Download Midterm vocab list

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Elements
Compounds
Atomic number
Atomic mass
Isotopes
Electron shell
Valence shell
Orbitals
Chemical bonds
Covalent bonds
Nonpolar covalent
bonds
Polar covalent bond
Ionic bond
Hydrogen bond
Van der wahls
interactions
Chemical equilibrium
Cohesion
Surface tension
Specific heat
Evaporative cooling
Heat of vaporization
Hydrophilic
Hydrophobic
Molarity
Solute
Solvent
Molecular mass
pH
buffers
ocean acidification
acid precipitation
hydrocarbons
isomers
structural isomers
cist ran isomers
enantiomers
functional groups
ATP
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Polymers
Monomers
Monosacharides
Disacharides
Polysaccharides
Triacylglycerols
Phospholipids
RNA
DNA
Light microscopy
Electron microscopy
Cell fractionation
Plasma membrane
Prokaryotic cells
Organelles
Eukaryotic cells
Cytoskeleton
Microtubules
Cilia
Flagella
Microfilaments
Cytoplasmic
streaming
Intermediate
filaments
Cell walls
Extracellular matrix
Plasmodesmata
Tight junctions
Desmosomes
Gap junctions
Fluid mosaic model
Amphipatic
Integral proteins
Peripheral proteins
Glycoproteins
Glycolipids
Selective
permeability
Transport proteins
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Aquaporins
Diffusion
Concentration
gradient
Osmosis
Hypertonic
Hypotonic
Isotonic
Osmoregulation
Passive transport
Facilitated diffusion
Ion channels
Gated channels
Active transport
Sodium-potassium
pump
Electrochemical
gradient
Electrogenetic
pumps
Proton pumps
Cotransport
Exocytosis
Endocytosis
Phagocytosis
Pinocytosis
Receptor-mediated
endocytosis
Metabolism
Enzymes
Metabolic pathways
Catabolic
Anabolic
Energy
Kinetic energy
Thermal energy
Potential energy
Chemical energy
The first law of
thermodynamics
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Second law of
thermodynamics
Spontaneous
processes
Entropy
Free energy
Exergonic
Endergonic
Energy coupling
Phosphorylated
intermediate
Active energy
Enzymes
Active sites
Substrate
Induced fit
Competitive inhibitor
Noncompetitive
inhibitor
Allosteric regulation
Feedback inhibition
Fermentation
Cellular respiration
Aerobic respiration
Redox reaction
Oxidation
Reduction
NAD+
Electron transport
chain
Glycolysis
Citric acid cycle
Oxidative
phosphorylation
Acetyl COA
Proton motive force
ATP synthase
Chemiosmosis
Alcohol fermentation
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Lactic acid
fermentation
Beta oxidation
Autotrophic
Chloroplasts
Thylakoids
Photosynthesis
Light reactions
NADPH
Calvin Cycle
Stroma
Visible light
Wave length
Chlorophyll a
Photon
Photosystem 1
Linear Electron Flow
Cyclic electron flow
C3 plants
Photorespiration
C4 plants
Bundle-sheath cells
CAM plants
Signal transduction
pathways
Local regulators
Hormones
Ligand
G protein coupled
receptors
G proteins
Receptor Tyrosine
Kinases
Ligand-gated ion
channel
Protein kinases
Protein
phosphatases
Second messenger
Cyclic AMP
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Adenylyl cyclase
Diaglycerol
Scaffolding proteins
Apoptosis
Cell division
Genome
Chromosomes
Chromatin
Gametes
Somatic cells
Sister chromatids
Centromeres
Mitosis
Cytokineses
Interphase
G1
S
G2
Mitotic phase
Mitotic spindle
Centrosomes
Kinectochoress
Metaphase plate
Cleavage
Cell plate
Binary fission
Cell cycle control
system
Cylcins
Cyckin-dependant
kinases
Checkpoints
Density dependent
inhibition
Anchorage
dependence
Malignant tumors
Metastasis
Gene
Locus
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Asexual reproduction
Sexual reproduction
Karyotype
Somatic cells
Diploid
Homologous
Autosomes
Sex chromosomes
Life cycle
Haploid gametes
Meiosis
