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Anatomy Dr Sanjay G Manohar University of Oxford http://www.smanohar.com Anatomical description • • • • • • • • Cranial, Rostral Dorsal Superior (supra-) Anterior Medial Sagittal Longitudinal, axial Afferent • • • • • • • • Caudal Ventral Inferior (infra-) Posterior • Median Lateral Coronal Transverse Efferent Where? Superior Median Medial Anterior Lateral Posterior Inferior Skull • • • • • • • • • • • Occiput Nasion Bregma Mastoid Styloid Orbit Maxilla Sphenoid Zygoma Ethmoid Alveolus Frontal Temporal Parietal Occipital Underlying Cortex Corresponds Brain tissue • Grey matter – Cell bodies only – cortex (surface), nuclei (agglomeration), thalamus • White matter – Fibres only – nerve, tract, peduncle, commissure, internal capsule Latin & Greek • • • • • • • • • • • • • Decussate cross over L-R Commissure point of connection Chiasm X-shape Striate stripey Fusiform spindle-shaped Dentate toothed Reticulate, Plexiform: net-like Stellate, Astro-: star-shaped Dendrotree-shaped Cortex, cortic- outer layer Medulla core Cerebrum (=encephalo-): brain -ellum, -culus small (diminutive) • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Nigra black Rubro-, rhodo- red Septum wall Pellucidum transparent Foramen hole Magnum big Sinus cavity (fluid/gas) Gyrus ridge Sulcus groove Collihill Tectum roof Peduncle little foot Uncus hook Hippocampus seahorse Spinal Tracts faciculus gracilis faciculus cuneatus spinocerebellar tract Lissauer's tract II-III substantia gelatinosa lateral corticospinal rubrospinal tract spinothalamic tract central canal IX , motoneurone pool lateral reticulospinal tract vestibulospinal tract tectospinal tract ventral corticospinal medial reticulospinal tract descending efferent ascending afferent uncrossed pathway Spinal Circuits dorsal root ganglion lateral horn cell somatosensory visceral sensory somatomotor grey ramus communicans white ramus communicans peripheral nerve sympathetic ganglion sympathetic paravertebral ganglion Basal Ganglia Corpus striatum Caudate n. Head Tail Putamen Ventral striatum N. accumbens Ventral pallidum Globus pallidus pars interna pars externa Substantia nigra pars reticulata pars compacta Subthalamic nucleus
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