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Biology Final Study Guide The final covers everything that we have learned from the mid-term until now. It covers the following: Chapter 11: Introduction to Genetics Chapter 12: DNA and RNA Chapter 13: Genetic Engineering Chapter 14: The Human Genome Chapter 15: Darwin’s Theory of Evolution Chapter 16: Evolution of Populations Chapter 18: Classification Chapter 3: The biosphere Chapter 4: Ecosystems and Communities Chapter 5: Populations. You should use old notes, tests and your text book to study. My best advice is to start with the chapter that you feel you under stood the least, and rewrite notes and correct missed answers on worksheets. Vocabulary to know: Genetics Fertilization Truebreeding Trait Hybrid Segregation Gamete Probability Punnett Square Homozygous Genotype Independent assortment Incomplete dominance Codominance Multiple alleles Heterozygo us Polygenic traits Haploid Meiosis Tetrad Crossing-over Gene map Transformation Bacteriophage Nucleotide Base pairing Chromatin Histone Replication DNA polymerase Gene Messenger RNA Ribosomal RNA Transfer RNA RNA polymerase Promoter Intron Exon Codon Translation Anticodon Mutation Frameshift mutation Polyploidy Operon Operator Differentiatio n Hox gene Point mutation Selective breeding Inbreeding Plasmid Transgenic Clone Karyotype Sex chromosome Autosome Pedigree Nondisjunction Evolution Theory Fossil Artificial selection Struggle for existence Homologous structures Fitness Adaptation Gene pool Directional selection Stabilizing selection Disruptive selection Genetic drift Founder effect Natural selection Single-gene trait HardyWeinberg Principle Descent with modification Vestigial organ Survival of the fittest Relative frequency Taxonomy Binomial nomenclature Genus Taxon Family Order Class Phylum Kingdom Domain Phylogeny Evolutionary classification Derived character Cladogram Diploid Common descent Genetic marker Sex-linked gene Gene Allele Phenotype Homologous Hybridization Polygenic trait Genetic equilibrium Molecular clock Protista Population Heterotroph Domain Bacteria Eubacteria Archaea Archaebact erial Eukarya Fungi Plantae Animalia Ecology Biosphere Species Community Ecosystem Biome Autotroph Producer Photosynthesis Consumer Herbivore Carnivore Omnivore Detritivore Decomposer Trophic level Ecological pyramid Food chain Food web Transpiration Nutrient Weather Climate Nitrogen fixation Greenhouse effect Denitrification Polar zone Competitive exclusion principle Primary productivity Temperate zone Biogeochemical cycle Limiting nutrient Tropical zone Predation Symbiosis Mutualism Biomass Evaporation Algal bloom Biotic factor Abiotic factor Habitat Resource Commensalism Parasitism Ecological succession Primary succession Pioneer species Secondary succession Biome Microclimate Canopy Understory Deciduous Coniferous Humus Permafrost Plankton Phytoplankton Zooplankton Wetland Estuary Detritus Salt marsh Mangrove swamp Photic zone Aphotic zone Zonation Coastal ocean Kelp forest Coral reef Benthos Population density Immigration Emigration Exponential growth Limiting factor Density dependent limiting factor Density independent limiting factor Predatorprey relationship Tolerance Taiga Logistic growth Carrying capacity
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