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Loss of dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson disease can be treated by grafting embryonic cells into the putamen. A. In the healthy brain dopaminergic
projections from the substantia nigra (SN) innervate the putamen, which in turn activates neurons in the globus pallidus (GP). Pallidal outputs to the brain
and spinal cord facilitate movement. The image below shows melanin-rich dopaminergic neurons in human substantia nigra.
B. In Parkinson disease the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra deprives the putamen-globus pallidus pathways of their drive. The image
below shows the virtual absence of melanin-rich dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra of an individual with Parkinson disease.
C. Direct injection
of Repairing
embryonicthe
dopaminergic
neurons
into theofputamen
reactivates
theEditon
globus pallidus output pathways. The image below shows tyrosine
Source:
Damaged Brain,
Principles
Neural Science,
Fifth
hydroxylase Citation:
expression
in
the
cell
bodies
and
axons
of
embryonic
mesencephalic
dopaminergic
intoScience,
the putamen
of a human
Kandel ER, Schwartz JH, Jessell TM, Siegelbaum SA, Hudspeth AJ, Mack S. neurons
Principlesgrafted
of Neural
Fifth Editon;
2012 patient.
Available
(Image reproduced,at:with
permission,
from
Kordower
et
al.
2000.)
http://mhmedical.com/ Accessed: May 05, 2017
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