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Pelvic Girdle And Lower Limb Laboratory Exercise 16 Background The pelvic girdle includes two coxae (hip bones) that articulate with each other anteriorly at the symphysis pubis and posteriorly with the sacrum. Together, the pelvic girdle, sacrum, and coccyx comprise the pelvis. The pelvis, in turn, provides support for the trunk of the body and provides attachments for the lower limbs. The bones of the lower limb form the framework of the thigh, leg, and foot. Each limb includes a femur, a patella, a tibia, a fibula, seven tarsals, five metatarsals, and fourteen phalanges. Materials Needed Textbook Articulated human skeleton Disarticulated human skeleton Male and female pelves Purpose of the Exercise Examine the bones of the pelvic girdle and lower limb and identify the major features of these bones. Procedure 1. Label figures 16.1, 16.2, 16.3, 16.4, 16.5, and 16.6. 2. Examine the bones of the pelvic girdle and locate as many features as possible. 3. Compare the male and female pelves. 4. Examine the bones and features of the lower limb 5. Identify these same bones and features on your own skeleton. 6. Complete Parts A, B, and C. 1 Critical Thinking Application Examine the male and female pelves. Look for major differences between them. Note especially the flare of the iliac bones, the angle of the pubic arch, the distance between the ischial spines and ischial tuberosities, and the curve and width of the sacrum. In what ways are the differences you observed related to the function of the female pelvis as a birth canal? Figure 16.1 Label the bones of the pelvis (posterior view). Figure 16.2 Label the lateral view (right) and the medial view (left) of the right coxa. 2 Figure 16.3 Label the features of the anterior surface (left) and posterior surface (right) of the right femur. Figure 16.4 Label the bones and features of the right tibia and fibula in this anterior view. 3 Figure 16.5 Label the bones and features of the right knee (posterior view). Figure 16.6 Label the bones of the superior surface of the right foot. 4 Part A Complete the following statements: 1. The pelvic girdle consists of two _______________. 2. The head of the femur articulates with the _______________ of the coxa. 3. The _______________ is the largest portion of the coxa. 4. The distance between the _______________ represents the shortest diameter of the pelvic outlet 5. The pubic bones come together anteriorly to form the joint called the _______________. 6. The _______________ is the portion of the ilium that causes the prominence of the hip. 7. When a person sits, the _______________ of the ischium supports the weight of the body. 8. The angle formed by the pubic bones below the symphysis pubis is called the _______________. 9. The _______________ is the largest foramen in the skeleton. 10. The ilium joins the sacrum at the _______________ joint. 5 Part B Match the bones in column B with the bones and features in column A. Place the letter of your choice in the space provided. ___ 1. Middle phalanx a. Carpals ___ 2. Lesser trochanter b. Fibula ___ 3. Medial malleolus c. Metatarsald ___ 4. Fovea capitis d. Patella ___ 5. Calcaneus e. Phalanges ___ 6. Lateral cuneiform f. Tarsals ___ 7. Tibial tuberosity g. Tibia ___ 8. Talus ___ 9. Linea aspera ___10. Lateral malleolus ___11. Sesamoid bone ___12. Five bones that form the instep 6 Part C Identify the bones and features indicated in the radiographs (X rays) of figures 16.7, 16.8, and 16.9. Figure 16.7 Identify the bones and features indicated on this radiograph of the pelvic region. Figure 16.8 Identify the bones indicated on this radiograph of the right foot (medial view). 7 Figure 16.9 Identify the bones and features indicated on this radiograph of the knee. 8