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LINEAR & EXPONENTIAL GROWTH
4 MOST POPULATED COUNTRIES
1.CHINA
2.INDIA
3.UNITED STATES
4.INDONESIA
ECOLOGICAL FOOTPRINT
THE IMPACT OF A PERSON OR COMMUNITY ON THE
ENVIRONMENT, EXPRESSED AS THE AMOUNT OF LAND
REQUIRED TO SUSTAIN THEIR USE OF NATURAL
RESOURCES.
ECOLOGICAL FOOTPRINT
ECOLOGICAL FOOTPRINT
THE IMPACT OF A PERSON OR COMMUNITY ON THE
ENVIRONMENT, EXPRESSED AS THE AMOUNT OF LAND
REQUIRED TO SUSTAIN THEIR USE OF NATURAL
RESOURCES.
RULE OF 70
PRACTICE QUESTION #1
•50,000  100,000 IS ONE DOUBLING TIME
•GROWTH RATE = 2%
•𝐷𝑜𝑢𝑏𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑇𝑖𝑚𝑒 =
•2012 + 35 YEARS = 2047
70
𝑟
=
70
2
= 35 𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑠
PRACTICE QUESTION #1
•100,000  200,000 IS ONE DOUBLING TIME
•GROWTH RATE = 2%
•𝐷𝑜𝑢𝑏𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑇𝑖𝑚𝑒 =
•2047 + 35 YEARS = 2082
70
𝑟
=
70
2
= 35 𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑠
PRACTICE QUESTION #2
•12 MILLION  24 MILLION IS ONE DOUBLING TIME
•DOUBLING TIME = 20 YEARS
•20 𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑠 =
70
𝑟
=
70
𝑥
𝑋 = 3.5%
Characteristic
Developed Countries
Developing Countries
Per Capita GDP
high
low
Industrialization
high
low
Infant Mortality
low
high
Per Capita F.F. Use
high
low
Ecological Footprint
high
high
GHG Emissions
high
low
Heart Disease Risk
high
low
Infectious Disease
Risk
low
high
EARTH’S RESOURCES
RENEWABLE
•WATER
•WIND
•FORESTS
•SUN
NONRENEWABLE
•COAL
•OIL
•NATURAL GAS
•PRECIOUS METALS
DEFINE THE FOLLOWING…
•TOTAL FERTILITY RATE: ESTIMATE OF THE AVERAGE NUMBER OF
CHILDREN THAT EACH WOMAN IN A POPULATION WILL BEAR
THROUGHOUT HER CHILDBEARING YEARS
•REPLACEMENT LEVEL FERTILITY: THE TOTAL FERTILITY RATE REQUIRED
TO OFFSET THE AVERAGE NUMBER OF DEATHS IN A POPULATION IN
ORDER TO MAINTAIN THE CURRENT POPULATION SIZE
DEFINE THE FOLLOWING…
•INFANT MORTALITY RATE: THE NUMBER OF DEATHS OF CHILDREN
UNDER 1 YEAR OF AGE PER 1,000 LIVE BIRTHS
•CRUDE BIRTH RATE: THE NUMBER OF BIRTHS PER 1,000 INDIVIDUALS
PER YEAR
•CRUDE DEATH RATE: THE NUMBER OF DEATHS PER 1,000 INDIVIDUALS
PER YEAR
TRAGEDY OF THE COMMONS
•TENDENCY OF A SHARED, LIMITED RESOURCE TO
BECOME DEPLETED BECAUSE PEOPLE ACT FROM SELFINTEREST FOR SHORT-TERM GAIN.
•EXAMPLES: LORAX (FORESTRY), FISHERIES, GRAZING
LANDS, PUBLIC LANDS IN GENERAL
LOGISTIC GROWTH
POPULATION GROWTH
•CRUDE BIRTH RATE: 45
•CRUDE DEATH RATE: 20
•IMMIGRATION RATE: 1%
•EMIGRATION RATE: 0.5%
1% OF 1,O00 IS 10
0.5% OF 1,000 IS 5
POPULATION GROWTH
•
45+10 −[20+5]
• 10
= 3%
𝐶𝐵𝑅+𝑖𝑚𝑚𝑖𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 −[𝐶𝐷𝑅+𝑒𝑚𝑖𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛]
10
POSITIVE FEEDBACK - PUSHING
DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION
AGE STRUCTURE DIAGRAMS
NEGATIVE FEEDBACK - NARROW
ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION
ELEMENT COMPOUNDS
ORGANIC
•FROM LIVING THINGS
•C + H
•SUGAR
•PROTEINS
•STARCH
INORGANIC
•NONLIVING
•CARBON DIOXIDE
•NITRATES
•CHALK
SURVIVORSHIP CURVES