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Transcript
GLANDS OF THE HUMAN BODY ENDOCRINE SYSTEM Pituitary gland thyroid gland suprarenal gland pineal gland pancreas ovaries and testes Pituitary Gland The tiny pituitary gland, at the base of the brain, secretes hormones that stimulate other glands to produce their own hormones. It is often called the master gland because of its wide-ranging influences, but the real master is the hypothalamus, linking the endocrine system and nervous systems. Pituitary consists of two anatomically different parts 1. Anterior lobe 2. Posterior lobe Anterior is the largest component, made from grandular tissue that manufactures hormones. 7 hormones are produced, 4 target other glands (tropic) -thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) = thyroid -adrenocorticotropic (ACTH) = suprarenal glands -follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) = sex glands -luteinizing hormone (LH) the rest act directly on target organs growth hormone(GH) Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) prolactin = bone, skeletal muscle liver = skin = breast Posterior lobe is part of hypothalamus, stores and realises hormones . Two hormones are stored in the posterior lobe oxytocin and antidiuretic(ADH). Hormone Affects Skin- MSH targets skin cells called melanocytes, which produce the hormone melanin. If produced in excess MSH can casue skin to darken. Suprarenal gland- ACTH stimulates the cortex of the suprarenal glands to secrete steroid hormones that help the body resist stress, they also affect the metabolism. Thyroid gland- TSH stimulates the thyroid to secrete hormones that affect metabolism and body heat production, and promote normal development of many body systems. Bone, skeletal muscle and liver- GH promotes the enlargement of bones, increase of muscle mass and tissue building and renewal. Sex glands- LH , and FSH trigger the sex glands to make hormones in females, they cause egg cells to ripen and stimulate ovulation: in males they prompt sperm production. Breast- prolactin helps stimulate milk production by the mammary glands, levels rise before menstruation, which account for breast tenderness. Breast- oxytocin prompts the release of milk from the mammary gland in breastfeeding. Uterus- oxytocin stimulates contractions in labour stretching of the Uterus triggers the hypothalamus to make oxytocin, which the posterior lobe releases. Kidney tubules- ADH causes water to be returned to the blood by the kidney filtering tubules, making urine more concentrated. ADH also affects blood pressure.