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The Rise of Rome Notes Name _____________________ Section I – Rome’s Beginnings – Concept Web Draw lines between terms that connect and explain the connection between those terms on the lines you use to connect them. Multiple terms may connect to one another. Sicily Geographical Feature Tiber Republic Apennines Made Rome a desirable place to live Latium Founder of Rome Remus and Romulus Legions Military Etruscans Etruria Rome’s Beginnings The mountain range that runs through the northern region of Italy is the _______________. The mountains in Rome are less ____________ than those in Greece. The site chosen for Rome was about 15 miles up the ____________ River from the Mediterranean Sea. Why was this location advantageous? (3 reasons) __________________________________________________________________ There are two different legends or ___________ about how Rome began. o Twin brothers (__________ and _____________) founded the city. o As babies, they were abandoned and raised by ___________________. The Romans were influenced by the Greeks and the Etruscans. Greece and Etruria are __________________________________________________________________. o What was the most important influence from these countries? _____________________________________________________ The Etruscans staged gladiator fights. What does this tell us about Etruscan society? __________________________________________________________________ Rome began as a monarchy but changed to a ________________, a form of government which the people choose their leader. The Roman Republic 509 - 494 Roman ____________ begins. ____________ B.C.E. Republic ____________ B.C.E. 451 Romans B.C.E. write down laws. 367 One B.C.E. consul 287 Plebeians B.C.E. pass laws must be for plebeian. everyone. Rome’s Government Complete the Venn diagram comparing and contrasting patricians and plebeians. You should have a least seven similarities and seven differences. Consider not only economic differences but roles in government as well. Patricians Plebeians Early Romans were divided into two classes: patricians and plebeians. The wealthy landowners of ancient Rome were the ______________________. Plebeians were the ______________ with the least amount of ____________. Who would mostly likely say the following quote: “I fight Rome’s wars, but I can’t vote.”? _________________________ Why were the plebeians unhappy when the Republic was first set up? __________________________________________________________________ Roman Law In the circles surrounded the picture of The Twelve Tables, write out different characteristics of Roman Law. The ______________________ were the foundation of Roman law, detailing all the laws regarding walls, courts, and property. o The Plebeians followed more laws than before when the Twelve Tables were _________________. o This finally made the Plebeians equal citizens. What changed as a result of the action shown in the image to the left? What was the final change that made plebeians equal citizens? _________________________________________________________________ Why was this so important? The laws were ___________________. Rome Expands Complete the chart below describing The Punic Wars War Who was Where did Why was What was the What was the involved? it take there strategy? outcome? place? conflict? The First Punic War The Second Punic War The Third Punic War Who was the military leader of Carthage that attacked the Roman territory by crossing the Alps? _______________________ The picture above is of Rome and Carthage during the second period of Rome expansion. What do you notice about the picture above? __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ Why did some in Rome want to totally destroy Carthage during the 3rd Punic War? __________________________________________________________________ Looking at the map, Rome added these lands to its territory as a result of _____________________________________________________________. The Fall of the Republic How did Rome’s expansion affect the plebeians? __________________________________________________________________ To win the votes of the poor, Roman politicians began providing cheap food and entertainment. This policy of “bread and circuses” which helped many dishonest rulers come to power also ensured that the poor wouldn’t _____________. The people who killed Julius Caesar wanted to give power back to the Senate, but their actions had an unexpected effect. What was the effect? __________________________________________________________________ What were the causes of the end of the Roman Republic? __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ Julius Caesar After learning about Julius Caesar through class discussion and readings, complete the T-chart below identifying Caesar’s strengths and weaknesses as a leader of Rome. Do you think Caesar was a good leader? Explain your position in a short paragraph using specific examples from history. (at least 5 sentences long) _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ Trouble in the Republic Following are various problems face by the Roman Republic. These are listed in random order. Group the problems together in categories, give your categories a title, and then explain why you grouped the problems as you did. You should create at least three different categories. 1. Rich landowners held most of the power. 2. Soldiers became paid professionals instead of volunteers. 6. Politicians began providing cheap food and entertainment to the poor (“bread and circuses”) 7. Civil wars broke out. 3. Latifundia were formed. 4. Small farmers sold their land and moved to cities. 5. Slaves were used for most of the labor. 8. Rome fought in various wars for many years. 9. Politicians fought among themselves __________________ __________________ The Early Empire A long era of peace began with Augustus and lasted until A.D. 180. This period of Roman peace was called _____________________. Why was the road system important in ancient Rome? _____________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________ Rome Becomes an Empire Create a timeline to show the major events that led to Rome becoming an empire. The first and last events are completed for you. You should add at least three more events. It is okay if you don’t have a date to connect to the event, but your events should be in the correct sequence/order. 44 BC Caesar is stabbed to death. 27 BC Octavian takes the title of Augustus. The Emperor Augustus – List the major achievements of The Emperor Augustus in the circles surrounding his picture. What do you think was Augustus’ greatest achievement and why? (Three sentences minimum.) _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ Unity and Prosperity What factors do you think were most important in creating unity and prosperity after the death of Nero? Complete the chart below ranking the following factors in order of importance, and then explain why you ranked them as you did. Vespasian restores peace and order by putting down rebellions in the Empire. Agriculture flourished, trade increased, and the standard of living rose. Roman laws were simplified making them easier to understand. Programs were created to help and educate the poor. Infrastructure such as arches, monuments, bridges, roads, harbors, and aqueducts were built. The size of the Empire is limited and walls are built to protect it from invasion. A common currency (system of money) was developed. Ranking Factor Explanation for ranking.