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The Scarlet Letter Type I: Society In what ways does our society demand we conform to certain conventions? What expectations does our society have about how we Behave in public Treat other people Make a living. Write your answers for these three ideas in one column. In a second column, indicate what happens to people who do not meet society’s expectations. Transcendentalism Or as I like to call them…very early hippies History of Transcendentalism Took the idea of pervasive morality from Puritans Took the concept of nature as a living mystery from Romantics Movement grew out of modern thought due to science and technology Big Three Transcendentalists Ralph Waldo Emerson Henry David Thoreau Margaret Fuller Transcendentalism is NOT a religion Does not believe in God Does not believe in afterlife Does not believe this life has consequences on the next Instead it is a philosophy, state of mind, and form of spirituality Transcendentalism rejects afterlife and places emphasis on THIS life Basic Assumption of Transcendentalism Intuition, instead of reason, became the means for a conscious union of the individual soul with the world soul (aka the Oversoul) Basic Beliefs Form of idealism Human soul part of the Oversoul Every individual to be respected; all have portion of Oversoul More important to think about this life than worry about afterlife Evil is merely an absence of good Power obtained by demonstrating one’s own spiritual and moral strength Emphasis on self-reliance and human thinking Great leaders, thinkers, and philosophers show what individuals can become through thinking and action Transcendental View of Human Nature An individual is the spiritual center of the universe The structure of universe literally duplicates the structure of the individual self-knowledge In an individual can be found the clues to nature, history, and the cosmos itself All knowledge therefore begins with self-knowledge Individual virtue and happiness depend upon selfrealization Nature is a living mystery, full of signs and symbols Spiritual View of the World The Oversoul is the ultimate spiritual force in creation Material objects have no real existence of their own All are diffused parts of the Oversoul By contemplating objects in Nature, the individual can transcend this world and discover unity between SelfGod-Nature Unity of life and universe The Oversoul encompasses all existence and reconciles all opposing forces Relationship between all things Use of intuition and insight to discover transcendental reality Legacy of Transcendentalism Mahatma Gandhi and Martin Luther King Jr. “Beat” generation of 1950s and “Young Radicals” of 1960s and 70s Protested using civil disobedience Practiced dissent, anti-materialism, anti-war, and anti-work ethic sentiments Popularity of Black Power, Feminism, and sexual freedoms