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CH1 affluenza agricultural revolution biodiversity common-property resource conservation conservationist developed country developing country doubling time durability earth-centered environmental worldview ecological footprint ecologist ecology economic development economic growth environment environmental degradation environmental ethics environmental movement environmental revolution environmental science environmental scientist environmental wisdom worldview environmental worldview environmentalism environmentalist environmentally sustainable economic development environmentally sustainable society EPA exponential growth free-access resource frontier environmental worldview globalization gross domestic product (GDP) human-centered environmental worldviews hunter - gatherers industrial - medical revolution information and globalization revolution input pollution control LDC maximum sustainable yield MDC multiple use natural capital nonpoint source nonrenewable resource output pollution control per capita ecological footprint per capita GDP perpetual resource planetary management worldview point source pollutant pollution pollution cleanup pollution prevention recycling renewable resource reuse rule of 70 solar capital stewardship worldview sustainability sustainable development sustainable living sustainable yield tragedy of the commons CH2 acidic solution (p. 36) basic solution (p. 36) biodegradable pollutants (p. 40) chlorinated hydrocarbons (p. 37) chromosomes (p. 38) compounds (p. 34) concentration (p. 40) consensus science (p. 32) deductive reasoning (p. 31) degradable (nonpersistent) pollutants (p. 40) electromagnetic radiation (p. 43) energy (p. 42) energy efficiency (p. 46) energy quality (p. 44) feedback loop (p. 33) first law of thermodynamics (p. 45) flows (p. 33) frontier science (p. 32) half-life (p. 40) high-quality energy (p. 44) high-quality matter (p. 38) high-throughput economies (p. 46) inductive reasoning (p. 31) inorganic compounds (p. 36) inputs (p. 33) isotopes (p. 35) junk science (p. 32) kinetic energy (p. 42) law of conservation of energy (p. 45) law of conservation of matter (p. 39) low-quality energy (p. 44) low-quality matter (p. 38) low-throughput economy (p. 46) material efficiency (p. 38) matter (p. 34) matter quality (p. 38) matter-recycling economy (p. 46) negative feedback loop (p. 33) neutral solution (p. 36) nondegradable pollutants (p. 40) nuclear fission (p. 40) nuclear fusion (p. 41) organic compounds (p. 36) paradigm shifts (p. 31) persistence (p. 40) pH (p. 36) positive feedback loop (p. 33) potential energy (p. 43) radioactive isotopes (radioisotopes) (p. 40) resource productivity (p. 38) science (p. 29) scientific (natural) law (p. 30) scientific theory (p. 30) second law of thermodynamics (p. 45) slowly degradable (persistent) pollutants (p. 40) synergistic interaction (p. 34) system (p. 33) throughputs (p. 33) time delays (p. 33) CH3 abiotic (p. 56) aerobic respiration (p. 60) anaerobic respiration (p. 60) aquatic life zones (p. 56) atmosphere (p. 54) biomass (p. 63) biomes (p. 56) biosphere (p. 53) biotic (p. 56) carbon cycle (p. 73) carnivores (p. 60) chemosynthesis (p. 60) community (p. 53) consumer (p. 60) decomposers (p. 60) detritivores (p. 60) dissolved oxygen (DO) content (p. 58) distribution (p. 53) ecological efficiency (p. 64) ecosystem (p. 53) food chain (p. 63) food web (p. 63) fossil fuels (p. 73) freshwater life zones (p. 56) genetic diversity (p. 53) gross primary productivity (GPP) (p. 66) habitat (p. 53) herbivore (p. 60) humus (p. 68) hydrologic (water) cycles (p. 70) hydrosphere (p. 54) infiltration (p. 69) leaching (p. 