Download Species Relationship Notes

• Symbiosis - two species live together
– Some type of interaction between the two
– Mutualism (+ +)
– Commensalism (+ 0)
– Antagonism (+ -)
• Parasitism
• Predation
• Competition
– Amensalism (- 0)
Antagonism - Predation
• One individual (predator) captures, kills,
and consumes another individual (prey)
Common Defenses Against Predation
• Flight
• Mimicry
• Camouflage
• Chemicals/Physical Structures
• Bright Colors
Herbivore-Plant Interactions
Antagonism - Competition
Competition two species share a requirement for a
limited resource  harms of one or both species
• Competition within the same species= intraspecific
• Competition between different species= interspecific
Antagonism - Parasitism
• One individual is
harmed and one
benefits
• Parasite feeds on the
host
– No immediate death
Mutualism
• Both species benefit
– Pollination
Commensalism
• One species benefits and the other is not
affected
– Cattle Egrets and Livestock
Ammensalism
• one species is harmed or inhibited and the
other species is unaffected
– shading out of one plant by a taller and wider one
– the inhibition of one plant by the secretions of
another
Species Interactions
Symbiotic Relationship Species 1
+
Mutualism
Benefits
+
Commensalism
Benefits
Antagonism (Parasitism,
competition,
+
predations)
Benefits
Ammensalism
Harmed
Species 2
+
Benefits
0
Neutral
Harmed
0
Neutral
• http://education.nationalgeographic.org/act
ivity/ecological-relationships/
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fxrzdh
Hjf0Q&list=PL0EA301D130F3DB40
– Clips 1-3
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zSmL2
F1t81Q