insertions, of the ankle
and foot.
19-4 Demonstrate the active and
passive movements of the ankle
and foot with a partner.
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19-4
Learning Outcomes (cont.)
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19-5 Explore on a partner the
superficial joint structures and
muscles, including origins and
insertions, of the ankle and foot.
19-6 List and organize the muscles
that produce movement of the
ankle and foot and list their
antagonists.
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19-5
Learning Outcomes (cont.)

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19-7 Practice flexibility and
strengthening exercises for each
muscle group.
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19-6
Introduction
Good shoes, proper foot mechanics,
massage therapy, strength training, and
appropriate stretching can support health
feet.

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19-7
Walking Gait Cycle
Walking and running consist of stance
and swing phases.
 The stance consists of heel-strike,
midstance, and toe-off.
 The swing phase occurs when the foot
leaves the ground.

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19-8
Walking Gait Cycle
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19-9
Gait Assessment for Muscle
Weakness
The Trendelenburg test assess gluteus
medius weakness.
 This test is important for gait assessment
and a weak gluteus medius can affect the
low back.

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19-10
Bones
Each foot has 26 bones.
 The body weight is transferred from the
tibia to the talus and the calcaneus.
 There are 5 other tarsals including the 3
cuneiform bones, the navicular, and the
cuboid.

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19-11
Bones (cont.)
There are 5 metatarsals and 14
phalanges.
 The bony protrusions of the distal tibia
and fibula are known as the malleoli.

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19-12
Bones (cont.)
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19-13
Bones (cont.)
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19-14
Joints
The tibia and fibula form the
tibiofibular joint connected by ligaments.
 The ankle joint is called the talocrural
joint and is a hinge or ginglymus-type
joint.

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19-15
Joints (cont.)
Inversion and eversion occur in the
subtalar and transverse tarsal joints and
are classified as gliding or arthrodial.
 The metatarsophalangeal (MP) joints
are condyloid-type joints.
 The phalanges have hinge joints in the
IP and DIP joints.

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19-16
Joints (cont.)
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19-17
Joints (cont.)
All 26 bones are connected with ligaments.
 The ankle is often sprained in an inversion
sprain.
 There are two longitudinal arches; the medial
longitudinal arch and the lateral longitudinal
arch.
 There is also a transverse arch.

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19-18
Joints (cont.)
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19-19
Movements
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Movements (cont.)
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19-21
Movements (cont.)
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19-22
Movements (cont.)
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Movements (cont.)
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19-24
Ankle and Foot Muscles
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19-25
Ankle and Foot Muscles (cont.)
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19-26
Ankle and Foot Muscles (cont.)
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19-27
Ankle and Foot Muscles (cont.)
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19-28
Ankle and Foot Muscles (cont.)
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Ankle and Foot Muscles (cont.)
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Ankle and Foot Muscles (cont.)
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19-31
Ankle and Foot Muscles (cont.)
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19-32
Nerves
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19-33
Individual Muscles of the Leg, Ankle,
and Foot – Posterior Compartment
Gastrocnemius
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19-34
Individual Muscles of the Leg, Ankle,
and Foot (cont.) – Posterior
Compartment Gastrocnemius
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19-35
Individual Muscles of the Leg, Ankle,
and Foot – Posterior Compartment
Soleus
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19-36
Individual Muscles of the Leg, Ankle,
and Foot (cont.) – Posterior
Compartment Soleus
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19-37
Individual Muscles of the Leg, Ankle,
and Foot (cont.) – Posterior
Compartment Tibialis Posterior
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19-38
Individual Muscles of the Leg, Ankle,
and Foot (cont.) – Posterior
Compartment Tibialis Posterior
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19-39
Individual Muscles of the Leg, Ankle,
and Foot (cont.) – Posterior
Compartment Flexor Digitorum Longus
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19-40
Individual Muscles of the Leg, Ankle,
and Foot (cont.) – Posterior
Compartment Flexor Digitorum Longus
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19-41
Individual Muscles of the Leg, Ankle,
and Foot (cont.) – Posterior
Compartment Flexor Hallucis Longus
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19-42
Individual Muscles of the Leg, Ankle,
and Foot (cont.) – Posterior
Compartment Flexor Hallucis Longus
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19-43
Individual Muscles of the Leg, Ankle,
and Foot (cont.) – Lateral Compartment
Peroneus Longus
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19-44
Individual Muscles of the Leg, Ankle,
and Foot (cont.) – Lateral Compartment
Peroneus Longus
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19-45
Individual Muscles of the Leg, Ankle,
and Foot (cont.) – Lateral Compartment
Peroneus Brevis
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19-46
Individual Muscles of the Leg, Ankle,
and Foot (cont.) – Lateral Compartment
Peroneus Brevis
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19-47
Individual Muscles of the Leg, Ankle,
and Foot (cont.) – Lateral Compartment
Peroneus Tertius
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19-48
Individual Muscles of the Leg, Ankle,
and Foot (cont.) – Lateral Compartment
Peroneus Tertius
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Individual Muscles of the Leg, Ankle,
and Foot (cont.) – Anterior Compartment
Tibialis Anterior
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19-49
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Individual Muscles of the Leg, Ankle,
and Foot (cont.) – Anterior Compartment
Tibialis Anterior
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19-50
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Individual Muscles of the Leg, Ankle,
and Foot (cont.) – Anterior Compartment
Extensor Digitorum Longus
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19-51
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Individual Muscles of the Leg, Ankle,
and Foot (cont.) – Anterior Compartment
Extensor Digitorum Longus
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19-52
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Individual Muscles of the Leg, Ankle,
and Foot (cont.) – Anterior Compartment
Extensor Hallucis Longus
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19-53
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Individual Muscles of the Leg, Ankle,
and Foot (cont.) – Anterior Compartment
Extensor Hallucis Longus
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19-54
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19-55
Intrinsic Muscles of the Foot
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19-56
Intrinsic Muscles of the Foot (cont.)
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19-57
Intrinsic Muscles of the Foot (cont.)
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19-58
Intrinsic Muscles of the Foot (cont.)
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Chapter Summary
The bones, joints, movements,
muscles, and nerves of the leg, ankle,
and foot are explored in this chapter.

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19-60
Chapter Summary (cont.)
Individual muscles of the leg, ankle, and
foot are reviewed in depth with regard to
palpation, origin, insertion, action, and
innervation.
 Each muscle includes information with
clinical notes, muscle specifics, clinical
flexibility and strengthening.

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19-61
Chapter Review
The Chapter Review is divided into true
and false, short answers, and multiple
choice questions.
 The questions are designed for the
students to test their knowledge.
 Worksheets are at the end of the text as
an aid for learning.

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Explore and Practice
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Students should utilize the questions and
charts at the end of the chapter to help
focus on the content of the chapter.
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