69) limiting factor (p. 57) limiting factor principle (p. 57) lithosphere (p. 54) natural greenhouse effect (p. 56) net primary productivity (NPP) (p. 66) nitrogen cycle (p. 74) nitrogen fixation (p. 74) nutrient (p. 70) omnivores (p. 60) organism (p. 52) phosphorous cycle (p. 76) photosynthesis (p. 58) population (p. 53) primary consumers (p. 60) producers (p. 58) pyramid of energy flow (p. 64) range of tolerance (p. 57) salinity (p. 58) secondary consumers (p. 60) soil (p. 67) soil horizons (p. 68) soil profile (p. 68) soil texture (p. 70) species (p. 52) stratosphere (p. 54) sulfur cycle (p. 77) tertiary (higher level) consumers (p. 60) trophic level (p. 63) troposphere (p. 54) weathering (p. 67) CH4 adaptation (p. 86) artificial selection (p. 94) background extinction (p. 93) biological evolution (p. 83) biopharming (p. 96) chemical evolution (p. 83) differential reproduction (p. 86) ecological niche (p. 89) endemic species (p. 92) extinction (p. 92) fossils (p. 85) fundamental niche (p. 89) generalist species (p. 89) genetic engineering (p. 95) genetically modified organisms (GMOs) (p. 95) geographic isolation (p. 92) mass extinction (p. 93) microevolution mutations (p. 85) natural selection (p. 83) niche (p. 89) realized niche (p. 89) recombinant DNA (p. 95) reproductive isolation (p. 92) specialist species (p. 89) speciation (p. 91) CH5 biomes (p. 106) broadleaf deciduous trees (p. 119) broadleafevergreen plants(p. 117) climate (p. 101) coniferous evergreen trees (p. 120) elevation (p. 101) forest (p. 117) grasslands (p. 111) greenhouse effect (p. 104) greenhouse gases (p. 104) latitude (p. 101) monsoons (p. 105) permafrost (p. 114) succulent plants (p. 108) weather (p. 101) CH 6 barrier islands (p. 133) benthos (p. 128) coastal wetland (p. 129) coastal zone (p. 129) coral reefs (p. 133) cultural eutrophication (p. 138) decomposers (p. 128) estuary (p. 129) euphotic zone (p. 128) eutrophic lake (p. 138) freshwater life zones (p. 136) inland wetlands (p. 140) intertidal zone (p. 131) lakes (p. 136) mangrove swamps (p. 129) mesotrophic lake (p. 138) nekton (p. 128) oligotrophic lake (p. 138) open sea (p. 135) phytoplankton (p. 128) plankton (p. 128) runoff (p. 138) surface water (p. 138) ultraplankton (p. 128) watershed (p. 138) zooplankton (p. 128) CH 7 climax community (p. 158) commensalism (p. 155) constancy (p. 158) ecological succession (p. 155) foundation species (p. 149) indicator species (p. 146) inertia (p. 158) interspecific competition (p. 150) keystone species (p. 148) mutualism (p. 154) native species (p. 145) nonnative species (p. 145) parasitism (p. 153) persistence (p. 158) predation (p. 151) primary succession (p. 155) resilience (p. 158) resource partitioning (p. 150) secondary succession (p. 155) species diversity (p. 145) species evenness (p. 145) species richness (p. 145) CH 8 age structure (p. 162) asexual reproduction (p. 167) biotic potential (p. 163) carrying capacity (K) (p. 163) dieback (crash) (p. 164) environmental resistance (p. 163) exponential growth (p. 163) intrinsic rate of increase (r) (p. 163) K-selected species (p. 168) logistic growth (p. 164) population density (p. 165) population dispersion population distribution (p. 162) population dynamics (p. 161) r-selected species (p. 167) sexual reproduction (p. 167) survivorship curve (p. 169) CH 9 age structure (p. 178) crude birth rate (p. 173) crude death rate (p. 174) demographic transition (p. 182) emigration (p. 177) family planning (p. 184) fertility (p. 174) immigration (p. 177) infant mortality rate (p. 177) life expectancy (p. 177) migration (p. 177) population change (p. 173) replacement-level fertility (p. 174) total fertility rate (TFR) (p. 174)