Download Biophysics

Published on Second Faculty of Medicine of Charles University (
http://www.lf2.cuni.cz)
Biophysics
Submitted by Marie Havlová on 23. September 2011 - 0:00
Syllabus of Biophysics course
1st year of MD curriculum in general medicine
Physical units and systems; unit conversions
Biomechanics, biomechanical properties of tissues
Biomechanical properties of connective tissues
Harmonic motion (kinetics, dynamics, energy; Hooke's law)
Mechanics of solid body (elasticity, elastic properties, Young's modulus)
Biomechanics of circulatory system (hearth, vessels, blood, blood flow)
Ideal fluid Bernoulli's equation, equation of continuity
Real fluids and blood circulation (hydrodynamics of blood circulation, blood flow)
Viscosity of liquids and blood (laminar flow, Poiseuille's law, factors affecting it,
methods of determination)
Blood pressure and methods of its measurement
Diffusion, osmosis, hemodialysis (Flick's laws)
Fourier transform
Mechanical oscillation, longitudinal and transverse oscillation
Principle of sound propagation, speed of sound propagation, acoustic speed,
acoustic pressure
Acoustic impedance, sound intensity, level of sound intensity, perception of
intensity
Timbre of sound, pitch of sound
Units employed in physiological acoustics
Biophysics of the auditory apparatus
Audiogram, audible area (threshold of hearing, threshold of pain)
Examination methods of hearing, correction principles of hearing defects
Infrasound, ultrasound; sources and effects on organism
Principles of diagnostic and therapeutical application of ultrasound
Propagation of ultrasound in the organism, behavior at the boundary
Ultrasonic examination methods
Doppler sonography
Possible risks of sonographic examination
Shock waves, principle of lithotripsy by an extracorporal shock wave
Electrostatic interaction, electrostatic field, particles in an electrostatic field,
superposition principle, ionic bond
Electric potential, electric current, electric energy, work and power
Effects of electric and magnetic field on organism
Magnetic field and comparison of a magnetic and electric fields
Physiological effect of electric current; iontophoresis and galvanization,
galvanism, electrostimulation, high-frequency electrosurgery
Interaction of magnetic field with living matter; magnetotherapy
Nuclear magnetic resonance; principle, application, benefits
Magnetic potential energy
Gradual formation of an MR image
MR and different tissue signal, contrast agents
Light and optics – definition of terms
Electromagnetic spectrum
Propagation of light, transmission, absorption, reflection
Quantum optic, photons, absorption and emission spectra
Mirrors and lenses
Magnifying glass, optical microscopy principle, telescopes, optical fibers
Sources and detectors of light, eye
Eye as an optical system – physical characteristics
Optical eye defects and correction
Eye as a light detector, biophysics of vision
Color of light, perception and sensitivity
Infrared and ultraviolet radiation
Structure of an atom
Forms of ionizing radiation, their origin
Types and principles of radioactive transformations kinetics
X-ray (RTG) radiation, origin, properties and applications
Characteristics of X-rays, possibility of their modification
Natural and artificial sources of ionizing radiation
Fundamental principles of interaction of radiation with the environment
Interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter
Interaction of directly ionizing radiation with matter
Detectors of ionizing radiation, principle of function and medical application
Dosimetry and protection from ionizing radiation
Biological effects of ionizing radiation, radionuclides in medicine
Thermodynamic system, state quantities; internal energy, heat, work
First law of thermodynamics
Second law of thermodynamics (equivalent formulations)
Transmission of heat by conduction, convection and radiation
Entropy in living organisms
Measurement of temperature, thermometry, thermography, general types of
thermometers, medical thermometers
Thermal well-being of an organism, regulation of temperature in the organism
Effects of lower and higher temperatures on the organism, hyperthermia and
cryotherapy
Biophysical principle of energy transformation in the mitochondrial membrane
Biophysical basis of ATP synthesis at the ATP synthase
Structure of biomembranes and membrane fluidity
Biophysical basis of transport across membranes
Cytoskeleton and its dynamics
Intermediate filaments, microtubules, actin filaments
Physical principles of cell movement
Molecular motors
Ion channels
Key factors in cell organization of tissues
Tissues – connective, epithelial, muscular, neural
Structure and stability of connective tissue
Biophysical properties of epithelial junctions
Biophysics of muscle work (muscle contraction)
Neural tissues – membrane potential
Neural tissues – action potential, its determination, principle of propagation
Laser – principle, characteristics and properties of a beam
Laser sources
Application of laser radiation, lasers in medicine
Cytometry (flow cytotometry, cell-sorting, FACS)
Infrared spectroscopy
Raman spectroscopy
Mass spectroscopy and gas chromatography
Application of individual optical principles in medicine
Endoscopy principle
Optical microscopes (microscope for transmitted and incident light, phase
contrast, polarization microscope, fluorescence microscope, interference
microscope)
Electron microscope
Fluorescence spectroscopy (steady-state spectroscopy, quenching of
fluorescence, lifetimes of the excited state, fluorescence polarization,
fluorophores)
Scanning probe microscopy
Principle of imaging methods based on ionizing radiation (RTG, PET, SPECT, CT)
Principle of imaging methods based on non-ionizing radiation (sonography,
thermography, MRI)
Hybrid imaging methods and the advantages
Ionizing radiation in medicine, radiotherapeutical methods
Biosignals
Non-electrical biosignals, transducers of non-electrical quantities
Electrical manifestation of organism and their subsystems
Electrodes; artefacts
Native record, provocation and stimulation
Biosignal processing and analysis; channel
Differential amplifiers and integrations of inputs
Electrocardiography
Electroencephalography
Cardiostimulation, defibrillation, electroconvulsive therapy
Tissue engineering principle
Artificial tissue preparation
Cartilage tissue engineering
Controlled drug delivery
Liposomes – properties, preparation
Liposomes – applications in tissue engineering and controlled drug delivery
Source URL (retrieved on 5. 5. 2017 - 21:02):
http://www.lf2.cuni.cz/en/study/syllabus/biophysics