Download Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limb Lab

Pelvic Girdle
And Lower Limb
Laboratory Exercise 16
Background
The pelvic girdle includes two coxae (hip bones) that articulate with each other
anteriorly at the symphysis pubis and posteriorly with the sacrum. Together, the
pelvic girdle, sacrum, and coccyx comprise the pelvis. The pelvis, in turn,
provides support for the trunk of the body and provides attachments for the lower
limbs.
The bones of the lower limb form the framework of the thigh, leg, and foot. Each
limb includes a femur, a patella, a tibia, a fibula, seven tarsals, five metatarsals,
and fourteen phalanges.
Materials Needed
Textbook
Articulated human skeleton
Disarticulated human skeleton
Male and female pelves
Purpose of the Exercise
Examine the bones of the pelvic girdle and lower limb and identify the major
features of these bones.
Procedure
1. Label figures 16.1, 16.2, 16.3, 16.4, 16.5, and 16.6.
2. Examine the bones of the pelvic girdle and locate as many features as
possible.
3. Compare the male and female pelves.
4. Examine the bones and features of the lower limb
5. Identify these same bones and features on your own skeleton.
6. Complete Parts A, B, and C.
1
Critical Thinking Application
Examine the male and female pelves. Look for major differences between them.
Note especially the flare of the iliac bones, the angle of the pubic arch, the
distance between the ischial spines and ischial tuberosities, and the curve and
width of the sacrum. In what ways are the differences you observed related to
the function of the female pelvis as a birth canal?
Figure 16.1 Label the bones of the pelvis (posterior view).
Figure 16.2 Label the lateral view (right) and the medial view (left) of the right
coxa.
2
Figure 16.3 Label the features of the anterior surface (left) and posterior surface
(right) of the right femur.
Figure 16.4 Label the bones and features of the right tibia and fibula in this
anterior view.
3
Figure 16.5 Label the bones and features of the right knee (posterior view).
Figure 16.6 Label the bones of the superior surface of the right foot.
4
Part A
Complete the following statements:
1. The pelvic girdle consists of two _______________.
2. The head of the femur articulates with the _______________ of the coxa.
3. The _______________ is the largest portion of the coxa.
4. The distance between the _______________ represents the shortest
diameter of the pelvic outlet
5. The pubic bones come together anteriorly to form the joint called the
_______________.
6. The _______________ is the portion of the ilium that causes the prominence
of the hip.
7. When a person sits, the _______________ of the ischium supports the
weight of the body.
8. The angle formed by the pubic bones below the symphysis pubis is called the
_______________.
9. The _______________ is the largest foramen in the skeleton.
10. The ilium joins the sacrum at the _______________ joint.
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Part B
Match the bones in column B with the bones and features in column A. Place the
letter of your choice in the space provided.
___ 1. Middle phalanx
a. Carpals
___ 2. Lesser trochanter
b. Fibula
___ 3. Medial malleolus
c. Metatarsald
___ 4. Fovea capitis
d. Patella
___ 5. Calcaneus
e. Phalanges
___ 6. Lateral cuneiform
f. Tarsals
___ 7. Tibial tuberosity
g. Tibia
___ 8. Talus
___ 9. Linea aspera
___10. Lateral malleolus
___11. Sesamoid bone
___12. Five bones that form the instep
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Part C
Identify the bones and features indicated in the radiographs (X rays) of figures
16.7, 16.8, and 16.9.
Figure 16.7 Identify the bones and features indicated on this radiograph of the
pelvic region.
Figure 16.8 Identify the bones indicated on this radiograph of the right foot
(medial view).
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Figure 16.9 Identify the bones and features indicated on this radiograph of the
knee.
8