Download Matter

Warm-up Week 6
Day 1
1. All science is based on which two
beliefs?
2. What is the difference between a
HYPOTHESIS and a THEORY?
“Matter”
Chapter 2, Section 1
What is Matter?
• Anything that has VOLUME & MASS.
• ml
• g
States of Matter.
1. Solid
– Certain shape
– Certain volume
2. Liquid
– Uncertain Shape
– Certain Volume
3. Gas
– Uncertain Shape
– Uncertain Volume
Elements.
• Simplest substance possible.
• Building blocks of matter.
– 112 Elements
– 92 Natural
– 8 = Earth’s Crust.
Periodic Table of Elements.
Atoms.
Smallest particle of Element.
Same Characteristics.
3 Parts.
1. Protons (P+)
2. Neutrons (No)
3. Electrons (E─) (smallest!)
Nucleus.
• Center of Atom.
P+
No
“Electron Cloud”
• Outside Nucleus.
E-
Energy Level:
Area around nucleus.
Where electrons are.
Atomic Number.
# Protons in Nucleus of an Atom.
# P+ = # E-
Mass Number:
mass P+ + mass No
Isotope.
• Same # of P+
• Diff. # of No
• Radioactive Decay.
+
0
Isotope! = Diff. # of No
+
Compounds.
• Combination of Elements.
• Ex: H2O
• Stable atoms.
Atom.
Element.
Compound.
Atomic “Bonding.”
• Coming together.
• Ex: “male bonding”
• RECALL:
– Energy Levels.
1.Energy Level: ≠ Max. # E2.Chemical Bond w/ another
atom.
Atoms vs. Ions
• Atoms = same number P+ & E– Ex: (+3) + (-3) = 0
– charge is ZERO
• Ions = same # P+,
…but more or less E– Ex: (+3) + (-4) = -1
– Ex: (+3) + (-2) = +1
– Charge is (+ or -)
*sodium ion laser is used to determine the temperature in the mesosphere and the lower thermosphere
Chemical Bond.
Force. Holds atoms together.
Ionic Bonds.
•Force between Positive+ & Neg- Ions.
•Like a magnet.
Covalent
Bonds.
•2 atoms
•Share E-
Metallic Bonds.
Ordered!
Assignment.
Use the periodic table on p.36-37
Pick one of the following elements:
- Helium (He)
- Nitrogen (N)
- Carbon (C)
- Oxygen (O)
1. Draw the element box from the periodic table(5pts)
2. Draw & COLOR a picture of the atom (5pts)
a) # of PROTONS+, NEUTRONSo and ELECTRONS- must be correct!
b) Label Protons, Neutrons, Electrons
3. Draw & COLOR a picture of an ION & an ISOTOPE for this
atom. (5pts)
a) Label Protons, Neutrons, Electrons
Assignment
• Read Chapter 2, Section 1 (pg. 34-43)
• Do Section 2.1 Assessment #1-6 (pg. 43)