Fertilization
Zygote
Recombinant
chromosomes
Law of segregation
Alleles
Monohybrids
Heterozygotes
Dominant allele
Recessive allele
Homozygotes
True-breeding
Law of independent
assortment
Dihybrids
Multiplication rule
Addition rule
Multi-factorial
Pedigrees
Carriers
Chromosome theory
of inheritance
Sex-linked genes
X-linked
Barr body
Parental types
Recombinant types
Linked genes
Crossing over
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Linkage map
Genetic map
Trisomy
Polyploidy
Deletions
Duplications
Inversions
Translocations
Genomic imprinting
Phages
Double helix
Antiparallel
DNA replication
Semiconservative
Replication fork
Mismatch pair
Nucleotide excision
repair
Nucleases
Telomeres
Telomerase
Nucleoid
Chromatin
Histones
Nucleosomes
Euchromatin
Heterochromatin
Gene expression
Transcription
Template strand
Translation
mRNA
codons
reading frame
RNA polymerase
Promoter
TATA box
Transcription factors
Transcription
initiation complex
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RNA processing
5’ cap
Poly-A Tail
Introns
Exons
RNA Splicing
Spliceosomes
Alternative RNA
splicing
Transfer RNA’s tRNA
Ribozymes
Aminoacyl-tRNA
synthetase
Anticodon
Ribosome
Ribosomal RNA
Polyribosome
Signal peptide
Signal recognition
particle
Mutations
Point mutations
Nucleotide pair
substitutions
Missense
Nonsense mutations
Insertions
Frameshift
mutations
Mutagens
Differentiation
Morphogenesis
Cytoplasmic
determinants
Induction
Pattern formation
Positional
information
Morphogens
Maternal effects
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Bicoid
Proto-oncogens
Tumor-suppressor
genes
Oncogenes
Virus
Viral envelope
Capsid
Host range
Phages
Lyctic cycle
Lysogenic cycle
Retrovirus
HIV
Reverse transciptase
provirus
Vaccine
Viroids
Prions
Gene cloning
Genetic engineering
Restriction enzymes
Restriction sites
Sticky ends
Restriction
fragments
DNA ligase
Recombinant DNA
Cloning vectors
Plasmids
Bacterial artificial
chromosome
Genomic
Complementary DNA
libraries
Nucleic acid
hybridization
Nucleic acid probe
Expression vectors
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Polymerase chain
reaction
Gel electrophoreses
Southern blotting
Restriction fragment
length
polymorphisms
DNA microarray
Genome-wide
association studies
Single nucleotide
polymorphisms
Stem cells
Pluripotent
Gene therapy
Transgenic
Short tandem
repeats
Genetic profile
Human genome
project
Linkage map
Physical mapping
Gene annotation
Bioinformatics
Genomics
Proteomics
Pseudogenes
Repetitive DNA
Transposable
elements
Transposans
Retrotransposans
Simple sequence
DNA
Homeobox
Catastrophism
Uniformitarianism
Adaptations
Natural selection
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Homology
Convergent
evolution
Genetic variation
Population
Gene pool
Hardy Weinberg
Principle
Genetic drift
Gene flow
Relative fitness
Sexual selection
Natural variation
Species
Biological species
concept
Morphological
specific concept
Allopatric speciation
Sympatric speciation
Hybrid zones
Reinforcement
Fossil record
Fossils
Plate tectonics
Mass extinctions
Adaptive radiations
Binomial
Genus
Phylogenetic trees
Homology
Analogy
Clade
Shared derived
characters
Orthologous genes
Paralogous genes
Molecular clocks
Domains
Photoautotrophy
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Chemoautotrophy
Photoheterotroph
Chemoheterotrophy
Obligate aerobes
Obligate anaerobes
Facultative
anaerobes
Nitrogen fixation
Biofilms
Exotoxins
Endotoxins
Protists
Mixotrophs
Endosymbiosis
Algae
Secondary
endosymbiosis
Brown algae
Thallus
holdfast
stipe
blades
alternation of
generation
heteromorphic
isomorphic
oomycetes
red algae
green algae
producers