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WHAT IS AN
ECOSYSTEM?
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What is an ecosystem?
 A community that includes all living and nonliving
things in a certain area.
 Abiotic: All the non-living things in an ecosystem
 Mountains, lakes, soil, climate, etc.
 Biotic: All the living things in an ecosystem
 Animals, plants, bacteria, etc.
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Habitat is formed from abiotic
elements
Altitude
Weather/Climate
Landscape
Soil
Water
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Biotic elements form a food web
• What abiotic elements are in this ecosystem?
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Trophic Pyramid
Tertiary Consumers/Apex Predators
• Omnivores and Carnivores
• Bears, lions, humans, etc.
Secondary Consumers
• Omnivores and Carnivores
• Energy from other organisms
Primary Consumers (Herbivories)
• Get energy by consuming autotrophs
• Zooplankton, small fish, cattle, etc.
Primary Producers (Autotrophs)
• Create their own energy, usually from the sun
• Plants and phytoplankton
• Consumers and Decomposers are Heterotrophs. This means that they cannot
produce their own energy; they must consume other organisms.
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Energy Flow
Sun
Tertiary
Consumers
Secondary Consumers
Primary Consumers (Herbivories)
Primary Producers (Autotrophs)
• Energy moves up the trophic pyramid and into decomposers when an
organism dies.
• Only 10% of energy is transferred between trophic levels!
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Nutrient Flow
Tertiary
Consumers
Secondary Consumers
Primary Consumers (Herbivories)
Primary Producers (Autotrophs)
• Consumers gain nutrients by eating food. When consumers die
decomposers use those nutrients and make them available to producers.
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Name the things that are biotic
or abiotic in this picture.
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