Download Oral Conditions Affecting Infants and Children

Section 3
Oral Conditions Affecting
Infants and Children
Copyright © 2017 Wolters Kluwer · All Rights Reserved
Objectives
• Define and describe the clinical appearance of common
oral conditions of infants and children.
• Recognize the causes and clinical features of these
conditions.
• Use the diagnostic process to distinguish similarappearing oral anomalies of infants and children.
• Describe the consequences of disease progression with
respect to these conditions.
Copyright © 2017 Wolters Kluwer · All Rights Reserved
Objectives (cont.)
• Be knowledgeable of appropriate treatments for common
oral conditions of infants and children.
• Identify conditions discussed in this section that require
the attention of the dentist and/or affect the delivery of
dental care.
Copyright © 2017 Wolters Kluwer · All Rights Reserved
Oral Conditions Affecting Infants and
Children
1. Commissural lip pits
8. Dental lamina cysts
2. Paramedian lip pits
9. Natal teeth
3. Cleft lip
10. Eruption cyst
4. Cleft palate
11. Lymphangioma
5. Bifid uvula
12. Thrush
6. Congenital epulis
13. Parulis
7. Melanotic
neuroectodermal tumor
of infancy
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1. Commissural Lip Pits
• Dimplelike invaginations
• Corner of the lips
• Unilateral or bilateral
• Failure of fusion of the
embryonic maxillary and
mandibular processes
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2. Paramedian Lip Pits
• Congenital depressions
that occur in the
mandibular lip
• Develop when lateral sulci
of the embryonic
mandibular arch fail to
regress during the 6th
week in utero
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3. Cleft Lip
• Results when the medial
nasal process fails to fuse
with lateral portions of the
maxillary process of the
first branchial
(pharyngeal) arch
• Upper lip is most
commonly affected
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4. Cleft Palate
• The palate develops from
the primary and
secondary palate
• Palatal fusion is initiated
during the 8th week in
utero
• Generally completed by
the 12th week of
gestation
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5. Bifid Uvula
• Minor cleft of the posterior
soft palate
• Asian and Native
American
• A submucosal palatal cleft
may occur with bifid uvula
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5. Bifid Uvula (cont.)
• Develops when the
muscles of the soft palate
are clefted, but the surface
mucosa is intact
• Clefted region is notched
• Incomplete cleft
• Complete cleft
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6. Congenital Epulis
• Benign, soft tissue growth
arising exclusively in
newborns from the
edentulous alveolar ridge
or palate
• Most commonly in the
anterior maxilla
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7. Melanotic Neuroectodermal Tumor of
Infancy
• Rare benign tumor of
neural crest cell origin
• Rapidly growing mass in
the anterior maxilla during
the first year of life
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8. Dental Lamina Cysts
• Remnants of the dental
lamina that do not
develop into a tooth bud
• May degenerate to form
dental lamina (inclusion)
cysts
• Tiny keratin-filled cysts
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9. Natal Teeth
• Teeth that are present at
birth or erupt within 30
days of birth
• Cornified and calcific
material
• Represent premature
eruption of the primary
teeth
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10. Eruption Cyst
• AKA: Gingival Eruption
Cyst, Eruption Hematoma
• Variant of the dentigerous
cyst
• Lined by odontogenic
epithelium
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11. Lymphangioma
• Benign malformation of
lymphatic vessels
• Tongue, alveolar ridge,
and labial mucosa
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12. Thrush
• AKA: Candidiasis,
moniliasis
• Fungal
• Milky white curds
• Easily wiped off
• Tx: antifungal agents
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13. Parulis (Gum Boil)
• Inflammatory response to
a chronic bacterial
infection of a nonvital
tooth
• Pulpal infection spreads
beyond the furcation of a
posterior tooth
• Drains through sinus tract
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Lip Pits
• Congenital depressions or dimplelike invaginations
• Inherited pattern often
• Commissural lip pits (corner of the lips)
– Failure to fuse
• Paramedian lip pits (mandibular lip)
– Either side of the midline
– If with cleft lip or palate + hypodontia = van der
Woude syndrome
• Treatment is not required unless for cosmetic reasons
Copyright © 2017 Wolters Kluwer · All Rights Reserved
Review
• Define and describe the clinical appearance of common
oral conditions of infants and children.
• Recognize the causes and clinical features of these
conditions.
• Use the diagnostic process to distinguish similarappearing oral anomalies of infants and children.
• Describe the consequences of disease progression with
respect to these conditions.
Copyright © 2017 Wolters Kluwer · All Rights Reserved
Review (cont.)
• Be knowledgeable of appropriate treatments for common
oral conditions of infants and children.
• Identify conditions discussed in this section that require
the attention of the dentist and/or affect the delivery of
dental care.
Copyright © 2017 Wolters Kluwer · All Rights Reserved