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Mattathias and Geography HEROD and the HASMONEANS New Testament History d. 166 BC Alexandra Salome John Simon Judas Eliezer Jonathan d. 160 BC High Priest 142-135 BC High Priest 165-162 BC d. 162 BC High Priest d. 166 BC John Hyrcanus I Mattathias Judah Ruled 134-104 BC d. 134 BC d. 134 BC Aristobulus I Alexander Janneus Antigonus Absalom Ruled 104-103 BC Ruled 103-76 BC d. 107 BC ? Ruled 76-67 BC Antipater Hyrcanus II Aristobulus II High Priest / King 75-66, 63-40 BC Ruled (POMPEY) 66-63 BC Alexandra HEROD the Great Phasaelus Ruled 37-4 BC Alexander d. 53 BC Mariamne I Married to Herod the Great Contested the Throne Antigonus Ruled (UNDER PARTHIANS) 40-37 BC New Testament History and Geography Under Pompey Hyrcanus and Aristobulus both seek Rome’s support Pompey favors Hyrcanus and Aristobulus rebels Hyrcanus put in power and Aristobulus is taken hostage to Rome Hyrcanus is supported by Antipater, Herod’s father There is a life-long partnership between them Antipater provides the administrative leadership Hyrcanus provides the legitimacy New Testament History and Geography Under Crassus (of the first triumvirate) Crassus put in charge of Syria and the east He took the remaining gold from the temple in Jerusalem He used the gold to finance his campaign against Parthia Crassus dies in ill-fated battle against Parthians (hmmm…) Under Cassius (one of the assassins of Julius Caesar) Cassius takes 30,000 Jews and sells them into slavery Kills the lead supporter of Aristobulus (as advised by Antipater) New Testament History and Geography Under Julius Caesar Pompey and Senate flee Rome and head east Caesar releases Aristobulus from Rome with two legions Aristobulus is killed by poisen along the way Hyrcanus and Antipater come to Caesar’s aid in Egypt Antigonus, son of Aristobulus, asks Caesar to give him the throne Antigonus accuses Hyrcanus and Antipater of disloyalty Antipater simply takes off his robes and shows his scars Thus Antipater keeps Hyrcanus in power New Testament History and Geography Under Julius Caesar Hyrcanus is put in power in Judea Antipater deligates authority to his two eldest sons Phasaelus is put in charge of Jerusalem Herod is placed over Galilee Peace and stability come to the region Antipater is honored like a king Others use this to provoke Hyrcanus to jealousy New Testament History and Geography Under Julius Caesar Hyrcanus is put in power in Judea Others use this to provoke Hyrcanus to jealousy Herod puts a group of robbers to death without permission Others persuade Hyrcanus to bring him to trial Sextus Caesar, Gov. of Syria, writes on Herod’s behalf Herod has an attachment of soldiers to protect himself Herod is released of the charges Sextus Caesar is killed and then Julius Caesar is assasinated New Testament History and Geography Under Cassius AGAIN (one of the assassins of Julius Caesar) Cassius returns to the east to raise an army against Oct. and MA Cassius instructs his governors to gather a large sum of support Herod is the first to raise the amount bringing him favor Herod is made Procurator of all Syria during the war with MA Cassius promises Herod that he will be made king of Judea New Testament History and Geography Under Cassius AGAIN (one of the assassins of Julius Caesar) Antipater, Herod’s father, is poisened my Malichus Cassius allows/encourages Herod to kill Malichus Hyrcanus is shocked but does not go against Herod Herod is betrothed to Mariamne Grandaughter of Aristobulus II through son, Alexander Grandaughter of Hyrcanus II through daughter, Alexandra Marriage makes Herod a legitimate heir New Testament History and Geography Under Cassius AGAIN (one of the assassins of Julius Caesar) Antigonus, son of Aristobulus II, makes a move for the throne Herod defeats Aristobulus and many of the Jews favor him Moreso now that he is married to Mariamne Cassius and Brutus are defeated by Marc Antony and Octavius Octavius goes west to Italy Marc Antony goes east! New Testament History and Geography Octavius Marcus Antonius Lepidus New Testament History and Geography Under Marc Antony Marc Antony takes control of the eastern empire He is already under the spell of Cleopatra Prominant Jews go to Anthony agains Herod and Phasaelus They accuse them of keeping their power by force They say Hyrcanus is just a puppet Antony asks Hyrcanus who would govern better Hyrcanus says Herod and Phasaelus