Download Chapter 4-5 Notes for Nomenclature 2014

H2O
Chapter 4
“Chemical Names
and Formulas”
Modified and adapted from
Pre-AP Chemistry
Charles Page High School
Stephen L. Cotton
The student will: SWBAT’s
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




classify the type of bond that forms between two given
elements.
write the chemical symbol/name given the
name/chemical symbol of an element.
classify a given compound as ionic or molecular.
given a sheet of common ions, represent an ionic
compound in multiple ways--using words and chemical
formula.
represent a molecular compound in multiple ways-using words, chemical formula and diagrams.
represent the seven common diatomic molecules in
multiple ways-- using words, chemical formula and
diagrams.
SWBAT Scale
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4: Same as a 3.0 but I can make inferences &
application to the SWBAT’s
3: I COMPLETELY understand all parts of the
SWBAT
2: I understand MOST of the SWBAT’s with teacher
help
1: I understand a little of the SWBAT’s but need
teacher help
0: I do NOT understand any part of the SWBAT’s
and need help!
Section 4.5
Naming and Writing Formulas
for Organic Compounds
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OBJECTIVES:
–Interpret the prefixes in the
names of Organic
compounds in terms of
their chemical formulas.
Section 4.5
Naming and Writing Formulas
for Organic Compounds
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OBJECTIVES:
–Interpret the functional
groups in the names of
organic compounds in
terms of their chemical
formulas.
Section 4.5
Naming and Writing Formulas
for Organic Compounds
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OBJECTIVES:
–Apply the rules for naming
and writing formulas for
organic compounds.
Molecular Compounds
–Organic hydrocarbons
–always have C & usually H,
O, S, or N in a compound
Organic Compounds
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Organic Compounds - any covalently
bonded compound containing carbon
(except carbonates and oxides)
Functional group - a specific
arrangement of atoms in an organic
compound that is capable of
characteristic chemical reactions.
Hydrocarbons
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Hydrocarbons are the simplest organic
compounds.
They contain only carbon and hydrogen
They can be straight-chain, branched
chain, or cyclic molecules.
Carbon must form 4 bonds
Naming Hydrocarbons
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Alkanes - contain only single covalent
bonds
Alkenes - contain one or more carboncarbon double bond
Alkynes - contain one or more carboncarbon triple bond
Naming Hydrocarbons
C x H (2x-2)
Alkyne
Organic Prefixes
# of C-atoms
Prefix
# of C-atoms
Prefix
1
2
3
4
5
meth
eth
pro
but
pent
6
7
8
9
10
hex
hept
oct
non
dec
Simple Alkanes
Functional Groups
Functional Groups
Class
Halides
Group
-X (F, Cl, Br, I)
Alcohol
Carboxylics
Amine
-OH
-COOH
-NH2
Ending
goes in
front
-ol
-oic Acid
Amino or
Amine
Examples of Functional Group
Propanol: 3 C’s, single & alcohol
C-C-C-OH
Ethanoic Acid: 2 C’s, single, Carboxylic
C-COOH
Methylamine: 1 C, 1 Amine
C-NH2
Ethyl Aldehyde:
2 C’s, 1 aldehyde
C-CHO
Section 4.6
The Laws Governing
Formulas and Names
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OBJECTIVES:
–Define the laws of definite
proportions and multiple
proportions.
Section 4.6
The Laws Governing
Formulas and Names
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OBJECTIVES:
–Apply the rules for naming
chemical compounds by
using a flowchart.
Section 4.6
The Laws Governing
Formulas and Names
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OBJECTIVES:
–Apply the rules for writing
the formulas of chemial
compounds by using a
flowchart.
Some Laws:
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1. Law of Definite Proportionsin a sample of a chemical
compound, the masses of the
elements are always in the
same proportions.
H2O (water) and H2O2
(hydrogen peroxide)
Some Laws:
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2. Law of Multiple ProportionsDalton stated that whenever two
elements form more than one
compound, the different masses of
one element that combine with the
same mass of the other element
are in the ratio of small whole
numbers.
- Page 275
Same mass
of oxygen
Helpful to remember...
1. In an ionic compound, the net ionic
charge is zero (criss-cross method)
2. An -ide ending generally indicates a
binary compound
3. An -ite or -ate ending means there is
a polyatomic ion that has oxygen
4. Prefixes generally mean molecular;
they show the number of each atom
Helpful to remember...
5. A Roman numeral after the
name of a cation is the ionic
charge of the cation
l Use the handout sheets
provided by your teacher!
The student will: SWBAT’s






classify the type of bond that forms between two given
elements.
write the chemical symbol/name given the
name/chemical symbol of an element.
classify a given compound as ionic or molecular.
given a sheet of common ions, represent an ionic
compound in multiple ways--using words and chemical
formula.
represent a molecular compound in multiple ways-using words, chemical formula and diagrams.
represent the seven common diatomic molecules in
multiple ways-- using words, chemical formula and
diagrams.
SWBAT Scale
l
l
l
l
l
4: Same as a 3.0 but I can make inferences &
application to the SWBAT’s
3: I COMPLETELY understand all parts of the
SWBAT
2: I understand MOST of the SWBAT’s with teacher
help
1: I understand a little of the SWBAT’s but need
teacher help
0: I do NOT understand any part of the SWBAT’s
and need help!