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Simulation of Infectious Diseases Using AgentBased Versus System Dynamics Models
Omar Alam
Problem definition
People contract diseases.
Infected people can can infect healthy people.
How to study this infection dynamics?
Problem definition
People contract diseases.
Infected people can can infect healthy people.
How to study this infection dynamics?
Simulation of infection models
Solution!
AB: Statecharts
FSD using CBD
Epidemic models
Source: Deterministic Modeling of Infectious Diseases: Theory and Models. Trottier et al.
SIR model
Source: Deterministic Modeling of Infectious Diseases: Theory and Models. Trottier et al.
SIR model
Kermack-Mckendric model
Used to study plaque in London (1665-1666),
and Bombay in 1906.
Cholera in London 1865
SIR model
Source: http://blog.iseesystems.com/stella-ithink/limits-to-growth/
SIR model
Beta: infection rate
Alpha: infection period
Source: http://jsxgraph.uni-bayreuth.de/wiki/index.php/Epidemiology:_The_SIR_model
SIR model
SIR model
Initial population
SM1
SM2
SN
S
Initial infected
IA
Infection rate
Recovery rate
RM
R
IN
I
SIR model
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
1
8
15
22
29
36
43
50
57
64
71
78
85
92
99
106
113
120
127
134
141
148
155
162
169
176
183
190
197
204
211
218
225
232
239
246
253
260
267
274
281
0
SuscInteg Integrator 996.0
RecInteg Integrator 0.0
InfInteg Integrator 4.0
Population: 1000, Initial infection 4, Infection period: 3, infection rate 0.2
Statecharts approach
A statechart
for each
individual
Multiple
statecharts
Enable moving
Statecharts approach: architecture
Statecharts approach: architecture
Controller
Statecharts approach: architecture
Creates, initializes, and changes status
Controller
Statecharts approach: architecture
Creates, initializes, and changes status
Controller
Updates location
800
1
386
771
1156
1541
1926
2311
2696
3081
3466
3851
4236
4621
5006
5391
5776
6161
6546
6931
7316
7701
8086
8471
8856
9241
9626
10011
10396
10781
11166
11551
11936
12321
12706
13091
13476
13861
14246
14631
Statecharts approach: results
1200
1000
recovered
susceptible
infected
600
400
200
0
Population: 1000, initial infection 4, infection period 3
1
124
247
370
493
616
739
862
985
1108
1231
1354
1477
1600
1723
1846
1969
2092
2215
2338
2461
2584
2707
2830
2953
3076
3199
3322
3445
3568
3691
3814
3937
4060
4183
4306
4429
4552
4675
4798
4921
5044
5167
5290
5413
Statecharts approach: results
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
Population: 500, initial infection 2, infection period 3
1
13
25
37
49
61
73
85
97
109
121
133
145
157
169
181
193
205
217
229
241
253
265
277
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0
1
13
25
37
49
61
73
85
97
109
121
133
145
157
169
181
193
205
217
229
241
253
265
277
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0
1
751
1501
2251
3001
3751
4501
5251
6001
6751
7501
8251
9001
9751
10501
11251
12001
12751
13501
14251
1
13
25
37
49
61
73
85
97
109
121
133
145
157
169
181
193
205
217
229
241
253
265
277
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0
Series1
Series2
Series3
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