Hyrcanus thus keeps Herod in power New Testament History and Geography Under the Parthians Antigonus, son Aristobulus II, seeks the throne again He promises the Parthians large sums of money and women Parthians use deception to capture Hyrcanus and Phasaelus Antigonus bites off Hyrcanus’s ears so he can’t be high priest Phasaelus kills himself Herod escapes and flees to Masada and leaves his family there Goes to Arabia for help and gets none Goes to Egypt and then sails for Rome New Testament History and Geography Herod in Rome Herod pleads his case to Marc Antony who is sympathetic Marc Antony brings him to Octavius, who also supports Herod Herod is brought before the Senate and declared King of Judea Herod leaves the Senate flanked by both Octavius and Antony New Testament History and Geography Herod Takes Judea from the Parthians and Aristobulus Herod pleads his case to Marc Antony who is sympathetic Marc Antony brings him to Octavius, who also supports Herod Herod is brought before the Senate and declared King of Judea Herod leaves the Senate flanked by both Octavius and Antony NT HG Herod returns to Judea/Galilee First takes Galilee building forces Has to take Joppa before Masada Takes Masada and frees family Lays siege to Jerusalem ARBELA SEBASTE JOPPA JERUSALEM Proclaims peace to enemies but ignored Roman commander stirs up dissension Armies go to winter quarters Meanwhile Herod takes Idumea Puts family in Samaria (city) Takes out robbers in the caves of Arbela Silo goes to help Romans against Parthia Herod takes on the robbers in Judean wilderness JERICHO JUDEAN WILDERNESS MASADA IDUMEA New Testament History and Geography Herod goes to Help Antony with a seige in Mesopotamia Herod helped Antony greatly earning him more favor Antony promises more help to Herod for gaining his kingdom Herod's little brother, Joseph, attacks Antigonus and is killed Antigonus dishonor's the body of Joseph Antigonus takes advantage of Herod’s absence Antigonus drowns Herod’s supporters in the Sea of Galilee New Testament History and Geography Herod Returns Herod avenges himself in Galilee and marches to Jericho Dines with prominent men, house collapses right after he leaves Taken as a sign of his coming success Herod is victorious in Jericho Herod goes up to Jerusalem and camps against the north side He destroys the suburbs to build his camp He marries Miriam at this time New Testament History and Geography Herod in Control under Marc Antony Cleopatra manipulates Marc Antony Antony takes from Herod’s domain and bestows it on Cleopatra Cleopatra manipulates a war between Herod and Arabia This keeps Herod from participating in the battle of Actium Herod is successful against Arabia thanks to an earthquake Marc Antony is defeated and Antony and Cleopatra are killed New Testament History and Geography Herod in Control under Marc Antony Cleopatra manipulates Marc Antony Antony takes from Herod’s domain and bestows it on Cleopatra Cleopatra manipulates a war between Herod and Judea This keeps Herod from participating in the battle of Actium Herod is successful against Arabia thank to an earthquake Marc Antony is defeated and Antony and Cleopatra are killed New Testament History and Geography Herod under Caesar Augustus Herod submits to Caesar Augustus at Rhodes He appears before him without his crown and royal garb Herod openly admits to his support of Antony He pledges like support to Caesar Caesar gives Herod his crown back and enlarges his kingdom “I hope that you will think on what sort of friend I have been, not whose.” - Herod to Caesar Augustus HEROD AGRIPPA II ANTIPATER New Testament History and Geography Doris ANTIPATER AD 50 – 92 48 – 43 BC “Procurator of Judea” 37 BC - Divorced II PHASEAL 43 – 40 BC “Tetrarch of Judea” Killed during Parthian invasion Malthake Cleopatra Archelaus 4 BC – AD 6 “Ethnarch of Judea” Glaphyra 7 BC Executed Hasmonean I ALEXANDER 7 BC Executed Hasmonean I Mariamne (2) 5 BC – Divorced Jewish HEROD PHILIP III 5 BC – Removed as Heir HEROD AGRIPPA I AD 37 – 44 Bernice Herodias Glaphyra Herodias Salome “of Jerusalem” JUDEA, SAMARIA, AND IDUMEA Will 29 BC - Executed Hasmonean 43 – 37 BC “Tetrarch of Judea” 37 – 4 BC “King of Judea” Samaritan ***Last Herod!*** ARISTOBULUS Mariamne (1) HEROD THE GREAT ? - Removed as Heir GALILEE AND PEREA IV Will Herod Antipas ITUREA AND TRACHONITIS Will Philip 4 BC – AD 36 “Tetrarch” 4 BC – AD 34 “Tetrarch” Herodias Salome
