Download sensorimotor kid footwear: structure and functions outsole

INTRODUCTION
The Sensorimotor KID programme is a method of treating foot position
irregularities effectively, quickly and economically. The therapy is based
on the fact that pressure on the muscles in the foot and leg can be
changed by locating the sensorimotor input points in the plantar region.
This mechanism of a combination of shoes and sensorimotor orthotics
allows gait irregularities to be corrected and eliminated.
UPRIGHT POSTURE
As man adopted an upright stance to become bipedal, the feet had to
take on multiple important functions:
1. Carry the weight of the entire body
2. Act as a "propulsion lever" for dynamic activity
3. Take on the basic functions of static and dynamic balance for the
body
4. Help maintain upright posture via proprioceptive cues from the
baroreceptors in the sole (positive support reaction)
5. Contain the maximum energy output from movement
In order to perform all these functions, the human foot has had to develop
specific architecture, reasonable elasticity and significantly expand the
surface area in contact with the ground.
THE FOOT: STRUCTURE
In reality the foot is made up of two sub-units arranged sagittally, one
(talus) goes from back to front and top to bottom and veers slightly to the
inside, the other (calcaneus) goes from back to front, is parallel to the
ground and veers slightly to the outside.
The two units overlap posteriorly and, moving forward, they diverge and
both extend down to ground level, located one beside the other on the
horizontal plane.
This complex architecture forms a skeleton of three
arches:
MEDIAL LONGITUDINAL ARCH:
made up posteriorly by the calcaneus and in the
centre and anteriorly by the talus.
LATERAL LONGITUDINAL ARCH:
made up of the calcaneus
TRANSVERSE ARCH:
made up of the metatarsal heads
The two anterior pillars of the longitudinal arches
also make up the 2 pillars of the transverse arch.
The posterior arch of the longitudinal arch and the
transverse arch meet.
The efficiency of such a complex structure is maintained by a series of
forces and constraints
1. the most important is made up of the articular capsule and the
ligaments, as the weight-bearing foot can only be stabilised at
length by the ligamentous apparatus.
2. All the elastic forces of the soft tissue (cutis, fascia, muscles, etc.)
3. Active muscular forces linked to "position memory" which largely
use the myotatic reflex.
4. All the articular constraints.
FUNCTIONS OF THE FOOT
1 To discharge the full weight of the body onto the ground and receive the
corresponding contact force from the ground.
2 To absorb the majority of the impact from the ground during walking,
running and jumping.
3 To have the function of a spring (by distorting, the foot absorbs energy
which is restored when the original shape is resumed).
4 Has irreplaceable balance functions.
The first two functions are performed by the sole of the foot with a
subcutaneous layer approximately 2 cm thick.
The part closer to the surface contains many collagen fibres and a
dense network of blood vessels, numerous septa form a very dense
sedimentation.
In the deeper part, the septation is more extended and elastic fibres
predominate.
BALANCE FUNCTIONS
The spring function is performed by the talus which also acts as a third
lever for the inferior arch (with Tibia and Femur).
The balance functions are performed by four levers:
Three levers ensure sagittal plane balance;
Two of these levers are located anteriorly to bring the centre of gravity
of the forward leaning unbalanced body back to the support base (these
levers are longer and have more powerful muscles).
The third lever is behind the tibiotarsal joint (it is much shorter and has
less powerful muscles) to bring the centre of gravity of the balanced
body back to the support base.
A single lever ensures frontal plane balance, it is located anteriorly and
corresponds approximately with the transverse arch.
A
Activation
B
Inhibition
SENSORIMOTOR ORTHOTIC: FUNCTION
Exceptionally efficient orthotic that has an effect on all the distorted
negative elements which cause and aggravate the painful and dysfunctional
symptoms of foot dysmorphism, also on disorders and irregularities in
walking, running, jumping, with balance and co-ordination.
1 To stabilise the rearfoot by holding it and bringing it back to the vertical
position (foot pronation with eversion deformities, supination with
inversion)
2 To bring the instep angle back to approximately 165 ° (instep angle
increases with eversion and decreases with inversion)
3 To reconstitute a normal transverse arch
4 To normalise the Costa Bartani angle
5 To re-balance the forces that act on the different components of the foot
(ligaments-articular capsule-muscle forces etc)
6 To memorise the results achieved
7 To prevent and counter bunions and claw toes
All these forces and constraints effecting the feet, although purely
mechanical, cause a range of changes to the osteoarticular system and
the tendinous muscle of the foot effecting the part of the nervous system
that programs and controls movement.
2
3
1
4
SENSORIMOTOR ORTHOTIC: STRUCTURE
To be effective the orthotic must be MADE TO MEASURE and have four active
elements, known as SPOTS:
1 medial SPOT and 1 lateral SPOT which
form a pair of forces to act on the frontal plane
of the rearfoot, which are not in rotational
equilibrium (stabilisation of the rearfoot with
normalisation of the Costa Bartani angle),
and a pair of forces that act on the sagittal
plane of the instep angle (increasing and
decreasing the angle).
A retro fitted SPOT that does not enclose the
head of the 1st metatarsal (to reconstruct the
transverse arch) and prevents excess pressure
on the metatarsophalangeal joints.
A support SPOT for the 2nd-3rd-4th-5th toes
(to counter hammer toe).
SENSORIMOTOR KID FOOTWEAR:
STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONS
SAFE: Non-slip sole for independent movement
LIGHT: Weight of 250g does not increase walking strain
FLEXIBLE: To move with the foot
SPECIALLY DESIGNED: To hold the made-to-measure SENSORIMOTOR ORTHOTIC
STABLE: Fitted with stiffeners to hold the heel firmly
CROSS-SYSTEM: Workable outsole
OUTSOLE ABRASION TEST
TESTS REPORT: RP 2014/0131-3-RP-1 of 07/02/2014
Physical-mechanical laboratory
Test carried out from 30.01.2014 to 07.02.2014
Test Method: ISO 20871 - Determination of abrasion resistance
Reference to test register: W/0307
Conditioning and test atmosphere: 23 ± 1°C 50 ± 3% R.H.
Results: RELATIVE VOLUME LOSS = 185mm(cubi - il 3 in apice)
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