Download Primary Growth: Stems and Leave

Botany Student Outline – Primary Growth of Stems and Leaves
Primary Growth of Stems and Leaves
1.
2.
Stems
A.
Functions
•
Structural Capacity
•
Integrative
•
Conduction
•
Regenerative Capacity
•
Reproductive
•
Food Production
B.
Growth
i.
Primary
ii.
Secondary
C.
Control of Growth
i.
Procambium Development
ii.
Light
iii. Hormones
Buds
A.
Bud Scales
•
Naked Bud
B.
Types of Buds
i.
Leaf Buds
ii.
Flower Buds
iii. Mixed Buds
iv.
Terminal Bud
v.
Dormant or Axillary Buds
C.
Anatomical Considerations Related to Buds
i.
Terminal Leaf Bud
ii.
Lateral Buds
iii. Leaf Scar
a.
Vascular Bundle Scars
iv.
Node
v.
Internode.
a.
Rosette Plants
vi.
Bud Scales
a.
Bud Scars
vii. Lenticels
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Botany Student Outline – Primary Growth of Stems and Leaves
D.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Bud Arraignments
i.
Alternate
ii.
Opposite
iii. Whorled
a.
Accessory Buds
iv.
Adventitious Buds
E.
Intercalary Meristems
Histology of Stems
A.
Epidermal Tissue
B.
Vascular Tissue
i.
Monocots
ii.
Dicots
iii. Ground Tissue
a.
Cortex
b.
Pith
Stem Modifications
A.
Stolons or Runners
B.
Tendrils
C.
Cladophylls
D.
Thorns
E.
Bulbs
F.
Rhizomes
G.
Corms
H.
Tubers
Leaves
A.
Essential Functions
i.
Photosynthetic
ii.
Transpiration
Leaf Types
A.
Dicot Leaf
i.
Blade
a.
Veins and Venation
*
Pinnately Netted-Veined
*
Palmately Netted-Vein
ii.
Petiole
a.
Stipules
b.
Peltate
c.
Sessile
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Botany Student Outline – Primary Growth of Stems and Leaves
B.
C.
Dicot Morphology Terms
i.
Blade
a.
Apex
•
Pointed
•
Rounded
•
Flattened
b.
Shape
•
Linear
•
Cordate
•
Deltoid –
c.
Margin
•
Entire
•
Toothed
•
Pinnately Lobed
•
Palmately Lobed
d.
Base
•
Rounded
•
Chordate
•
Truncate
e.
Simple
•
Sessile
f.
Compound
•
Leaflets
•
Pinnately Compound
*
Rachis
•
Palmately Compound
•
Peltate
•
Prefoliate
Phyllotaxis
•
Orthostichies
i.
Common Phyllotaxis
a.
Alternate (Spiral)
•
Distichous
b.
Opposite Phyllotaxis
•
Decussate
c.
Whorled Phyllotaxis
ii.
Numerical Description of Phyllotaxis
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Botany Student Outline – Primary Growth of Stems and Leaves
D.
E.
7.
Monocot Morphology Terms
i.
Blade
a.
Tubular
ii.
Sheath
iii. Ligule
iv.
Auricle
Gymnosperm Leaves
Leaf Histology
A.
Epidermis
i.
Epidermal Cells
a.
Cuticle
ii.
Guard Cells
a.
Stomata Control
iii. Epidermal Hairs
•
Unicelluar
•
Multicellular
•
Simple
•
Branched
•
Scale Like
•
Glandular
B.
Mesophyll
i.
Palisade Parenchyma
ii.
Spongy Parenchyma
a.
Stomatal Chambers
C.
Vascular Tissue
i.
Xylum
ii.
Phloem
iii. Bundle Sheath
iv.
Venation
D.
Petiole
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Botany Student Outline – Primary Growth of Stems and Leaves
8.
9.
10.
11.
Leaf Shape
A.
Environmental Effects
i.
Light
ii.
Light Intensity
iii. Moisture
a.
Mesophytes
b.
Zerophytes
c.
Hydrophytes
•
Leaf Dimorphism
i.
Etiolation
B.
Age of Plant
C.
Leaf Modifications
i.
Bud Scales
ii.
Spines
iii. Tendrils
iv.
Food Storage
v.
Water Storage
vi.
Insectivorous Plants
vii. Reproduction
Leaf Development
A.
Initial Development
•
Leaf Primordia
B.
Young Leaf Development
Leaf Defense
Leaf Abscission
A.
Functions
B.
Process
C.
Hormonal Control
i.
Abscisic Acid (ABA)
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