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Download iGCSE Biology Section 4 lesson 3
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IGCSE BIOLOGY SECTION 4 LESSON 3 Content Section 4 Ecology and the Environment a) The organism in the environment b) Feeding relationships c) Cycles within ecosystems d) Human influences on the environment Content Lesson 3 c) Cycles within ecosystems b) Cycles within ecosystems 4.8 describe the stages in the water cycle, including evaporation, transpiration, condensation and precipitation 4.9 describe the stages in the carbon cycle, including respiration, photosynthesis, decomposition and combustion 4.10 describe the stages in the nitrogen cycle, including the roles of nitrogen fixing bacteria, decomposers, nitrifying bacteria and denitrifying bacteria (specific names of bacteria are not required). Recycling Recycling Food scraps cardboard Bottles Recycling SOIL PRODUCERS DECOMPOSERS CONSUMERS Recycling SOIL Water and nutrients PRODUCERS Eaten Die CONSUMERS Decay DECOMPOSERS Die Recycling SOIL Water and nutrients PRODUCERS Eaten Die CONSUMERS Decay DECOMPOSERS Die The water cycle The water cycle evaporation The water cycle transpiration evaporation The water cycle condensation transpiration evaporation The water cycle condensation transpiration precipitation evaporation The carbon cycle Carbon – occurs in all compounds which make up living organisms. Plants get their carbon from carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and animals get their carbon from plants. The carbon cycle The carbon cycle Carbon dioxide photosynthesis The carbon cycle Carbon dioxide photosynthesis Decay organisms Organic carbon Dead organisms and waste products Decomposition Fossils and fossil fuels The carbon cycle Carbon dioxide Plant respiration photosynthesis Decay organisms Animal respiration Organic carbon Root respiration Dead organisms and waste products Decomposition Fossils and fossil fuels The carbon cycle Carbon dioxide Plant respiration photosynthesis Decay organisms Animal respiration Organic carbon Root respiration Dead organisms and waste products Decomposition Fossils and fossil fuels Combustion – burning of fossil fuels The nitrogen carbon cycle The cycle Carbon dioxide When an animal or plant dies, its tissues decompose, partly as a result of bacteria action. Photosynthesis Combustion One of the important products of this decay is ammonia (NH3) which is washed into the soil. Respiration The excretory products of animals contain nitrogenous waste products such as ammonia, urea and uric acid. Decomposition The nitrogen cycle Key words: The nitrogen cycle Nitrogen in the air Animal waste Dead animals and plants Denitrifying bacteria (in waterlogged soil) Decomposers Animal protein Plant protein Nitrogen-fixing bacteria in the soil. Nitrifying bacteria Ammonium and nitrates in the soil Nitrogen –fixing bacteria in root nodules of peas, clover The nitrogen cycle Nitrogen in the air Nitrogen-fixing bacteria in the soil. Nitrogen –fixing bacteria in root nodules of peas, clover The nitrogen cycle Nitrogen in the air Nitrogen-fixing bacteria in the soil. Nitrogen –fixing bacteria in root nodules of peas, clover The nitrogen cycle Nitrogen in the air Nitrogen-fixing bacteria in the soil. Ammonium and nitrates in the soil Nitrogen –fixing bacteria in root nodules of peas, clover The nitrogen cycle Nitrogen in the air Plant protein Nitrogen-fixing bacteria in the soil. Ammonium and nitrates in the soil Nitrogen –fixing bacteria in root nodules of peas, clover The nitrogen cycle Nitrogen in the air Animal protein Plant protein Nitrogen-fixing bacteria in the soil. Ammonium and nitrates in the soil Nitrogen –fixing bacteria in root nodules of peas, clover The nitrogen cycle Nitrogen in the air Animal waste Dead animals and plants Animal protein Plant protein Nitrogen-fixing bacteria in the soil. Nitrifying bacteria Ammonium and nitrates in the soil Nitrogen –fixing bacteria in root nodules of peas, clover The nitrogen cycle Nitrogen in the air Animal waste Dead animals and plants Animal protein Plant protein Nitrogen-fixing bacteria in the soil. Nitrifying bacteria Ammonium and nitrates in the soil Nitrogen –fixing bacteria in root nodules of peas, clover The nitrogen cycle Nitrogen in the air Animal waste Dead animals and plants Denitrifying bacteria (in waterlogged soil) Decomposers Animal protein Plant protein Nitrogen-fixing bacteria in the soil. Nitrifying bacteria Ammonium and nitrates in the soil Nitrogen –fixing bacteria in root nodules of peas, clover The nitrogen cycle Nitrogen in the air High temperature lightning discharges cause some of the oxygen and nitrogen in the atmosphere to combine and form nitrogen oxides. These dissolve in Animal Animal protein the rain and are waste washed into the soil as weak acids, where they form nitrates. Nitrogen-fixing Dead animals and plants Denitrifying bacteria (in waterlogged soil) Decomposers Plant protein Nitrifying bacteria Ammonium and nitrates in the soil bacteria in the soil. Nitrogen –fixing bacteria in root nodules of peas, clover The nitrogen cycle Nitrogen in the air Animal waste Dead animals and plants Denitrifying bacteria (in waterlogged soil) Decomposers Animal protein Plant protein Nitrogen-fixing bacteria in the soil. Nitrifying bacteria Ammonium and nitrates in the soil Nitrogen –fixing bacteria in root nodules of peas, clover The nitrogen cycle Key words: Nitrogen-fixing bacteria Decomposers Nitrifying bacteria Denitrifying bacteria Bacteria which can absorb nitrogen as a gas from air spaces in the soil and build it into compounds of nitrogen The nitrogen cycle Key words: Nitrogen-fixing bacteria Bacteria which can absorb nitrogen as a gas from air spaces in the soil and build it into compounds of nitrogen Decomposers Organisms which break down dead animal and plant material, releasing the nutrients into the soil. Nitrifying bacteria Denitrifying bacteria The nitrogen cycle Key words: Nitrogen-fixing bacteria Bacteria which can absorb nitrogen as a gas from air spaces in the soil and build it into compounds of nitrogen Decomposers Organisms which break down dead animal and plant material, releasing the nutrients into the soil. Nitrifying bacteria Bacteria which convert ammonium compounds into nitrates. Denitrifying bacteria The nitrogen cycle Key words: Nitrogen-fixing bacteria Bacteria which can absorb nitrogen as a gas from air spaces in the soil and build it into compounds of nitrogen Decomposers Organisms which break down dead animal and plant material, releasing the nutrients into the soil. Nitrifying bacteria Bacteria which convert ammonium compounds into nitrates. Denitrifying bacteria Bacteria that use nitrate ions in their metabolism and release nitrogen gas End of Section 4 Lesson 3 In this lesson we have covered: • Recycling in natural ecosystems • The Water Cycle • The Carbon Cycle • The Nitrogen Cycle
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