Download Class of 1685

Class of 1685
The Instrumental Music of Bach and
Handel
• Johann Sebastian Bach (1685–1750)
• George Frideric Handel (1685–1759)
• Domenico Scarlatti (1685–1757)
Careers and Lifestyles
• Handel
– 1685: born in Halle, Germany
– 1703: Hamburg
• worked as violinist and
harpsichordist, composer
Careers and Lifestyles
• Handel
– 1685: born in Halle, Germany
– 1703: Hamburg
• worked as violinist and harpsichordist, composer
– 1706–1710: Florence and Rome
• formative years, “Il Sassone”
Careers and Lifestyles
• Handel
– 1685: born in Halle, Germany
– 1703: Hamburg
• worked as violinist and harpsichordist, composer
– 1706–1710: Florence and Rome
• formative years, “Il Sassone”
– 1710: Hanover
• music director for the Elector of Hanover
Careers and Lifestyles
• Handel
– 1685: born in Halle, Germany
– 1703: Hamburg
• worked as violinist and harpsichordist, composer
– 1706–1710: Florence and Rome
• formative years, “Il Sassone”
– 1710: Hanover
• music director for the Elector of Hanover
– 1711: England
• elector of Hanover becomes King George I of England
Careers and Lifestyles
• Bach
– The Bach family of musicians
– 1685: born in Eisenach, Germany
– 1703–1707: served as organist in
Arnstadt
Careers and Lifestyles
• Bach
– 1685: born in Eisenach, Germany
– 1703–1707: served as organist in Arnstadt
– 1708: served as organist in Mühlhausen
Careers and Lifestyles
• Bach
– 1685: born in Eisenach, Germany
– 1703–1707: served as organist in Arnstadt
– 1708: served as organist in Mühlhausen
– 1708–1717: served as organist and concert
director in Weimar
Careers and Lifestyles
• Bach
– 1685: born in Eisenach, Germany
– 1703–1707: served as organist in Arnstadt
– 1708: served as organist in Mühlhausen
– 1708–1717: served as organist and concert
director in Weimar
– 1717–1723: served as music director in Cöthen
Careers and Lifestyles
• Bach
– 1723: served as music director at St. Thomas
Church in Leipzig
The Chorale Prelude
• Orgelbüchlein
• Durch Adams Fall ist ganz verderbt
[Anthology 1-84]
The Fugue
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sectional toccata
“toccata and fugue;” “fantasia and fugue”
“prelude and fugue”
Bach, Fugue in G minor [Anthology 1-82]
– subject
– answer
– countersubject
– episode
The “Well-Tempered Keyboard”
• Das wohltemperirte Clavier
– Book 1 (1722)
– Book 2 (1738-1742)
– B minor fugue [Anthology 1-83]
• appoggiaturas
• Seufzer “sighs, groans”
Bach’s Imported Roots
• Georg Muffat (1653–1704)
– treatise on how to play in the Lullian style
Bach’s Imported Roots
• Johann Jacob Froberger (1616–1667)
– Dix suittes de clavessin
• French dance music
• binary form
Bach’s Imported Roots
• Johann Jacob Froberger (1616–1667)
– Dix suittes de clavessin
• French dance music
• binary form
• core dances
– allemande (broad quadruple meter)
– gigue (6/8 meter)
– courante (grave triple meter, with hemiola effects)
– sarabande (majestic triple meter)
Bach’s Suites
• French Suites (Froberger model)
– galanterie; galant
• French Suite No. 5, in G major
[Anthology 1-85]
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allemande
courante
sarabande
gavotte
bourée
loure
gigue
“Agréments” and “Doubles”:
The Arts of Ornamentation
• François Couperin (1668–1733)
• 14th Set of harpsichord compositions (1722)
– Le Rossignol en amour [Anthology 1-86]
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•
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•
gigue
character piece
agréments
double
Stylistic Hybrids:
The “Brandenburg” Concertos
• French dance music
• Keyboard arrangements of Italian concertos
• The “Brandenburg Concertos”
– assembled in 1722 in Cöthen
– usually scored ensembles
Stylistic Hybrids:
The “Brandenburg” Concertos
• The Fifth Brandenburg Concerto in D major
[Anthology 1-87]
– concertino: violin, transverse flute, written-out
harpsichord part
– cembalo solo senza stromenti (the harpsichord
alone without instruments)
Handel’s Instrumental Music
• 2 dozen concertos grosso
• Solo organ concertos
• Orchestral suites
– “Handel’s Celebrated Water Musick” (1717)
– “The Musick for the Royal Fireworks” (1749)