Download ADP

CH. 6
METABOLISM OF
PROKARYOTIC CELLS
Both catabolic and anabolic chemical
reactions occur.
Both oxidation and reduction
chemical reactions occur.
TBL06_01: Comparison of two key aspects of cellular metabolism
How enzymes function
Ezymatic action
Figure 06.02: The mechanism of enzyme action
Figure 06.04: Metabolic pathways and enzyme inhibition
Oxidation-Reduction
Figure 06.05: Adenosine triphosphate and the ATP/ADP cycle
5.2
The Catabolism of
Glucose
Glucose contains stored energy
that can be extracted
• Metabolic pathways
• Coupled reactions
Summary of respiration and
fermentation
Glycolysis is the first stage of
energy extraction
• Reactions of glycolysis
• Metabolic pathway
ATP gain from glycolysis
NADH formed
The Glycolytic pathway
The Krebs cycle extracts
more energy from pyruvate
• Pyruvate (Pyruvic acid) is changed to a 2
carbon acetyl in the transition stage.
A total of 8 NADH’s and 2FADH’s are gained
starting with pyruvate, which includes the
transition stage, and concludes with the
production of OAA at the end of the Kreb’s
Cycle.
 A total of 2 ATP’s are made directly in the
Kreb’s Cycle.
Summary of respiration and
fermentation
Figure 06.08: The steps of the Krebs cycle
Figure 06.09: Summary of glycolysis and the Krebs cycle
THE ELECTRON TRANSPORT
SYSTEM
A total of 34 ATP are produced
here .
In bacteria, ETS occurs on the
cell membrane
The ElectronTransport System
Electron Transport System
of Eukaryotes
Figure 06.10: Oxidative phosphorylation in bacteria
Figure 06.MI01A: Assembly of F0F1 complex/ATP synthesis
The structure of ATP Synthase
Figure 06.11: The ATP yield from aerobic respiration
Figure 06.12: Carbohydrate, protein & fat metabolism
Fermentation produces ATP
using an organic final
electron acceptor
• NAD+ is regenerated.
• Lactic acid or many other organic acids are
produced as waste products.
• Or a variety of alcohols and other
fermentation waste products are produced.
• ATP is produced only in the glycolytic
pathway, along with 2 pyruvic acids and
2NADH’s.
Figure 06.13a: The relationship of fermentation to glycolysis
Figure 06.13b: Alcoholic fermentation
Figure 06.14: Variations in fermentation end products
Examples of fermentation with
pyruvate as the intermediary
substrate
Figure 06.15: Cyanobacterial membranes
© Dr. Dennis Kunkel/Visuals Unlimited
REVIEW OF CELL
RESPIRATION
2NAD+
glucose
CCCCCC
2ADP
2NADH 2pyruvate
C C C
2 ATP
pyruvate
C C C
CO2
pyruvateNADH
C C C
CoA
FADH2
2lactate
C C C
NAD+
2ethano +
C Cl
acetyl
CoA
C C
CoA
NAD+
NADH
NADH
2 CO2
Glucose + O2  CO2 + H20 +
Energy
2 CO2
ATP
ADP
acetyl
CoA
C C
Kre
bs
cycl
3NAD+
e
FAD NADH
3
½
O2
FADH2
FAD
HO
2
2
H+
NADH NAD+
H+ H+
Find:
1. Fermentation
2. Formation of acetyl
CoA
3. Glycolysis
4. ETC
5. Kreb Cycle
• Where in the cell
does each reaction
take place
H+
H+
e
-
H+ H+
H+H
+
+
+ H H +H
+
_______ 2NAD
C C _C C C C
Find:
1. Electron
Transport
Chain
2. Fermentation
3. Formation of
acetyl CoA
4. Glycolysis
5. Kreb’s Cycle
2 CO2
(matrix)CoA
FADH2
2ADP
NAD+
2NADH 2________NADH
C C C
2_______
C C C_
NADH
2 ATP
NAD+
2
x
CO2
2_______ +
C C_
2 CO2
C
CoA
Cell Membrane
NADH
ATP
ADP
________
H2O+ ___
C C
½
O2
3
NAD+
FAD NADH
3
HO
2
2
H+
FADH2 FAD
NADH NAD+
H+ H +
H+
H+
e
-
H+ H+
H+H
+
+
+ H H +H
• Explain, in your own words, the next
two slides.
2NAD+
glucose
CCCCCC
2ADP
2 ATP
pyruvate
C C C
CO2
pyruvateNADH
C C C
CoA
FADH2
2lactate
C C C
NADH
2ethano +
C Cl
acetyl
CoA
C C
CoA
NAD+
NAD+
NADH
2 CO2
Glucose + O2  CO2 +
H20 + Energy
2NADH 2pyruvate
C C C
2 CO2
ATP
ADP
acetyl
C C
H2O+ CoA
Kre
bs
cycl
3NAD+
e
FAD NADH
3
½
O2
FADH2
FAD
HO
2
2
H+
NADH NAD+
H+ H+
H+
H+
e
-
H+ H +
H+H
+
+
+ H H +H
2NAD+
glucose
CCCCCC
2ADP
NAD+
2NADH 2pyruvate NADH
C C C
NADH
2 ATP
NAD+
2 ethanol +
C C
2
x
CYTOSOL
2lactate
C C C
2 CO2
Cell membrane
CO2
2 CO2
(matrix)CoA
FADH2
CoA
NADH
ATP
ADP
H2O+
acetyl
CoA
C C
Kre
HO
bs
½
2
cycl
O
+
22
3NAD
e
H+ e
FAD NADH
FAD
FADH2
3
NADH NAD+
H+ H +
H+
H+ H+
H+H
H+
+
+
+ H H +H