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Question 1 The horizontal distance between successive wave crests is called ____. Answer wave height seismic influence wavelength wave period Question 2 What is the total amount of solid material dissolved in water? Answer solid liquid interface thermocline total dissolved mixture salinity Question 3 Most seafloor sediments contain the remains of what? Answer submarine canyons seamounts microscopic organisms fish bones and cartilaginous elements Question 4 Along the axis of some segments of the oceanic ridge system are deep down-faulted structures called ______. Answer abyssal plains rift valleys asthenospheres volcanic island arcs Question 5 The large circular-moving current systems that are within an ocean basin are called _____. Answer whorls eddies gyres drifts Question 6 What is the name of the large number of trenches and associated volcanic activity that lie along the margins of the Pacific Ocean? Answer Ring of Fire Thor’s Arc Vulcan’s Ring Arc of Fire Question 7 What is the term used to describe the action of bringing great concentrations of dissolved nutrients, such as nitrates and phosphate, to the ocean surface? Answer upwelling updrafting loading thermohaline circulation Question 8 Which of the following statements is false? Answer Although the Sun influences the tides, its effect is considerably less than the effect of the Moon. The energy that creates surface ocean currents comes from prevailing winds. Elevated wave-cut platforms in Southern California are evidence that this coastal area is emergent. A baymouth bar is a manmade feature designed to control wave erosion. Question 9 The ocean basins in the Southern Hemisphere exhibit a pattern influenced by all of the following except which one? Answer the Coriolis effect wind belts the position of the continents the polar ice cap Question 10 All are examples of ‘gyres’ except which of the following? Answer Indian Ocean gyre South Pacific gyre Arctic gyre North Atlantic gyre Question 11 A variety of techniques and efforts are used to stabilize shorelines throughout the world. Discuss these techniques. Are they temporary or permanent? Also, discuss at least two ways in which the development of coastal areas contributes to shoreline erosion? (hint: Think about rivers and what they contribute to our beaches. Also, what increases with the creation of roads and rooftops?) Question 12 What are the different types of seafloor sediments and what are the factors that control the distribution of each major sediment type? Where does each major seafloor sediment type tend to accumulate in greatest quantity? (i.e., Discuss the distribution of these sediments) Question 13 Offer your opinion on the relationship between seafloor sediments and climate change. Provide any outside reference source to strengthen your position. Week VI Question 1 The two most important heat absorbing gases in the lower atmosphere are ______. Answer oxygen and nitrogen water vapor and carbon dioxide argon and oxygen ozone and chlorofluorocarbon Question 2 When condensation takes place, the initial growth rate of cloud droplets is rapid. Why does it diminish quickly? Answer The excess water vapor is quickly absorbed by the numerous competing particles. The immense size difference removes all latent energy from the cloud. The lifting characteristics of the unstable air changes. It does not diminish quickly, it increases slowly. Question 3 Which of the following statements is true? Answer The higher the temperature of a radiating body, the longer the wavelengths of maximum radiation. Distance variations between Earth and the Sun are very important in understanding seasonal temperatures. Earth’s atmosphere ends quite abruptly at an altitude of 40 kilometers. Tiny solid and liquid particles suspended in the atmosphere are collectively called aerosols. Question 4 All of the following are common forms of cloud types, except which one? Answer altocumulus and cumulonimbus nimbostratus and cumulus cirrus and cirrostratus altostratus and retrostratus Question 5 All of the following statements are true, except which one? Answer Air is a mixture. The normal lapse rate is 6.5oC per kilometer. The middle and high latitudes, annual temperature range increases with an increase in continentality. Ozone is concentrated in the mesosphere. Question 6 Under what circumstances could the relative humidity exceed 100% without producing condensation in the air? Answer when the dew point is higher than the air temperature when the air is perfectly dry when the water vapor is composed of “heavy” water when there are no condensation nuclei Question 7 What is determined by examining the temperature of the atmosphere at various heights? Answer the stability of air the condensation coefficient advection fog radiation fog Question 8 Which of the following statements is false? Answer Meteorologists discovered that in the mid to high latitudes, precipitation often forms in clouds where the temperature is below 0oC. At very low temperatures the moisture content of air is small. Hail is the deposit of ice crystals formed by the freezing of supercooled fog on objects whose surface temperature is below freezing. The quantity of water in a given volume of snow is not constant. Question 9 The process by which water vapor changes directly to a solid is called _____. Answer evaporation deposition condensation melting Question 10 Which of the following statements is true about the equinoxes? Answer They occur in June and December. The Sun’s vertical rays are striking either the Tropic of Cancer or the Tropic of Capricorn Days and nights are equal in length everywhere. The length of daylight at the Arctic and Antarctic Circles is 24 hours. Question 11 Considering the albedo of various surfaces, how might temperatures differ between urban and rural areas? Which setting tends to be warmer on a given day and why? Also, are there any factors other than albedo that might affect the temperature differences between the two settings? Question 12 On a given day in the winter in St. Louis, Missouri it began snowing in the morning, the snow changed to rain by noon, later in the afternoon sleet was falling which turned to snow, and by evening rain was freezing on bridges and roadways. Briefly explain how such a sequence of precipitation might occur. Question 13 Give your opinion on the issue of ozone depletion. Also, provide one strong argument that is in opposition to your position. Include your reference source for your fellow students. Wikipedia is NOT an acceptable source.
