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The Composition of the Earth The Earth is divided into three layers based on the compounds that makeup each layer. They are: 1. Crust 2. Mantle 3. Core The Crust The Crust is the : 1. outer most layer of the Earth. 2. It is the thinnest layer. 3. There are 2 types of Crust: a. Continental b. Oceanic The Crust * Both Continental and Oceanic crust are made mainly of oxygen, silicon, and aluminum. * Oceanic crust is denser and has almost twice as much iron, calcium, and magnesium. The Mantle 1. Is the layer of the Earth between Crust and the Core. 2. Is much thicker than the Crust and contains most of the Earth’s mass. 3.Scientist get clues about the Mantle from the ocean floor and from observations made on the Earth’s surface The Core 1. Is the layer of the Earth that extends from below the Mantle to the center of the Earth. 2. Is made mostly of iron and small amounts of nickel. 3.Has no oxygen, silicon, aluminum or magnesium. The physical structure of the Earth. The Earth is divided into 5 physical layers: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Lithosphere Asthenosphere Mesosphere Outer core Inner core Lithosphere 1. Is the outermost ,rigid layer of the Earth. 2. Is made up of 2 parts: a. crust b. the rigid upper part of the mantle. 3.The Lithosphere is divided into pieces called tectonic plates Asthenosphere 1. Is the plastic like layer of the mantle on which piece of the lithosphere move. 2. The Aethenosphere is made of solid rock that flows very slowly Mesosphere 1. Is beneath the asthenosphere. 2. Is strong lower part of the mantle. 3. It extends from the bottom of the asthenosphere to the Earth’s core. Outer Core 1. The outer core is the liquid layer of the Earth’s core that lies beneath the mantle and surrounds the inner core. The inner core 1. The inner core is solid. 2. It is the dense center of our planet that extends from the bottom of the outer core to the center of the Earth.